Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Monika Novotná Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The determination of fatty acid levels in the tissues of healthy, suddenly deceased persons and polymorbid patients The aim of the thesis was to determine the levels of 14 fatty acids in tissues of suddenly deceased, otherwise healthy individuals and in the group of polymorbid, chronic patients. It was a comparison of fatty acid levels in seven tissues of the human body: subendocardial left ventricular tissue, liver parenchyma tissue, kidney cortex, adrenal tissue, skeletal muscle, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and brain tissue. Each group included 10 deceased patients. The theoretical part incudes fatty acids as the main component of lipids. It deals mainly with the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their relation to pathologies in the human body. Gas chromatography, thanks to which we analyzed the fatty acid spectrum, is also described. The experimental part consists of the basic characteristics of the research groups, the description of the workflow and the results. Statistically processed data are divided into categories by individual fatty acids and other monitored...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Ivana Turňová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of fatty acids in human tissues The fatty acids are non-negligible component of lipids as one of the basic nutrients. This thesis in its theoretical part presents above all the group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are important structural units of the cell membranes, they are also the precursors to several significant biologically active substances. In the human organism PUFA participate in many physiological and pathological processes this way, where they cause the large spectrum of actions. Onwards the thesis describes the gas chromatography method that is used in chemical analysis of lipids for the fatty acid determination as the gold standard. Experimentally, the fatty acid representation was determined in the blood, muscle, heart, liver and kidney among 26 cadavers divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of inflammatory process at the time of death. The data obtained were statistically analysed. The results were descriptively evaluated and there were indicated possible explanations of differences...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Author of Diploma Thesis: Bc. Barbora Kuříková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. MUDr. Zdeněk Zadák, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Determination of the fatty acids spectrum in patients undergoing treatment with taxanes The diploma thesis deals with the determination of fatty acids spectrum in erythrocytes in patients treated with taxanes. The theoretical part describes general features of fatty acids, their synthesis and degradation. Then it is focused on the topic of breast cancer, taxane treatment and negative side effects associated with taxane treatment, especially polyneuropathy. The gas chromatography, which is commonly used in practice, is also described in this part. The experimental part is divided into three parts. The first part describes working process, chromatographic analysis and evaluation of this analysis. In the second part there is comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients without and with polyneroupathy. And in the last part there is a comparing of spectrum of fatty acids of patients before taxane treatment, closely after treatment and about month after the treatment. Results of the experimental part are evaluated at the end...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry Candidate: Alena Čunátová Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The fluctuation of fatty acids levels in the tissues of suddenly deceased persons and comparison with values in pathological states Fatty acids and their metabolites are significantly involved in many physiological and pathological processes. This thesis monitors the levels of selected fatty acids in human tissues and the effect of long-term disease on their stores. In addition to the general characteristics, the theoretical part focuses on the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their importance in the human body. It also deals with the effects of eicosanoids and other fatty acid metabolites. Methods used in fatty acid bioanalysis are also described. In the experimental part, the proportion of fatty acids in seven tissue types was compared between two groups of donors. One of them included 8 relatively young, healthy, suddenly deceased individuals. The second group included 12 elderly polymorbid patients. The obtained tissue samples were adjusted using extraction and derivatization techniques. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection was used for analysis. The measured...

A complete, sensitive and selective procedure was developed for gas chromatographic determination of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs, C5 - C12) in river water samples. A rapid and simple derivatization procedure was developed and optimized at first, using isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) to convert the acids into the more volatile isobutyl esters. The second task was to find the most suitable stationary phase for separation of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids by GC. The retention characteristics of PFCA isobutyl esters were measured and compared on 9 different stationary phases. The physical-chemical parameters of analyte interactions with stationary phase were monitored on selected column Rtx-200MS, and these parameters were compared with a non-fluorinated homologue - octanoic acid. A sensitive GC-MS system was used with negative chemical ionization, which is suitable for the selected type of fluorinated analytes. The developed method exhibits very low limits of detection and determination of PFCA isobutyl esters: 0.05 - 9.7 ng mL-1 (LOD) and 0.16 - 32.2 ng mL-1 (LOQ). An optimum pre-concentration technique was found for real water samples, where SPE SupelTM-Select HLB cartridges were used. In these cartridges, PFCAs were captured as ion- pairs with enrichment factor of 400. The recoveries of...

This thesis was focused to finding chemicals an other methods that are able to reduce or replace the dose of sulfur dioxide in the wine industry. Introductory chapters deal with sulfur dioxide - its specific characteristics and forms which can be used in wine practice and way of its particular application. It was also processed a large number of literary resources with different complementary methods and provide an overview. Methods, described in this thesis, have been previously tested and they had some potential in reducing sulfur dioxide doses during the production of wine. Thesis mainly describes the interesting physical methods but the most important part of this thesis is description of chemicals with different properties and structures. The main essence of this work was experiment which studied two chemicals to reduce the doses of SO2 -- dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids. The actual experiment was based on the inhibition of the four tested microorganisms in fermenting must of variety 'Marlen' and in saline (only in the case of Brettanomyces bruxellensis). Its output was counting the colonies grown on Petri dishes followed by consequential graphical demonstration of the sensitivity these microorganisms to dimethyldicarbonate and higher fatty acids.

The quality of meat in cattle is influenced by many genes, one of them is SCD1 gene (stearoyl -- CoA desaturase). This gene is associated with composition of fatty acids in meat and milk and can influence the level of intramuscular fat. In this diploma thesis, the total of 260 bulls of Czech Fleckvieh breed was genotyped using the PCR -- RFLP method. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were determined in this population by the SAS software and the association analysis between traits and genotypes was performed. Asociation with variability of all mentioned genotypes and myristoleic acid (C14:1) was found, with high significant value (p<0,0001), but CC genotype had a higher median value. The genotype effect on intermuscular fat and other traits was not proved.

The Master thesis which is called ,,The possibilities of application of selected hop varieties in the manufacturing process of beer" deals with wide issued concerning hop varieties, which are used in beer production. The thesis is focused on the varieties which are used for brewing of beer in the Czech republic and also for beer from the other provenances. In my thesis, I examine the aromatic, bitter and special hops which are grown not only in the Czech republic but also in foreign countries. In the practical part, there were brewed 8 samples of beer in total by using different hop varieties. Subsequently, there was made analytical measurements and sensory analysis of these samples.

In plant and food research the functional significance of herbs, spices and other plants, including their components is very popular topic. Plant material contains many components that are beneficial to human health by reducing the risk of chronic degenerative diseases. It is necessary to define the individual substances to understand and explain their biological effects. The first part of thesis describes the selected plants (elderberry, nettle, marigold, milk thistle, sea buckthorn, sage, purple coneflower and thyme) and also describes their medicinal properties and uses. The second part of thesis deals with phenolic and flavonoid substances. In the third (experimental) part, of thesis there were qualitatively and quantitatively determined flavonoid compounds in selected plant species. For identification the technique combining liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry - HPLC/MS was used. Extraction was carried out by vortexing and Soxhlet method, using two different concentrations of metanol. These metods were then statistically compared.

At growing Saaz variety is the target to reach the highest yield of hop´s cones and high content of alpha acids. The average content of this acids in Saaz variety is in the range from 2,5 to 4,5 %. The growers effort is to reach the higher number of this range because the final selling price is given by content of alpha acids. During the active growth of hops, grower can targeted stimulate the hops to positively affect the physiological processes. Then he can reach better yield of valuable alpha acids and that´s why the target of this diploma thesis was to fix the influence of growth stimulators on physiological processes on the yield of hop´s cones and the yield of alpha acids. And based on the results to identify the suitability of using growth stimulators during the intense hops growing. Following scientific hypothesis were designed: determine the plants reaction diversity on growth stimulator. For reaching the targets and confirm or reject the hypothesis was observed in natural conditions nearby the Chrastany region the plants of Saaz (clone 72) in interaction with the usage of growth stimulators. These stimulators were used: Humastar, Fertileader Vital, Lignoaktivátor. There were four variants: controled with no aplication and three other variants with usage of growth stimulators (for each variant were apllied only one stimulator for three times). The influence of growth stimulators on hops plants (phase BBCH from 37 to 81) was observed on the basis of the rate of gas exchanges, chlorophyl fluorescence and the leaves chlorophyl content, which were measured by infrared gas analyzer LCpro+ (ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain), OS 1-FL (OPTI SCIENCES), Chlorofyl CCM 200 ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain) After the crop was evaluated the yield of hop´s cones and the content of alpha acids, beta acids and essentials oils. The results of measurment indicates that the highest average transpiration rate was observed after Humastar application (+18,3 % against control variant). In the control variant was found the lowest average transpiration rate from all variants. The highest photosynthesis rate was found after Fertileader Vital application (+7 % against control variant). Decrease of photosynthesis rate about 17 % against the control variant was observed after Humastar application. The differences was also observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest Fv/Fm value reached the hop´s plants after Fertileader Vital application, concretely 0,792. On the other hand the lowest Fv/Fm value was observed after Lignoaktivátor application (0,780). After the application of all tested growth stimulators were reached increase of a pigment´s content in hop´s leaves against the control variant. The highest content of pigments were observed after Fertileader Vital application (+19,2 % against control variant). Control variant reached the average content of pigments in hop´s leaves 25,5 chlorophyll units. Differences after the growth stimulation was also observed in yield and quality of dry hop´s cones. The highest yield reached the Lignoaktivátor variant (0,73 t/ha). This is an increase of 17,7 % against the control variant (0,62 t/ha). The yield of hop´s cones was decreased of 8,1 % against the control variant after Humastar application. The similiar trends were also observed in hop´s cones quality. The highest content of alpha acids (3,06 %) was reached after Lignoaktivátor application and at the same time Lignoaktivátor variant also achieved the highest content of essentials oils per 100 g of a sample (0,22 ml). Humastar variant had the lowest content of alpha acids (2,18 %) and also the lowest content of essential oils (0,14 ml). Based on the results it can be stated that the used growth stimulators had the influence on the physiological characteristics of hop´s plants and also affected the different yield and quality of hop´s cones. Proposed hypothesis were confirmed. Based on the one-year results, application of Fertileader Vital or Lignoaktivátor seems to bee more profitable than Humastar application.