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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

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LLH-HOG oat grain (low in ADL and high in EE) was compared to Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain. Twenty-one Suffolk wethers were randomly assigned diets, 100% barley silage or barley silage with 50, 75, or 90% (DM) LLH-HOG oat or CDC Dolly barley. Apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and GE were determined. Linear and quadratic regressions were fitted and apparent digestibility at 100% grain was determined. DM apparent digestibility was estimated at 79.1% for CDC Dolly barley and 74.0% for LLH-HOG oat grain. LLH-HOG oat provided 3550 Kcal per kg DE and CDC Dolly barley provided 3582 Kcal per kg DE. A non-lactating Holstein cow with a rumen fistula was used to determine LLH-HOG oat, Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain degradability. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 48, 36, 24, 12, 08, 04, and 00 hour. The in situ degradability of DM, CP, and NDF were determined. An <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted using a Daisy II Incubator for incubations of 48, 30, and 24 hour. The DM ED of CDC Dolly barley (77.0%) was greater than both oat (68.0 and 68.9%). The NDF ED in LLH-HOG oat (26.6%) was higher than that of Derby oat (24.0%). Nine lactating Holsteins were randomly assigned treatments in a triple replicate three x three Latin square. Treatments were 50:50 forage to concentrate (DM basis) TMR with grain sources of CDC Dolly barley, Derby oat, or LLH-HOG oat. Milk production, dietary consumption data, and apparent digestibility were collected. DMI of the different TMR were similar. Milk yield tended (P=0.09) to be highest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. FCM, MF, and MP yields were not different. MP concentration was lowest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. Cows fed LLH-HOG oat, compared to Derby oat, trended (P=0.08) towards requiring less DM to produce 100 kg FCM. The TMR DE and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF were higher in cows fed LLH-HOG or CDC Dolly barley compared to Derby oat. LLH-HOG oat had superior nutritional characteristics for dairy cows compared to conventional oat and was equal to barley.

LLH-HOG oat grain (low in ADL and high in EE) was compared to Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain. Twenty-one Suffolk wethers were randomly assigned diets, 100% barley silage or barley silage with 50, 75, or 90% (DM) LLH-HOG oat or CDC Dolly barley. Apparent digestibility of DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, and GE were determined. Linear and quadratic regressions were fitted and apparent digestibility at 100% grain was determined. DM apparent digestibility was estimated at 79.1% for CDC Dolly barley and 74.0% for LLH-HOG oat grain. LLH-HOG oat provided 3550 Kcal per kg DE and CDC Dolly barley provided 3582 Kcal per kg DE. A non-lactating Holstein cow with a rumen fistula was used to determine LLH-HOG oat, Derby oat, and CDC Dolly barley grain degradability. Samples were incubated in the rumen for 48, 36, 24, 12, 08, 04, and 00 hour. The in situ degradability of DM, CP, and NDF were determined. An <i>in vitro</i> study was conducted using a Daisy II Incubator for incubations of 48, 30, and 24 hour. The DM ED of CDC Dolly barley (77.0%) was greater than both oat (68.0 and 68.9%). The NDF ED in LLH-HOG oat (26.6%) was higher than that of Derby oat (24.0%). Nine lactating Holsteins were randomly assigned treatments in a triple replicate three x three Latin square. Treatments were 50:50 forage to concentrate (DM basis) TMR with grain sources of CDC Dolly barley, Derby oat, or LLH-HOG oat. Milk production, dietary consumption data, and apparent digestibility were collected. DMI of the different TMR were similar. Milk yield tended (P=0.09) to be highest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. FCM, MF, and MP yields were not different. MP concentration was lowest in LLH-HOG oat fed cows. Cows fed LLH-HOG oat, compared to Derby oat, trended (P=0.08) towards requiring less DM to produce 100 kg FCM. The TMR DE and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF were higher in cows fed LLH-HOG or CDC Dolly barley compared to Derby oat. LLH-HOG oat had superior nutritional characteristics for dairy cows compared to conventional oat and was equal to barley.

New mothers struggle to combine breastfeeding and employment. Employers may not realize the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers, their infants, or the businesses themselves. A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to investigate the characteristics of Central Texas small business employers, their attitude toward supporting breastfeeding in the workplace and explored factors that may mediate or moderate employers' support of breastfeeding in the workplace. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation theory guided the study. Data were collected using a Business Characteristics Survey and the Employer Intention to Support Breastfeeding Questionnaire (ESBQ). The final response rate was 148 complete surveys out of the 3817 sent, resulting in a 3.8% response rate. Descriptive statistics showed that 65.5% had some type of lactation support (n = 97) in place for their breastfeeding employees; however only 34.5% provided a designated, private room/place to pump breast milk. Logistic regression of the independent variables attitude (b = .034, p = .535), centralization (b = .045, p = .222), and interconnectedness (b = .002, p = .695) did not predict the presence of lactation support. Business size was not a significant predictor of the presence of lactation support (b = .001, p = .921). The moderator of intent was added to the model and interaction terms created by multiplying intent with each of the following variables: business size, attitude, centralization, and interconnectedness. These results did not support the presence of a moderating effect. Finally, mediator effects were only tested with the independent variable attitude. A significant direct association between attitude and the presences of lactation support was found (p = .045). Attitude appears to be a significant predictor of relative advantage (b = 4.583, p <.001). Relative advantage, while controlling for attitude, was not a significant predictor of presence of lactation support (b = .013, p = .220); however, the direct relationship of attitude to the presence of lactation support was less significant than before (b = .029, p = .655). Attitude appears to be a significant predictor of complexity (b = .407, p <.001). Complexity, while controlling for attitude, was not a significant predictor of presence of lactation support (b = .059, p = .285); however, the direct relationship of attitude to the presence of lactation support was less significant than before (b = .065, p = .181). Attitude appears to be a significant predictor of observability (b = .916, p = .003). Observability, while controlling for attitude, was not a significant predictor of presence of lactation support (b = -.003, p = .834); however, the direct relationship of attitude to the presence of lactation support was less significant than before (b = .091, p = .047). The implications and recommendations based on these findings can help to guide future studies and the planning and implementation of workplace lactation programs. / text