Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-131). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-60). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Primitive peoples have used saponins for many years to kill fish and as a detergent. In more recent times saponin has been shown to inhibit the growth of chicks, reduce the egg production of laying hens, and to be a possible factor in bloat of ruminant animals.

<p>In my dissertation, I connect the role of literature and its interpretations with France's current occultation of its colonial and imperial past and present. The dissertation puts forth a re-consideration of an excluded work and of some hexagonal classics across time-periods.</p><p>The first chapter focuses on an excluded author from the Canon, The Baron de Lahontan (1683-1716). His Dialogues avec un sauvage (1703) are unique because the strident critique of the clergy, the wealthy and the aristocracy is free from patriotic and essentialist concerns. Today his works are claimed by some Amerindian scholars (such as George Sioui) as illustrative of Amerindian values, but largely ignored by French educational and publishing institutions. . I then examine briefly Diderot's Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville (1773). The comparison of Diderot's Supplément with Lahontan's Dialogues underline that Diderot critique of colonialism was not the primary objective of this work and was limited to issues of sovereignty and pointedly left aside the issue of commerce and indirect political influence.</p><p>The second chapter is on the work of Flaubert, Salammbô. I propose that Flaubert' Salammbô (1862) paints a world in which a collective consciousness based on class begins to emergeI also propose basing myself on Sartre's work on the author, that in Salammbô Flaubert finds a space in which to unfold his own contradictions (as symbolized in the novel by those of Salammbô herself) regarding his belonging to and hatred of the French bourgeoisie.</p><p>In the third chapter, I examine the works of Maupassant as a journalist and novelist in the context of colonialism. As a journalist he defended the interests of an emerging class of colons as a journalist by engaging in a complicated manipulation of public opinion. Maupassant was also the author of classic novel Bel-Ami (1885) which can be read as a ruthless indictment of the financial motivations behind France's colonial expansion. One of my arguments is that Maupassant's fiction in relation to the colonial renewal of the 1880's was what Balzac's novels were to emerging capitalism: his powers of observation transcend his political beliefs.</p><p>The ultimate chapter is about Camus's L'étranger (1942), Le premier home (written in 1959 published posthumously in1994) and his relation with Sartre. I examine how the historical events shaped Camus's fiction and how after his death they contributed to his standing in the literary field today. In L'étranger Camus does not acknowledge Arab characters by name, nor is the violence inflicted upon them considered neither central nor worthy of particular concern. I argue that Camus standing today as progressive and humanitarian thinker despite writing for the French colonial empire is indicative of France's inability to come to terms with its colonial past. </p><p>My re-visitation of the above works has led me examine the notion of progress in history and how its political corollary, the division between progress and reaction, later between left and right does not incorporate the issue of colonialism. I also attempted to assess the colonial and imperial projects as endeavors motivated primarily by economic gains of specific social groups which used race and identity as justifications and cover ups. This interpretative framework based on the theories put forth by Jean-Paul Sartre in his works on colonialism, racism and Flaubert.</p><p>This dissertation contributes a novel critique of hexagonal canonical works and proposes a re-evaluation of the extensive influence of political imperatives on the elaboration and status of works of literature.</p> / Dissertation

This study on the Baron de Lahontan endeavours to present an up-to-date account of his life, the highlights of his literary achievements and studies the fortunes and influence his works enjoyed during the eighteenth century. An attempt has also been made to present evidence identifying Lahontan as an important precursor of the philosophe movement in eighteenth-century France. Almost all of the biographical information available on Lahontan is found only in his own writings, and this study has consequently drawn heavily on his original volumes, published in 1703. The Lahontan bibliography, published in 1905 by Paltsits, along with its subsequent recension in 1954 by Greenly, remains the principal bibliographical source available. A definitive bibliography of Lahontan is not yet fully established, however. The recent discovery of several unpublished manuscripts by Lahontan suggests that more may yet come to light. No attempt has been made in this study to discuss Lahontan's role as an historian or geographer, although it has become evident that some of the more important eighteenth-century chroniclers used his works as a source of information for their own accounts of New France. Finally, this study endeavours to confirm Lahontan's role as a precursor of the philosophe movement in France and it examines the extent to which the great writers of that period may have drawn on his observations. Although there is considerable evidence in support of the claim that Lahontan probably influenced such great figures as Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot, and Rousseau, it would be erroneous to assume too much in this regard. It is more the less certain, however, that Lahontan's writings did constitute an essential contribution to the diffusion of philosophical ideas at the beginning of the eighteenth century. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this work is to measure the influence of the Dialogues of Lahontan (1702--3) on contemporary thought relative to the myth of the Noble Savage. The text is divided into two parts: (1) Lahontan and the idea of the "noble savage" at the beginning of the 18th century in which we deal with the life of Lahontan, the historical and cultural background in New-France and in Europe at the turn of the 18th century, the Indian tribes of Northeastern America, and finally the Dialogues of Mr le Baron de Lahontan et d'un Sauvage, which consist in a comparison between two ways of life: the "civilized" i.e., European and the "savage" i.e., Amerindian. (2) The idea of the "noble savage" in the XXth century: a study of four representative authors. This part is divided in four chapters relative to the authors chosen. In chronological order: Charles Eastman who published his works at the beginning of the century, Sun Bear in the 70s, Georges Sioui and Jean Pictet after 1970. Each author's ideas are compared with those of Lahontan and, where it applies, with those of the other authors. / The conclusion underlines the fact that the ideas expressed in the four contemporary texts, having of course characteristics marking them as belonging to their specific historical milieu, borrow much from Lahontan and finally go back to a trend of thought that originated in Antiquity.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A. in English)--Vanderbilt University, Aug. 2008. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Through a myriad of practices, anthropogenic land and water use has caused the localized extirpation or complete elimination of many native fishes throughout North America. Specifically, native salmonids have seen substantial declines in population sizes and geographic distributions due to a number of factors, including habitat loss or degradation, overharvest, or the introduction of non-native competitors and predators. Among those affected, the 14 subspecies of cutthroat trout found across western North America have been subject to two extinctions and five listings as Threatened as per the Endangered Species Act. Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi have experienced marked reductions throughout their native range in the western Great Basin, U.S. In Pyramid Lake, Nevada, where they were once locally extirpated due to overfishing, water loss, and degraded spawning habitat, Lahontan cutthroat trout have been successfully stocked and managed, though they do not routinely reach their pre-extirpation sizes. With little research to determine the factors influencing Lahontan cutthroat trout in Pyramid Lake, I used a suite of modeling tools and empirical data to elucidate the influence of the current surrounding environment on Lahontan cutthroat trout in Pyramid Lake. To identify important food web interactions that may affect the availability of food to Lahontan cutthroat trout, I used diet composition and stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen to understand dietary trends. Large Lahontan cutthroat trout (>400 mm TL), along with non-native Sacramento perch Ambloplites interruptus, relied most heavily on fish prey, yet neither species showed signs of cannibalism or preying on the other species. Diet composition and stable isotope analyses also indicated that Lahontan cutthroat trout rely mostly on tui chub Gila bicolor and other fish for food. I also used results from bioenergetic and hydroacoustic analyses to compare the number of tui chub consumed by trout to the number of tui chub in the lake, during the time of this study. Results from these analyses suggest that trout consume well below the number of tui chub available in the lake, indicating that trout are not limited by the availability of tui chub. Lastly, I used a number of biotic and abiotic predictors to determine which factors influence the distribution, and subsequently abundance, of trout in Pyramid Lake and found that biotic factors were very weak predictors of trout distribution, further indicating that trout are not limited by food resources in Pyramid Lake.

Amino acid geochronology based on fossil molluscs provides a useful approach to determining the Quaternary history of Great Basin lakes. The Lahontan basin, Nevada, and the Chewaucan basin, Oregon, in the northwest corner of the Great Basin, both contained lakes during the Quaternary. The aim of this study is to improve the Quaternary geochronology in these two basins by measuring time-dependent changes in amino acids preserved in fossil molluscan shells. The abundance of D-alloisoleucine relative to Lisoleucine (All) characterizes the extent of racemization, which increases with age and Ul forms the basis of relative and correlated ages. An age-calibration curve for Vorticifex was developed using All ratios in shells from layers with radiocarbon-dated shells and with one thermoluminescence date in the Chewaucan basin. The All ratios from non-dated deposits were assigned ages from this calibration curve. The All ratios in 77 samples (-350 shells) of mainly Vorticifex were analyzed to improve the lake chronology in the Lahontan and Chewaucan basins. From the stratigraphic position, All ratios in the shells, and previously published radiometric ages, at least five and possibly six lake cycles were inferred in the Lahontan basin for the Quaternary period. Shells with highest All ratios ( -0.8) might correlate with the Rye Patch Alloformation, named for deep-lake sediments deposited in the Lahontan basin -630 ka. The next younger lake deposits are ascribed to the Eetza Alloformation. On the basis of the amino acid data, two and possibly three distinct lake expansions took place during the Eetza lacustrine episode, which lasted from -385 to 145 ka. Deposits of the Sehoo Alloformation ( -35 to 12 ka) can be differentiated from older deposits on the basis of All ratios in mollusc shells. Finally, a few shells with low All ratios near Pyramid Lake may indicate a minor lake expansion during the Holocene. Only two lake cycles were inferred from the amino acid data in the Chewaucan basin for the Quaternary period. Shells with the highest ratios correlated with the Eetza Alloformation and the shells with lowest ratios correlate with the Sehoo Alloformation. The amino acid data suggest that Lake Lahontan and Lake Bonneville experienced similar lake-level histories during the past -660 ka. The Sehoo Alloformation in the Lahontan basin broadly correlates with Bonneville Alloformation in the Bonneville basin based on All ratios and radiocarbon dates. The late and early aminozones within the Eetza Alloformation might correlate, respectively, with the Little Valley and Pokes Point Alloformations in the Bonneville basin.