The thesis deals with monitoring of ascorbic acid and other substances in selected fruit drinks. The theoretical part begins with a summary of knowledge about the occurrence and importance of ascorbic acid and their physiological effects. Furthermore, the content of vitamin C in individual fruits is compared. The following part deals with the division of soft drinks and raw materials, used for the production of soft fruit drinks. Part of the thesis is focused on the technology of fruit juice production obtained by direct pressing of fruit material and technology of fruit drinks production from fruit concentrates. The practical part is focused on determination of vitamin C concentration as well as vitamins of group B (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6) and organic acids (citramic acid, citric acid, malic acid, pyruvic acid and succinic acid) in samples of direct fruit juices and juice from concentrate. Mass spectrometer-coupled high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS) was used to detect vitamin C and other substances.

The aim of diploma thesis was monitoring the influence of grass in feed on content of fatty acids in chichen thighs and breast meat. For experiment there were used 50 chickens divided to three groups. The first one was fast growing hybrid Ross 308, the second one was middle growing hybrid JA 757 and the last one was combined hybrid ISA Dual. The fattening was specified for each hybrid from 42 till 90 days. Feedin and water supply was ad libitum. The fortified feed was intaken 2/3 of whole fattening for every hybrid. There were statistically significant differences (P < 0,05) between breeds. There was increase of fatty acids in hybrid thighs and breasts of Ross 308. This hybrid has the highest amount of fatty acids. Between males and females there was no statistically significant differences (P < 0,05).

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of fatty acids containing distribution, metabolism, physiological properties and effects on health. In the experimental part there is detail descripiton of the experiment, where the amount of dietary fatty acids in the liver and visceral fat in rats was determined. Rats were divided into five groups, each of that was fed with mixture with 8% oil addition (palm oil, fish oil, safflower oil and Schizochytrium extract). The last group was fed with the mixture without any oil addition. The results of the experiment point to a high SFA content in feed with 8% fish oil addition. Although fish oil contains a significant amount of n-3 PUFA, high deposition of SFA could have negative effects on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. The most suitable oil is Schizochytrium microalga extract, which has a positive effect on EPA and DHA deposition, but does not contain significant amount of SFA, MUFA and PUFA n 6. Regarding the ratio of PUFA n-6/n-3, fish oil appears to be the second most suitable. The least suitable PUFA n-6/n-3 ratio is observed in safflower and palm oil.

The diploma thesis “Quality of wine affected by sulphurization” is focused on problems related to sulphur dioxide and its influence on technological and sensory quality of wine. The theoretical part of the thesis briefly describes the production of wine, describes various forms of sulphur dioxide in wine and its bonds with various components of wine. There are also outlined ways of the sulphurizing wine, dosing as well as how sulphur dioxide can be reduced by other technologies or by substituting it with other substances. The practical part of the thesis then verifies the effect of sulphur dioxide to the content of acids, reducing sugars and alcohol in wine. The effect of sulphur dioxide to the colour intensity of selected varieties of white and red wines is investigated. The wine is then also reviewed sensory to evaluate the effects of sulphur dioxide to the quality of the wine comprehensively. The results show sulphur dioxide affects the colour intensity. If the wine contains more sulphur dioxide, the colour of the wine is lighter. This difference is more evident in red wines. Sulphur dioxide has no influence to parameters such as reducing sugars, alcohol and acids. Wines with lower content of sulphur dioxide are more sensory acceptable.

The aim of this thesis was to observe how polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the wound healing process. This effect was observed by expression of selected genes and collagen type I and III in the model organism. The Wistar Albino laboratory rat strain was chosen as a model organism. 50 rats were used for the experiment. Rats were divi-ded into five groups of ten. One control group was selected which was fed only with compound feed without the addition of oil. The rats in the remaining groups were fed a feed mixture with the addition of oil (Schizochytrium extract oil, fish oil, palm oil and safflower oil). After 52 days of fattening, rats under anesthesia were excised on the dor-sal side of the back. Fattening was continued for 12 days and then rats were sacrificed with isoflurane to remove liver and healing skin wounds. EPA / DHA deposition was determined from collected liver. RNA was obtained from healing skin wounds for quan-titative PCR with specific primers for TGF-β1, PTGS2, ACTA2, VEGF, COL1A1, COL3A1. Further, immunohistochemical sections with type I and III collagen monoclo-nal antibodies were generated from the healing skin wound. The assumption of achie-ving better results with high DHA oil was not lost. Best results in the wound healing process were achieved in rats fed with safflower and fish oil (p <0.05). These results are inconsistent with the literature, since it was assumed that only n-3 PUFAs contribute to a better wound healing process and n-6 PUFAs, on the other hand, prolong wound hea-ling. Ambiguous results regarding the use of n-3 PUFAs in the wound healing process require further research.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids in selected plants, such as ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) in which the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, verbascoside, ferulic acid, rutin and quercetin was monitored. The content of chlorogenic acid, coffee acid, routine, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, tiliroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) In addition, the content of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Also the content of chlorogenic acid, coffee acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitroside, quercetin and kaempferol was monitored in elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). Similarly the extraction of phenolic compounds from these plants was carried out and subsequently subjected to chromatographic analysis on a UPLC liquid chromatograph with a PDA detector at the Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Plc.

This thesis is introducing us theme of the metabolic profile of biologically important compounds in honey. This thesis is devided into two parts. The first part (the literature review) is introducing characteristic of honey, history of a use for medical purposes, honey content, content of biologically active compounds and their positive effects on human health. There are also described methods of determination polyfenolic compounds in honey. The second part of this thesis (practical part) deals with determination of polyfenols in 11 kinds of honey using the high pressure liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Extraction was carried out by using liquid-liguid extraction using ethylacetate and diethylether as a solvent and solid phase extraction using water as a solvent. These methods were then statistically compared.

CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the Diploma thesis: FENOLIC ACIDS IN PLANTS Candidate: Lucie Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2020/2021, pp. 153 Phenolic acids belongs between secondary metabolites, which are part of fruits, vegetables, cereals and other plants of different families. For example, it can be plants of family Lamiaceae, Asteraceae and Ericaceae, which contain significant amounts of these substances. In plants phenolic acids play an important role and they have many human health-promoting effects including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer activity and other. Plants containing phenolic acids are preferably also used as antidiabetics, expectorants, insecticides, hypolipidemics, cardioprotective and neurological compounds, etc. The content of these compounds in plants may be different according to monitored cultivar, the place of growth, the time of harvest and many other aspects. Presence, identification and subsequent quantification of individual phenolic acids are usually done through the HPLC and MS methods and total content of these compounds is determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The diploma thesis is a literature...

Obesity is considered to be a worldwide epidemic disease characterized by an accumulation of AT. Increased adiposity can perturb normal metabolic functions and lead to the development of diseases like insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. A large amount of clinical studies have been shown that changes in inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue cells, increased infiltration of immune cells into AT as well as stress of endoplasmic reticulum belong to the key molecular steps leading to the development of metabolic disturbances associated with this disease. Adverse metabolic effects of AT accumulation can be diminished by calorie restriction resulting in weight loss. In addition, stress of endoplasmic reticulum could be alleviated by chemical chaperones including bile acids. These two approaches for the treatment of obesity or the obesity-associated disturbances were basis for this PhD thesis. In the first part of this work, we studied inflammation status of gluteal in comparison with abdominal AT and differentiation and secretory capacity of adipocytes after weight loss in obese patients. We revealed that inflammatory profile of gluteal AT, estimated by mRNA level of macrophages and cytokines as markers of inflammatory status of the body, did not explain the different clinical impact of...

The Master thesis dealt with changes in cytoplasmatic membrane of model strain Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis. This strain produces polyketide antibiotic called asukamycin. Changes of cytoplasmatic membrane were observed as a response to the age of bacterial culture (exponential and stationary growth phase) and addition of produced antibiotic precursor (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) to incubation medium. Observed parametres were the composition of membrane fatty acids and the membrane fluidity.