Analysis of the Effect of Pharmacotherapy on the Risk of a Fall I. Author: Klára Šturcová1 Tutor: Josef Malý1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Pague Introduction: Falls of hospitalized patients are one of the most common problems in health institutions. In terms of prevention of falls it is necessary to analyze all the factors that might have contributed to the emergence of a fall and subsequently minimize these risk factors. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to analyze the possible drugs and other causes of falls of patients hospitalized in a certain rehabilitation institution. Methods: The data were collected from 21 March to 31 July 2014 in an institution providing rehabilitation care. The evaluated group consisted of patients who fell during the hospitalization in this period. The data about the fall, personal and drug anamnesis were transferred to an electronic form and subsequently evaluated by means of the frequency analysis, converted into graphs and tables and discussed. Results: 67 patients experienced 79 falls. Women experienced 53 % of falls; men experienced 47 % of falls. 87 % of the patients fell once, 9 % of the patients fell twice, 4 % of the patients fell three times. 58 % of all falls were experienced by...

Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy Author: Zuzana Vávrová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions represent a serious health problem and they cause many hospitalizations. Although their identification and documentation received a considerable attention, they remain unrecognized for many patients. Objectives: The goal of the thesis was to analyze serious drug interactions between cardiovascular drugs, to describe their management in clinical practice, which is useful during dispensation, and to evaluate occurrence of these drug interaction in a community pharmacy. Methodology: The information was gained from several databases and compared, and afterwards management of major drug interactions of betablockers and calcium channel blockers was created. Patients of a community pharmacy were screened for these drug interactions. The data were processed by frequency analysis. Results: In the theoretical part, 94 drug interactions were analysed. The total number of patients who received betablockers or calcium channel blockers in the community pharmacy was 525. Serious drug interactions described in this...

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Karolína Valíková Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Diploma thesis title: Formulation and study of the antimicrobial agent A literary overview of selected characteristics of silver nanoparticles is presented in the diploma thesis. Size measurement methods are described, while considerable attention is paid to photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), which was used in the experimental part of this diploma thesis. Various methods of silver nanoparticle synthesis are outlined. Later part of the text is focused on the application of silver nanoparticles in areas concerning human health - mainly for the purposes of medicine, disinfection and as components of cosmetic products. Possible toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on human organism are also discussed. The focus of the thesis is in the experimental part. Stability of microparticles in suspensions used for product formulation was studied, as well as the PCS instrument's capability to distinguish the size distribution of particles in aqueous medium in highly polydisperse systems and in highly diluted systems. It was proven that microparticles have a spontaneous ability to form flocks, nonionic surfactants in 0.1%...

Charles Univerzity in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Candidate: Veronika Müllnerová Consultant: Doc. RNDr. Milan Dittrich, CSc. Title of thesis: Impact of molecular weight and the grade of branching of aliphatic oligoesters on their hydrolytic degradation Theoretical part of the thesis deals with behavior, properties and applications of biodegradable polyesters, mainly copolymers of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA). This part concerns degradation, erosion and release mechanism. Furthermore, it describes properties that influence the drug release kinetics from systems based on PLGA. The final section of theoretical part is focused on the in situ forming implants, whose carrier of active substance is biodegradable polyester. The experimental part analyzes the influence of different pH of the medium within physiologically common boundaries and also the influence of ionic force on the degree of swelling and polymer erosion. These degradation parameters have been studied on three potential polyester carriers of active substances - PLGA, M3 (terpolymer of lactic and glycolic acid with mannit) and T3 (terpolymer of lactic and glycolic acid with tripentaerythritol). Polymer bodies were kept in temperature of 37řC inside phosphate-citrate buffers with...

Analysis of drug-related problems in a health facility I. Author: Michaela Bahnerová1 Tutor: Josef Malý1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Intoduction: Drug-related problems (DRPs) lower the quality of health care and present a risk factor in patient's safety. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is identification, classification and further analysis of DRPs in health care facility. Methods: Revision of pharmacotherapy was performed in health care facility in term 6. 8. - 10. 8. 2012. The pharmaceutical team which contained two pharmacists and diplomant examined health documentation of patients hospitalized in the facility. We collected information from personal, allergic, family, and labor-social anamnesis of patients. This data were noted into electronical database and after revision were DRPs classified and evaluated. The results of DRPs identification were evaluated by frequency analysis. In ten randomly selected patients was described DRPs resolution. Results: In total we noticed medical therapy in 175 patients (61 % women). Average patient's age was 58 years. 482 DRPs were identified. Of the patients, 84 % had DRPs and an average of 2,75 DRPs were recorded per patient. Conclusion: Appearance of DRPs is very frequent and...

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Drug interactions of cardiovascular drugs and their analysis in the patients of community pharmacy II. Author: Lenka Skořepová1 Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles university in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Introduction: Drug interactions are a major cause of toxicity, side effects of drugs and increase the risk of harm to the patient. The pharmacist has an indispensable role in the process of minimizing risks and resolving of drug interactions. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to carry out a research focused on drug interactions of selected groups of cardiovascular drugs and to describe their management in clinical practice, which could be used during dispensing medicine. Then was evaluated occurrence of these drug interactions in pharmacotherapy of community pharmacy patients. Methods: With the help of selected databases were described individual drug interactions of ACEI and created their management in clinical practice. Sample of patients of community pharmacy was screened for drug interactions. The data were processed by retrospective analysis. For 12 patients with drug interactions were processed case reports and tested solution of drug interactions with using of described management of drug interactions during the...

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and toxikology Student: Zuzana Matiašková Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Martina Čečková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Role of selected ABC and SLC transporters in transmembrane permeability of maraviroc: effect on transport in placenta Antiretroviral drug maraviroc is an inhibitor of CCR5-trophic HIV virus and belongs to the group of entry inhibitors. Nowadays, maraviroc is administered as part of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) primarily in adults, children over the age of two and pregnant women to reduce the risk of transmission of HIV to the fetus. The knowledge of interactions of maraviroc with drug transporters in placenta is crucial for optimizing the therapy during pregnancy, both in terms of efficacy and potential adverse effects. Maraviroc is known substrate of ABCB1 transporter, which plays a protective role to the fetus by its efflux activity in the apical membrane of trophoblast. However, the results of recent study employing dually perfused human placenta suggest involvement of other transport mechanisms in the maraviroc transplacental pharmaocokinetics, especially those operating in the opposite direction to ABCB1. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro studies whether, besides ABCB1,...

Analysis of drug-related problems in general practitioners office II. Author: Šárka Sperottová Supervisor of the thesis: PharmDr. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Background: A Drug-Related Problem - DRP - is according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe - PCNE - an event or circumstance involving drug therapy that actually or potentially interferes with desired health outcomes. We can encounter DRP in every general practitioner's - GPs - office all around the world. But with proper cooperation between practitioners and pharmacists we could reduce the number of problems. That would be big benefit for patients and health system as well. This thesis is focused on anticoagulant drugs, mainly on DOAC group - direct oral anticoagulants - and their DRP in it's theoretical part. Practical part of thesis is analysis of DRP in GPs office itself. Aim: Theoretical part - describe the process of haemostasis and the possibilities of influencing this process by drugs. Discuss DRP of anticoagulants, especially oral anticoagulants and heparins. Practical part - identify and describe DRP. Sort them by PCNE Classification for DRP V5.01. Analyse and describe the most frequent drug-related problems occurring in general...

Analysis of drug-related problems in a health facility IV. Author: Linda Šubrtová Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Increasing use of drugs leads to a growing risk of occurence of drug-related problems. These problems can often endanger patient's health and increase the economic cost of the treatment. However, many of these problems can be prevented by controls and collaboration of all health care subjects. Objective: The aim of this work was to carry out a revision of pharmacotherapy in a rehabilitation health facility and to analyse acquired drug-related problems. Methodology: The collection of data took place from 13 to 15 February 2017 in health facility in the Czech Republic. The review of pharmacotherapy was performed by a three-member team (clinical pharmacist, pharmacist, work researcher). The data obtained from the provided medical records were recorded into the database, which was prepared for the purpose of the pharmacotherapy review. Recorded were: the patient's age and sex, allergic, family, work, social and personal history, physical and laboratory examinations and complete pharmacotherapy, which included over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements, including dosage...