<p>This essay focuses upon children from homes impacted by parental alchol/substance abuse, how and if they can be recognized in a classroom situation, and what the teacher can be aware of when instructing children from a high-stess home environment. Using the theories of R.D. Laing, the essay discusses the communication difficulties and denial which are trademarks of families made dysfunctional by alcohol.</p>

Laing distal myopathy is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner usually before the age of five that initially involves the dorsiflexion in the ankles’ and in big toes to the finger extensors. Weakness of the flexor muscles in the neck is seen in most affected individuals and mild facial weakness is also often present. Hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, starting at birth to respectively second or third decade of life, is the symptom in the affected humans.This study performed on Drosophila melanogaster, has evaluated whether feeding MuRF1 enzyme (which has a similar role as ABBA enzyme) to Drosophila larvae, in different concentrations, will have a positive effect on the larvae’s muscular abilities through an analysis of their manifestation, the distance they manage to crawl and the time it takes for them to turn from a ventral up to dorsal up position.The result show no significant impact on larvae ability to turn or crawl between different groups fed with MuRF1 enzyme, nor between the two control groups, wild larvae and mutated larvae. Other studies have proven that there is a significant difference in muscular ability between wild and mutated larvae, so explanations to why this study did not manage to replicate these results were evaluated. The study found that how many days has passed since hatching has a significant impact on performance of turning and crawling for wild larvae that are not treated with enzyme.There are a number of improvement suggestions to the experimental design and the methodology to enable a proper evaluation of the research aim of this thesis. Future research on the topic should implement these and redo the experiments and measurements of this study. In addition, the quantity of larvae that reaches pupa stage should be captured to evaluate whether the MuRF1 enzyme has a positive impact on mutated larvae reaching pupation stage. The most important parts of the improvement proposals to measure the ability of larvae when they are about the same age, as this was proven with statistical significance to have an impact on crawling and turning.

The aim of the present thesis is to study radical criticism of psychiatry in public discussion in Sweden between 1968 and 1973. Although it was not the first time psychiatry had been challenged, the debate during these years displayed an unprecedented intensity. What is mental illness – a myth, an etiquette, an illusion? Is psychiatry a means of social control? Such were the questions raised at the time. In my thesis, I study the contexts as well as the arguments of these discussions. To this end, a great variety of sources have been consulted: books, newspapers, magazines, films etc. In part, the Swedish debate on psychiatry ran parallel to international discussions on the topic, which have been regarded as a manifestation of anti-psychiatry. This standpoint is often associated with psychiatrists such as R. D. Laing, David Cooper and Thomas Szasz. In my thesis, I challenge the concept of anti-psychiatry, arguing that other concepts are better suited to capture the diversity of the debate in all its nuances. Thus, I make use of radical and reformatory criticism – concepts which have been suggested by the sociologist Tommy Svensson – while also seeking to develop them further. In addition to the international perspective, the psychiatry debate must also be interpreted in its specifically Swedish context. One aspect of this is the Swedish tradition of Government Official Reports: psychiatry had been subject to many investigations prior to the debate in the 1960s and 1970s, and others would follow in its wake. Another characteristic feature of the Swedish debate is two events that formed very suitable targets for critique: Sociopatutredningen and Mentalhälsokampanjen. These events seemed to confirm the most farreaching concerns of the radical critics, namely that psychiatry is a means of social control.