Orientador: Ronaldo Aloise Pilli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T11:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Drekener_RobertaLopes_D.pdf: 4694535 bytes, checksum: 998a5a4160bc1a4929a466c8dcfe2462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Neste trabalho descrevemos os avanços sintéticos para obtenção das Criptomoscatonas D1 (41) e D2 (42), isoladas da Cryptocarya mandioccana, para as quais não se encontram sínteses descritas na literatura e suas estruturas tridimensionais ainda não foram elucidadas. As estratégias de síntese propostas para os isômeros 41 e 42 foram baseadas em utilizar como etapa chave a reação aldólica com indução remota 1,5-anti. A primeira proposta envolveu a síntese da metil cetona (R)-153 em 8 etapas e baixo rendimento global (4,2%). Uma nova proposta sintética foi formulada e resultou na síntese da metil cetona (+/-)-157 em 3 etapas e 54% de rendimento. Esta abordagem possibilitou a construção do esqueleto carbônico de 41 e 42, de maneira diastereosseletiva. A etapa aldol utilizando a metil cetona (+/-)-157 foi realizada com sucesso, levando a formação de um aduto diastereoisomérico preferencial (+/-)-162. Já o centro estereogênico em C2' foi formado via redução 1,3-sin empregando-se metodologia de Narasaka para a obtenção de (+/-)-165a e 1,3-anti com a utilização da metodologia de Evans para obtenção de (+/-)-165b. Após manipulações de grupos protetores e de grupos funcionais, os ésteres a,b-insaturados (+/-)-169a e b foram obtidos com a ligação dupla com geometria Z através de metodologia de Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons, com modificação de Still-Gennari. A etapa de remoção do grupo acetonídeo levando aos ésteres a,b-insaturados (+/-)-170a e b foi realizada em meio ácido brando, sendo a ciclização do anel lactônico destes produtos realizada na presença de óxido de dibutilestanho, com excelentes rendimentos em ambas as etapas. Esta abordagem permitiu a formação do composto (+/-)-171a em 6,7% de rendimento e do composto (+/-)-171b em 7,6% de rendimento, a partir do trans-cinamaldeído. A etapa de remoção do grupo protetor p-metoxibenzila, não foi alcançada utilizando-se DDQ ou ZrCl4. Desta forma, embora as sínteses dos compostos 41 e 42 não tenham sido finalizadas e, portanto, a estereoquímica dos produtos naturais da família das Criptomoscatonas D não tenha sido esclarecida, este trabalho permitiu mapear a síntese racêmica destes dois compostos de uma maneira eficiente, contribuindo para que estudos futuros possam definir as estruturas desses produtos naturais / Abstract: Natural compounds of the 5,6-dihydropyranone family, isolated from the genus Cryptocarya (Laureacae), have attracted scientific interest due to their biological activities. Among these compounds, we highlight Cryptomoscatone D1 (41) and D2 (42), isolated from C. mandiocanna, for which a definitive proof of structure is still lacking. In this work, we describe our synthetic efforts toward these compounds. The synthetic strategies proposed for the syntheses of isomers 41 and 42 were based on a key aldol reaction with 1,5-anti remote induction. The first approach involved the synthesis of methyl ketone (R)-153 in 8 steps, however in low overall yield (4.2%). The second synthetic approach led to the synthesis of methyl ketone (+/-)-157, in three steps and 54% overall yield. The aldol step involving methyl ketone (+/-)-157 successfully led to the formation of the diastereoisomer (+/-)-162. The stereogenic center at C2'in (+/-)-165a was established via Narasaka's 1,3-syn reduction while Evans 1,3-anti reduction afforded (+/-)-165b. After manipulation of the protecting and functional groups, a,b-unsaturated esters (+/-)-169a and b were obtained with the desired Z double bond via the Still-Gennari modification of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination reaction. Cleavage of the acetonide leading to the a, b-unsaturated d-hydroxyesters (+/-)-170a and b was achieved under mild acidic conditions, and cyclization was performed in the presence of dibutyltin oxide, in excellent yields for both steps. This approach allowed the formation of compound (+/-)-171a in 6.7% yield and compound (+/-)-171b in 7.6% yield, from trans-cinnamaldehyde. Removal of p-methoxybenzyl ether failed using DDQ or ZrCl4 methodologies. Although our studies did not elucidate the structures of Cryptomoscatone D1 (41) and D2 (42), they are a valuable contribution for future efforts aimed to unambiguously establish the structure of these natural products / Doutorado / Quimica Organica / Doutor em Ciências

Codakia orbicularis est un mollusque bivalve appartenant à la famille des Lucinidae et établissant des symbioses avec des bactéries sulfo-oxydantes (symbiotes) au sein de ses branchies. Dans l’hypothèse où toute symbiose nécessite une régulation par des molécules de dialogue, une étude chimique exhaustive pourrait aboutir à la mise en évidence des métabolites impliqués. Le travail de ce manuscrit porte donc sur l'isolement de métabolites secondaires à partir des branchies de ce bivalve et sur l'évaluation de l'activité antibactérienne des molécules isolées. Douze composés ont été isolés des branchies de Codakia orbicularis et leurs structures ont été déterminées par les méthodes spectroscopiques usuelles. Parmi ces molécules, une seule est nouvelle et a été nommée orbicularisine. Elle présente un squelette indolone spirotetracyclique inédit. Parmi les molécules isolées, seules quatre d’entre elles présentent une activité antibactérienne à savoir le soufre S8, la 4-hydroxybenzaldéhyde et deux monoglycérolipides. L'orbicularisine s'est révélée inactive contre un panel de lignées cellulaires cancéreuses et de kinases. Le nouveau squelette de l’orbicularisine pourrait permettre d'aboutir à une nouvelle famille de molécules par synthèse organique et ainsi accroître la diversité moléculaire autour de ce motif inédit. Il sera également intéressant de déterminer l'origine des molécules isolées et de connaître leur(s) implication(s) dans la régulation des symbiotes du bivalve. Les résultats chimiques obtenus sur C. orbicularis et sur les Lucinidae en général sont intéressants puisque les espèces côtières appartenant aux bivalves ont été peu exploitées en chimie jusqu’à ce jour. / Codakia orbicularis is a bivalve mollusc belonging to the family Lucinidae and establishing symbiosis with sulfooxidizing bacteria (symbionts) within its gills. In the hypothesis that any symbiosis requires a regulation by molecules of dialogue, an exhaustive chemical study could lead to the demonstration of the metabolites involved. The work of this manuscript focuses on the isolation of secondary metabolites from the gills of this bivalve and on the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the isolated molecules. Twelve compounds were isolated from the gills of Codakia orbicularis and their structures were determined by the usual spectroscopic methods. Of these molecules, only one is new and has been named orbicularisin. It presents an indolone spirotetracyclic skeleton unpublished. Among the isolated molecules, only four of them have antibacterial activity, namely sulfur S8, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and two monoglycerolipids. Orbicularisin has been shown to be inactive against a panel of cancer cell lines and kinases. The new skeleton of orbicularisin could lead to a new family of molecules by organic synthesis and thus increase the molecular diversity around this original motif. It will also be interesting to determine the origin of the isolated molecules and know their involvement (s) in the regulation of the bivalve symbionts. The chemical results obtained on C. orbicularis and on Lucinidae in general are interesting because the coastal species belonging to bivalves have been little exploited in chemistry to date.

Cette thèse développe de nouvelles séquences réactionnelles divergentes vers les lactones sesquiterpéniques, ainsi que leurs analogues. La réactivité multiple d’un substrat linéaire face à divers catalyseurs a tout d’abord permis d’obtenir différentes structures polycyliques dont la fonctionnalisation a permis d’isoler plusieurs produits naturels et des analogues. De nouvelles méthodologies ont été étudiées pour accéder aux gamma-butyrolactones, une fonctionnalité prépondérante dans les lactones sesquiterpéniques, ainsi qu’au noyau hydroazulène contenu dans les guaianes. Enfin, une synthèse divergente courte et performante a été mise au point pour accéder à divers analogues de la déoxyéléphantopine, un sesquiterpène aux propriétés anti-cancéreuses, afin de moduler et étudier son activité biologique. En parallèle de ces travaux sur les sesquiterpènes, une autre chimie a été explorée visant à réaliser la glycosylation de cystéines avec des carbohydrates non protégés. / The main thread throughout this thesis is to develop reaction sequences that could provide facile access to the sesquiterpene lactones, or analogs thereof, using strategies that would be compatible with divergent reaction pathways. A first project harnessed the multiple reactivity mode of a linea rsubstrate to obtain different polycyclic frameworks found in sesquiterpenes whose functionalisation led to several natural products and their analogs. New methodologies were studied to access gamma-butyrolactones, a preponderant functionality in sesquiterpene lactones, and hydroazulene core, the bicyclic framework of guaianes. Finally, a short divergent pathway was designed to access diverse analogs of deoxyelephantopin, a sesquiterpene showing anti-cancer effects, so as to modulate and study its biological activity. In parallel to this work on sesquiterpenes, a different chemistry was explored aiming at performing glycosylation of cysteines with unprotected carbohydrates.

The recently isolated bacterial metabolites, belactosins A-C from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. UCK14, uniquely contain a β-lactone dipeptide motif and exhibit anticancer activities. The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-belactosin C and derivatives was accomplished in a concise manner employing the tandem, Mukaiyama aldol-lactonizaton (TMAL) process and test their bioactivities. . One approach involved a distal double diastereoselective TMAL reaction with a dipeptide glyoxamide, whereas a second approach involved amide coupling of a dipeptide with a β-lactone carboxylic acid, obtained via the TMAL process employing a chiral silyl ketene acetal. Enzymatic assays showed that the belactosins act as the dual inhibitors of the proteasome and the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. Spongiolactone which uniquely contains a cyclopentyl-fused β-lactone was isolated in 1986 from Spongi-onellagracilis No biological activity have been reported for this compound; however, the acylating potential of the resident β-lactone warrants screening for potential activity. After many setbacks in the synthesis of spongiolactone, significant progress has been made. Importantly, NCAL process also enabled a concise construction of [3.2.0]-bicyclo β-lactone, which is the key structure in the spongiolactone synthesis and only a few steps remained to complete the synthesis.

none

Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) to sense population density and regulate gene expression, including virulent phenotypes. The quorum-quenching AHL lactonase from Bacillus thuringiensis cleaves the lactone ring of AHLs, disabling this mode of gene regulation. Despite the potential applications of this enzyme as an antibacterial weapon, little was known about it's lactone ring-opening mechanism. As a member of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily, AHL lactonase requires two divalent metal ions for catalysis. NMR experiments confirm that these metal ions are also involved in proper enzyme folding. The chemical mechanism of ring opening was explored using isotope incorporation studies, and hydrolysis was determined to proceed via a nucleophilic attack by a solvent-derived hydroxide at the carbonyl of the lactone ring. A transient, kinetically significant metal-leaving group interaction was detected in steady-state kinetic assays with AHL lactonase containing alternative divalent metal ions hydrolyzing a sulfur-containing substrate. High-resolution crystal structures implicated two residues in substrate binding and hydrolysis, Tyr194 and Asp108. Site-directed mutagenesis of these residues followed by steady-state kinetic studies with wild-type and mutant enzymes hydrolyzing a spectrum of AHL substrates revealed that mutations Y194F and D108N significantly affect catalysis. Combining these results allows the proposal of a detailed hydrolytic mechanism. The binding site for the N-acyl hydrophobic moiety was probed using steady-state kinetics with a variety of naturally occurring and non-natural AHL substrates, and these studies indicate that AHL lactonase will accept a broad range of homoserine lactone containing substrates. Crystal structures with AHL substrates and non-hydrolyzable analogs reveal two distinct binding sites for this N-acyl group. Based on the ability of this enzyme to accommodate a variety of substrates, AHL lactonase was shown to have the ability to quench quorum sensing regulated by a newly discovered class of homoserine lactone signal molecules possessing an N-aryl group using a bioassay. Steady-state kinetic studies confirm that this class of signal molecules are indeed substrates for AHL lactonase. / text

Les composés hydrophobes sont connus comme des sources de carbone qui peuvent être utilisées par les levures comme Yarrowia lipolytica pour de multiples applications. Ces composés causent parfois des perturbations aux levures mais sont aussi rapportés comme conférant aux cellules une certaine résistance contre les stress environnementaux. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons étudié le rôle de l'oléate de méthyle comme source de carbone sur la résistance de la levure Y. lipolytica en réponse au choc d'un composé amphiphile, la -dodécalactone, et au stress thermique. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les cellules ayant poussé sur oléate sont beaucoup plus résistantes au choc lactone ainsi qu'au stress thermique que les cellules ayant poussé sur glucose. L'action de la lactone se trouve au niveau de la membrane où elle cause une fluidification membranaire et une déplétion de stérols qui sont considérés comme la cause de la mort cellulaire. Ce travail met en évidence le rôle des corps lipidiques dans la réponse cellulaire qui se manifeste de différentes manières en réponse à ces stress. Une accumulation des corps lipidiques est importante pour la résistance de la cellule aux stress. Les cellules ayant poussé sur glucose transforment leur stérol libre en esters de stéryle pour former les corps lipidiques en réponse au choc lactone, ce qui augmente leur sensibilité. Tandis que les cellules ayant poussé sur oléate qui ont accumulé des corps lipidiques pendant leur croissance ont tendance à convertir leurs esters de stéryle en stérol libre pour compenser la déplétion de stérol membranaire causée par la lactone ce qui diminue leur sensibilité. L'homéostasie de l'ergostérol, liée à la présence de corps lipidiques, semble donc jouer un rôle clé dans la résistance cellulaire à ces stress. Ce travail relève aussi que la présence de lipides modifie le processus de mort cellulaire programmée de Y. lipolytica en réponse à un stress thermique.

Zugl.: Dortmund, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Orientador: Rosângela da Silva de Laurentiz / Resumo: Reações multicomponentes são processos sintéticos em que se aplicam três ou mais reagentes em um sistema one-pot com formação de apenas um produto final, o qual possui em sua estrutura todos ou a maioria dos átomos de carbono pertencentes aos reagentes. Esse tipo de reação vem sendo muito explorada em síntese orgânica devido às facilidades do processo, como menor número de etapas, economia de reagentes, maiores rendimentos, menor tempo reacional (em comparação às sínteses tradicionais) e economia de energia. A utilização das reações multicomponentes tem facilitado a obtenção de compostos heterocíclicos de grande complexidade cuja estruturas seriam muito difíceis de serem obtidas por procedimentos multietapas. Desta forma, uma adaptação da reação de Hantzsch foi realizada a partir da reação entre ácido tetrônico (1), aldeído aromático (2) e aminoantraceno (3), sob aquecimento por micro-ondas, para a obtenção de lactonas dihidronaftoquinolínicas 4. Foram utilizados aldeídos aromáticos contendo grupos sacadores e doadores de elétrons que forneceram os compostos 4a-l em rendimentos variando de 67 a 96%. Lactonas naftoquinolínicas 5 foram obtidas por duas diferentes rotas sintéticas: 1) a partir da oxidação de 4 com DDQ/etanol em micro-ondas e 2) a partir do intermediário antracelidenoamino lactona 6 e aldeído aromático em TFA. Ambas as rotas forneceram os compostos 5 em excelentes rendimentos, porém a rota 1 fornece 5 como único produto, enquanto a rota 2 fornece 5 como produto m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Orientador: Ronaldo Aloise Pilli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salvador_MayraBeloti_M.pdf: 2010457 bytes, checksum: 350e267c8a65621fe41d0da941852b62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta dissertação de mestrado trata da síntese da Criptomoscatona D2, uma lactona isolada pelo grupo de pesquisa dos Profs. Cavalheiro e Yoshida a partir da Cryptocarya moschata, planta encontrada em território brasileiro, cujas configurações relativa e absoluta ainda não foram determinadas. Além de auxiliar em sua elucidação estrutural a síntese desta molécula nos permitiria realizar estudos sobre sua atividade citotóxica, dando prosseguimento a estudos anteriores desenvolvidos em nosso laboratório com essa classe de compostos. Partindo-se do benziloxiacetaldeído obteve-se o álcool homoalílico quiral correspondente através de uma reação de alilação assimétrica com alilestanana e (S)-binaftol. Clivagem oxidativa da dupla ligação e reação de alilação mediada por InCl3 e estanho metálico na presença de brometo de alila forneceu uma mistura de álcoois homoalílicos sin/anti 1:1 cuja separação cromatográfica permitiu o prosseguimento da síntese racêmica com cada um dos diasteroisômeros. A reação de proteção das hidroxilas com o grupo TBS, seguida de clivagem oxidativa da dupla ligação e reação de alilação com BF3.Et2O e alilestanana forneceu o terceiro álcool homoalílico com mistura diastereoisomérica de cerca de 2:1 em ambas as rotas. Por fim, uma reação de esterificação do álcool remanescente na forma de acrilato seguida de reação de metátese de olefinas para formação do anel lactônico nos possibilitou o mapeamento de grande parte da rota sintética da Criptomoscatona D2 em sua forma racêmica / Abstract: This work describes the preliminary studies on the racemic and the asymmetric synthesis of Cryptomoscatone D2 based on sequential allylation reactions for the construction of its three stereogenic centers and ring-closing methatesis reaction to construct the lactone scaffold. Besides allowing the structure elucidation of the molecule isolated from a typical brazilian plant by the research groups of Profs. Cavalheiro and Yoshida, the synthesis of such a lactone would allow us to carry new cytotoxic studies which are being lately developed with this class of compound. The synthesis started with the allylation reaction of benzyloxyacetaldehyde under the conditions described by Keck and coworkers to furnish corresponding homoallylic alcohol. After an oxidative cleavage of the double bond, an InCl3 promoted allylation reaction allowed the preparation a 1:1 mixture of syn/anti homoallylic alcohols which were as the TBS ethers and submitted separately to double bond oxidative cleavages. These aldehydes were used as substrates for another allylation reaction with BF3.Et2O and allyltri-n-butyltin and the homolallylic alcohols (2:1 diatereoisomeric mixtures) were converted to the corresponding acrylates in order to carry out the planned RCM reaction. Several allylation reactions were tested and the homoallylic alcohols were prepared in 1:1 diasteroisomeric excesses. Efforts will be carried out in order to enhance the distereoselectivity of the allylation reactions for an efficient approach to Cryptomoscatone D2 (12) backbone / Mestrado / Quimica Organica / Mestre em Química