Thesis (Ph. D.)--Princeton University, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Northern Arizona University, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-188).

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Pennsylvania State University, 1965. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-177).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-222).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Supervisor: Richard R. Flores. Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Also available from UMI.

Even as the numbers of migrants waiting in North Africa to continue their journeys to Europe continue to grow, the social and political consequences of this time spent “en route” remain marginal to conversations around migration across the Mediterranean. There is a focus on migrants’ movement through space, with emphasis on origin and destination, presumed to be Europe, but not much attention paid to the time in between. Rather than centering on how borders regulate, impede, and allow or not, migratory flow, and what happens when European borders are crossed, this dissertation focuses on another of the predominant phenomena to which borders give rise: waiting. This dissertation emerges from the social worlds and subjective transformations that take place in and around the borderlands of the Strait of Gibraltar. These worlds include communities of West African migrants who have become immigrants in Morocco, Moroccan and Spanish day-laborers who work as commodity porters moving back and forth between Morocco and Spain, and activist and mutual aid networks that have emerged around the rapidly growing immigrant community in Tangier, Morocco. Lives lived while waiting, whether in the city of Tangier among im/migrants or in the commodity warehouses that abut the border between Spanish Ceuta and Morocco, form consequential habits that sediment into social life and become fields for potential political claims grounded in communal sentiments. As such, this dissertation explores the consequences of these communal sentiments across the many borders of the Strait of Gibraltar, and draws on intensive fieldwork between 2017 and 2019 in the context of a decade of research in Tangier and Ceuta. It does so through a critical ethnographic analysis exploring the emergent languages, labors, and infrastructures of belonging and difference that emerge among immigrant and migrant communities in Tangier, Morocco and Ceuta, Spain. Theoretically, this dissertation builds from theories of metapragmatic discourse analysis, infrastructural flow and breakdown, and borderland political economies in order to emphasize the worlds emergent along these borders. When seen through the lens of waiting, understanding the growth and transformations of migratory dynamics and border politics in the region means paying more attention to this time spent “en route,” its consequences beyond just the regulation of access to spatial territories, and the categories of belonging and difference that emerge along the way.

No description available.

This thesis examines the viability of participatory monitoring in instituting a sustainable agriculture-based land reform programme in South Africa. The legacies of colonial and apartheid-era racial injustices have severely constrained access to land for agricultural production. Moreover, the impact of commercial agriculture on nature and society, warrants that alternative approaches to agriculture be investigated. Land reform provides a unique opportunity to motivate for social change, premised on both agricultural sustainability (land) and social transformation (life). Partnership-based models, such as farm worker equity share schemes, dominate land reform opportunities in the Western Cape. The Warmwater farming Trust, a land reform project in the Western Cape premised on this model, formed the case study component of my research. Political ecology was adopted as the theoretical framework for linking structural underpinnings and the locale. Participatory research methods were employed to develop the indicator-based participatory monitoring system on Warmwater. These included farming systems research, participatory rural appraisal and sustainability indicators. The research shows that a range of factors, related to the structures in society, the nature of the locale, and local-level action underscore land and agrarian reform in South Africa. Moreover, the research provides important insights into the transformative capacity of partnership-based land reform models. Participatory monitoring holds benefits for the farmers of Warmwater by providing an opportunity to monitor changes related to land and life and increasing their participation in planning and decision-making processes on the farm. Despite obstacles posed by structural constraints to land and agrarian reform, this thesis postulates three mechanisms to addressing the land-life dialectic. These include a consideration of new land reform models, a conflation of environmental and social justice considerations, and the promotion of local-level action geared towards social transformation and agricultural sustainability. The reconstruction of the South African landscape could be attained by adopting a participatory, sustainable agriculture-based land reform programme, which incorporates processes such as participatory monitoring.