Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / This study was conducted in Limpopo province in Makhado municipality, Vhembe district. It concentrated on Levubu farms. There are seven Communal Property Associations (CPAs) which occupy about 258.7889 hectares of land; there are Ravele, Masakona, Tshakhuma, Shigalo, Tshivhazwaulu, Tshitwani, Ratombo but this study will concentrate only on Shigalo CPA. Two hundred and seventy respondents in Shigalo land restitution project in Makhado municipality were interviewed on sustainability of the restitution projects. It is argued that for a sustainability of restitution project, a number of requirements must be met. These include a clear and coherent vision, full participation and ownership by the beneficiaries of the project; political support at the highest level; appropriate mechanisms for implementation; sufficient funding; mutually- supportive linkages with other relevant areas of policy, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the intended beneficiaries as well as taking care of the environment for the future generation. The case study was conducted to investigate the sustainability of restitution project in Shigalo restitution community. The results obtained in this study show that Shigalo beneficiaries have ownership and full participation in the land restitution farms. It also pointed out that Shigalo beneficiaries were capacitated to increase the level of farm production and farm management skills, and they were assisted by strategic partnership. With reference to environmental conditions, the results show that the sustainability of agricultural project is also controlled by good agricultural practices that are environmental friendly. There were environmental constrains that affected farming in Shigalo projects such as drought, veld fire and frost. Shigalo restitution farms get advice on environmental problems from the Department of Agriculture. Industrial, financial and technical support will play a vital role in sustaining restitution projects.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011

Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2012

Thesis (M.A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010 / The study is on land restitution and development departing from the assumption that the return of a people’s land should contribute to the enhancement of their wellbeing. The question is does the common land-use objective of beneficiaries of land restitution match their share historical right to the returned land? What should actions on the returned land be based – livelihood needs or restorative justice? A profile of the livelihoods of the Manavhelas showed how the land restitution process can be used to reduce poverty amongst previously dispossessed Black South Africans. Methodological triangulation was used to achieve the above. It was observed in this case that land restitution is yet to realise poverty reduction because of gaps in its conception and inadequacies in the implementation. Closing the gap and linking the land restitution programme to the livelihood needs of its beneficiaries will improve its capacity to deliver on its promise

Thesis (M.A.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Geography, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Increasing costs for wastewater treatment provide incentives to evaluate system alternatives, especially among small communities with limited financial resources. Land treatment systems with hybrid poplar tree plantations are becoming increasingly popular as one such alternative in the Pacific Northwest. Land treatment systems are made up of a complex dual system: the wastewater treatment system and the poplar tree plantation. The complex dual system must account for temporal and spatial variability of natural systems. The goal of the system design is to optimize system parameters, after accounting for system complexity and variability, to maximize economic return without causing adverse effects on the environment and society. This study presents a system optimization model which accounts for the system complexity and natural variability. The model consists of three submodels: nitrogen loading rate estimation submodel, nitrate leaching submodel and total net revenue estimation submodel. The composite model identifies the maximum total net revenue and determines associated system design parameters. An optimization example for a hypothetical community with a population of 5,000 is presented. The optimal system with no time horizon or land area constraints is expected to return a net revenue of $773,659 over a 296-year project lifetime. The wastewater treatment system is characterized by the optimal nitrogen loading rate of 49 kgN/ha and the corresponding estimated leachate nitrate concentration of 8.80 mgN/L. The poplar tree plantation is characterized by the optimal rotation period of 8 years and the optimal total field size of 202 ha. Additional analysis indicates that total net revenue would not be positive if the design system lifetime was shorter than 60 years, or the maximum field size was smaller than 150 ha. Accounting for land depreciation due to wastewater application reduced the optimal nitrogen loading rate by 2 kgN/ha. Costs for an equity loan would reduce system profitability significantly. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the model was sensitive to nitrate leaching and poplar tree growth parameters. It was concluded that calibration for site specific nitrate leaching and poplar hybrid specific growth parameters should be evaluated to have more confidence in model performance. / Graduation date: 2004

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1984. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-94). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005. / 1 electronic text (124 p.: ill. (some col.), maps (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Susan Walcott. committee chair; Truman Hartshorn, Elaine Hallisey, committee member. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 30, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-124).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1985. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-129). Also available on the World Wide Web.

“(Re)Placing Nations: Postcolonial Women’s Contestations of Spatial Discourses” reads the proliferation of literary representations of landscapes in recent work by Jamaica Kincaid, Shani Mootoo, Edwidge Danticat, Yvonne Vera, Monica Arac de Nyeko and Toni Morrison as a trope for rethinking the nation as a space with physical boundaries. In this project I make the distinction between space as an ideological construct and place as a physical entity. Both place and space are connected to ideologies yet have specific implications for constructions of gender and sexuality. My project considers the dual yet dialectically related processes of creating physical space and identity formation. Recent frames for engaging questions of citizenship and belonging have more sought to be broadly diasporic. This analysis re-centers these debates in more localized spatial discourses. I argue that writers examined in my project revise literary forms such as the pastoral, cartographic tropes, garden writing and the peasant novel in order to deconstruct various national divisions of space and place that exclude women, ethnic minorities and rural citizens. My project posits that contemporary African and African diaspora women’s literature constructs these places as open and evolving in a dialectical relationship with communities whose subject formation is intimately connected to their physical environments. By insisting on these distinctions, formerly rigid boundaries that separated the public from the private, the rural from the urban, the migrant from the rooted are challenged along with the implicit geography of power that scaffolds these separations.