O interesse pelo 188Re para aplicações terapêuticas na medicina nuclear é devido à meia-vida de 16,9 horas, emissão de partículas βֿ com energia máxima de 2,12 MeV e raios-γ de 155 keV adequados para a aquisição de imagens. O estudo apresenta a radiomarcação do HEDP (etidronato) com o 188Re eluído de geradores de 188W/188Re a base de Al2O3 e tipo-gel 188WZr. A dependência do rendimento do 188Re-HEDP na concentração do agente redutor, pH, tempo de reação, temperatura e adição de carregador Re2O7 foram avaliados. A partir das condições ótimas de marcação os rendimentos do 188Re-HEDP foram ≥ 98% tanto para os kits líquidos como liofilizados. A formulação padrão que representou esses resultados contém: 30 mg de HEDP, 7 mg de SnCl2, 3 mg de ácido ascórbico e adição de 20 μg de Re2O7. As reações foram conduzidas sob aquecimento de 100 °C por 30 minutos, seguidos de 60 minutos de incubação. Outro aspecto importante do trabalho foi o controle de qualidade radioquímico, comparando os resultados de CP, CCD e cromatografia iônica, além dos experimentos com a CLAE. A distribuição biológica realizada comprovou a captação pelo esqueleto e a estabilidade in vivo dos complexos de 188Re-HEDP. / The widespread interest in 188Re for therapeutic applications, is due to its attractive 16,9 hours half-life, emission of a βֿ particle with maximum energy of 2.12 MeV and gama-ray of 155 keV suitable for imaging. This work presents the radiollabeling of HEDP (etidronate) with 188Re eluted from alumina-based 188W/188Re generators and tungstate-based 188W/188Re gel generators. Dependence of the yield of the 188Re-HEDP on the concentration of the reduction agent, pH, reaction time, temperature and addition of carrier Re2O7 were evaluated. The radiollabeling of 188Re-HEDP procedure using the optimum conditions resulted a yield ≥ 98% for liquid and lyophilized kits. This basic formulation contains: 30 mg de HEDP, 7 mg de SnCl2, 3 mg de ascorbic acid and addition of 20 μg of Re2O7. The reactions were carried out with heating in boiling water for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes of incubation. Another important aspect of this work was the radiochemical quality control compairing the results of PC, TLC and ion chromatography, along with the experiments with HPLC. The biological distribution proved the adequate bone uptake and in vivo stability of 188Re-HEDP complexes.

Emotions play a key role in effective and successful human communication. Text is popularly used on the internet and social media websites to express and share emotions, feelings and sentiments. However useful applications and services built to understand emotions from text are limited in effectiveness due to reliance on general purpose emotion lexicons that have static vocabulary and sentiment lexicons that can only interpret emotions coarsely. Thus emotion detection from text calls for methods and knowledge resources that can deal with challenges such as dynamic and informal vocabulary, domain-level variations in emotional expressions and other linguistic nuances. In this thesis we demonstrate how labelled (e.g. blogs, news headlines) and weakly-labelled (e.g. tweets) emotional documents can be harnessed to learn word-emotion lexicons that can account for dynamic and domain-specific emotional vocabulary. We model the characteristics of realworld emotional documents to propose a generative mixture model, which iteratively estimates the language models that best describe the emotional documents using expectation maximization (EM). The proposed mixture model has the ability to model both emotionally charged words and emotion-neutral words. We then generate a word-emotion lexicon using the mixture model to quantify word-emotion associations in the form of a probability vectors. Secondly we introduce novel feature extraction methods to utilize the emotion rich knowledge being captured by our word-emotion lexicon. The extracted features are used to classify text into emotion classes using machine learning. Further we also propose hybrid text representations for emotion classification that use the knowledge of lexicon based features in conjunction with other representations such as n-grams, part-of-speech and sentiment information. Thirdly we propose two different methods which jointly use an emotion-labelled corpus of tweets and emotion-sentiment mapping proposed in psychology to learn word-level numerical quantification of sentiment strengths over a positive to negative spectrum. Finally we evaluate all the proposed methods in this thesis through a variety of emotion detection and sentiment analysis tasks on benchmark data sets covering domains from blogs to news articles to tweets and incident reports.

This thesis develops a number of graph-based techniques that are capable of measuring the dynamic behaviour of a network and discusses their application in network management. By representing a computer network as a time series of uniquely labelled graphs, it is possible to measure the degree of change that has occurred between a pair of graphs, and hence the dynamics in a network. Concepts introduced include the median graph, intra- and inter- graph clustering, and hierarchical graph representations. The focus is on producing efficient algorithms and improved measures of network change. It is believed that these graph-based techniques for measuring network dynamics have great potential in network anomaly detection, and thus will improve reliability of enterprise intranets.

This thesis concerns the use of labelled infinite trees to solve families of nested recursions of the form $R(n)=\sum_{i=1}^kR(n-a_i-\sum_{j=1}^{p_i}R(n-b_{ij}))+w$, where $a_i$ is a nonnegative integer, $w$ is any integer, and $b_{ij},k,$ and $p_i$ are natural numbers. We show that the solutions to many families of such nested recursions have an intriguing combinatorial interpretation, namely, they count nodes on the bottom level of labelled infinite trees that correspond to the recursion. Furthermore, we show how the parameters defining these recursion families relate in a natural way to specific structural properties of the corresponding tree families. We introduce a general tree ``pruning" methodology that we use to establish all the required tree-sequence correspondences.

This thesis concerns the use of labelled infinite trees to solve families of nested recursions of the form $R(n)=\sum_{i=1}^kR(n-a_i-\sum_{j=1}^{p_i}R(n-b_{ij}))+w$, where $a_i$ is a nonnegative integer, $w$ is any integer, and $b_{ij},k,$ and $p_i$ are natural numbers. We show that the solutions to many families of such nested recursions have an intriguing combinatorial interpretation, namely, they count nodes on the bottom level of labelled infinite trees that correspond to the recursion. Furthermore, we show how the parameters defining these recursion families relate in a natural way to specific structural properties of the corresponding tree families. We introduce a general tree ``pruning" methodology that we use to establish all the required tree-sequence correspondences.

This thesis develops a number of graph-based techniques that are capable of measuring the dynamic behaviour of a network and discusses their application in network management. By representing a computer network as a time series of uniquely labelled graphs, it is possible to measure the degree of change that has occurred between a pair of graphs, and hence the dynamics in a network. Concepts introduced include the median graph, intra- and inter- graph clustering, and hierarchical graph representations. The focus is on producing efficient algorithms and improved measures of network change. It is believed that these graph-based techniques for measuring network dynamics have great potential in network anomaly detection, and thus will improve reliability of enterprise intranets.

The purpose of the following study was to re-address the energy requirements of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) during training in a cold winter environment. Twenty CAF personnel were recruited to participate in a 5-day winter training exercise at Canadian Forces Base Meaford in Ontario, Canada. Energy expenditure (n=10) and body composition (n=14) were measured via the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and the deuterium isotope dilution technique, respectively. Mean total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was 4900±693 kcal·day-1 with no significant differences observed between sexes. Body mass and body composition of CAF personnel changed significantly (p < 0.05) across the 5-day exercise. This decrease was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in fat mass. Despite these losses, participants were able to maintain high physical activity level (PAL) values (2.6) and high TDEE levels throughout the study period. It is recommended to increase the caloric content of the rations via additional supplements that provide energy-dense foods in bar format that can be easily consumed at the convenience of the individual. / February 2016

Submitted by RAFAEL MASSAMI SUZUKI null (rafael-msuzuki@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-25T16:27:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Mestrado Rafael - Definitiva.pdf: 1828628 bytes, checksum: 7ab33dfa0c92841eda9e9c68bfc23a60 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-27T18:43:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 suziki_rm_me_jabo.pdf: 1828628 bytes, checksum: 7ab33dfa0c92841eda9e9c68bfc23a60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:43:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 suziki_rm_me_jabo.pdf: 1828628 bytes, checksum: 7ab33dfa0c92841eda9e9c68bfc23a60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Estudos relacionados a utilização de um determinado nutriente são importantes para se obter conhecimentos a respeito do aproveitamento deste nutriente pelo animal, uma vez que há nem tudo o que é fornecido, é aproveitado pelo mesmo. Dessa forma, o que foi de fato utilizado para o animal pode ser convertido em produção animal, como um acréscimo proteico nos frangos de corte, ou então a utilização de nutrientes para a produção de ovos em poedeiras. A utilização de aminoácidos marcados nos permite avaliar processos metabólicos em diferentes estudos nutricionais, tanto no processo de incorporação refletido no processo de turnover, quanto na deposição do aminoácido nos diferentes tecidos. Deste modo, o trabalho teve como enfoque a utilização da L-(15N) treonina que foi explorada por meio de três abordagens diferentes: verificar a distribuição deste aminoácido marcado em diferentes tecidos de frangos de corte por meio de um balanço de massas (Capítulo 2); calcular a eficiência de utilização nestes tecidos, ou seja, calcular qual foi o aproveitamento da L-(15N) treonina ingerida que foi depositada/incorporada a esses tecidos (Capítulo 2); e por fim, analisar o turnover da L-(15N) treonina para se analisar a incorporação do aminoácido no tecido (Capítulo 3). / Studies related to the utilization of a particular nutrient are important to obtain knowledge regarding the utilization of this nutrient by the animal, because only a part of the nutrient will be used. Thus, what was in fact used for the animal can be converted to livestock as an increase in protein broilers, or the use of nutrients to egg production of laying hens. The use of labeled amino acids allows us to evaluate metabolic processes in different nutritional studies, both in the incorporation process reflected in the turnover process, as the amino acid deposition in different tissues. Thus, the aim of the work was to focus the utilization of L-(15N) threonine, which was explored by three different approaches: verify the distribution of labelled amino acid in different tissues of broiler chickens through a mass balance (Chapter 2 ); calculate the utilization efficiency of these tissues or the L-(15N) threonine intake which has been deposited / incorporated into these tissues (Chapter 2); and finally, to analyze the turnover of L-(15N) for threonine analyzing the amino acid incorporation into the tissue (Chapter 3). / FAPESP: 2013/25761-4

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