La gestion du trafic sur les réseaux routiers se heurte aux nouveaux enjeux du développement durable. L'objectif n'est plus seulement de proposer aux usagers des temps de parcours raisonnables. Il faut aussi limiter la consommation énergétique et les émissions des gaz à effet de serre et des polluants qui y sont associées, afin de garantir une meilleure qualité de vie pour les générations actuelle et futures. Les exigences en matière de sécurité routière sont également renforcées et visent à éliminer le nombre de tués sur les routes. Les exploitants ont donc recours à diverses stratégies, souvent innovantes, pour au moins approcher la situation idéale. Néanmoins, si les décideurs disposent d'une plus grande capacité à mettre en œuvre leurs programmes dans le domaine, ils ont également l'obligation d'en évaluer les performances à divers stades. Cette thèse analyse les nouvelles stratégies de gestion des réseaux autoroutiers en identifiant leurs domaines d'application ainsi que leurs impacts potentiels et réels. Les limites des méthodes existantes d'évaluation a priori et/ou a posteriori sont mises en évidence et une nouvelle approche est proposée. Celle-ci associe les trois principaux critères d'une mobilité durable à un seul concept: le niveau de service, largement employé par les exploitants de réseaux. La méthodologie a fait l'objet d'une validation sur différentes opérations. Par ailleurs, se basant sur les résultats obtenus sur un ensemble d'opérations d'affectation variable des voies au niveau européen, la thèse propose un outil d'aide au choix d'une stratégie d'exploitation d'un réseau en fonction de la configuration de l'infrastructure et du niveau de congestion. Cet outil se présente sous la forme d'un catalogue de cas-types applicable au réseau d'Ile-de-France. La nouvelle approche d'évaluation proposée dans cette thèse présente l'intérêt de pouvoir facilement s'intégrer aux outils de simulation du trafic. Les impacts d'une opération d'exploitation routière sur la congestion, la sécurité et l'environnement peuvent ainsi être fournis par ces simulateurs dans le cadre de l'évaluation a priori. L'intégration est également possible au niveau des systèmes des centres de gestion du trafic, pour l'évaluation a posteriori. Par ailleurs, la thèse identifie des pistes potentielles pour des investigations futures. Tout d'abord, la gravité des accidents pourrait être prise en compte dans l'approche d'évaluation proposée, qui considère pour l'instant tous les accidents corporels confondus en raison du manque de données. De même, seules quatre stratégies d'affectation variable des voies sont proposées dans le catalogue de cas-types. Celui-ci pourrait donc être étendu à l'ensemble des opérations d'exploitation en suivant la même méthodologie décrite dans la thèse / Traffic management is facing the new issues of the sustainable development concept. The objective is not only to guarantee acceptable travels times over the networks anymore. Energy consumption as well as associated greenhouse gaz and pollutant emissions must be reduced for a better quality of life for current and future generations. Standards in road safety have also been reinforced and aim at cutting off the number of accident fatalities. Thus, traffic operators use the most innovating strategies. Nevertheless, if decision-makers have greater possibilities to implement their programmes, they also are committed to assess their performance at different stages. This doctoral thesis analyses the new strategies in motorway network management by identifying their respective domains of application as well as their potential and real impacts. Limitations of existing a priori and a posteriori evaluation methods are highlighted and a new approach is proposed. It associates the three main criteria of sustainable mobility to one concept: the level of service, which is widely used by network operators. The methodology is validated on several operations. Besides, based on results obtained from the various lane management operations implemented all accross Europe, the thesis proposes a tool to help in choosing the appropriate strategy according to the motorway layout and congestion level. The tool is presented in the form of a catalog of typical cases for the Ile-de-France motorway network. The new evaluation approach proposed in this thesis may be easily integrated in the available traffic simulation tools. Hence, the impacts of a traffic management operation on congestion, safety and the environment may be obtained as output from those simulators in the framewok of an a priori evaluation. This integration is also possible in the traffic management center systems, for a posteriori evaluations. Besides, the thesis identifies potential subjects for future research. Firstly, accident severity could be considered in the proposed evaluation approach, which takes into account all injury accidents at once by now, due to a lack of data. Likewise, only four manged lane strategies are included in the catalog, which could be extended to all the existing traffic management operations through the same methodology described in the thesis

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This thesis presents a novel approach to several problems in intelligent transportation systems using collaborative driving coordination. With inter-vehicle communication and intelligent vehicle cooperation, important tasks in transportation such as lane position determination, lane assignment and platoon formation can be solved. Several topics in regard to inter-vehicle communication, lane positioning, lane assignment and platoon formation are explored in this thesis: First, the design and experimental results of low-cost lane-level positioning system that can support a large number of transportation applications are discussed. Using a Markov-based approach based on sharing information among a group of vehicles that are traveling within the communication range of each other, the lane positions of vehicles can be determined. The robustness effectiveness of the system is shown in both simulations and real road tests. Second, a decentralized approach to lane scheduling for vehicles with an aim to increase traffic throughput while ensuring the vehicles exit successfully at their destinations is presented. Most of current traffic management systems do not consider lane organization of vehicles and only regulate traffic flows by controlling traffic signals or ramp meters. However, traffic throughput and efficient use of highways can be increased by coordinating driver behaviors intelligently. The lane optimization problem is formulated as a linear programming problem that can be solved using the Simplex method. Finally, a direction for cooperative vehicle platoon formation is proposed. To enhance traffic safety, increase lane capacities and reduce fuel consumption, vehicles can be organized into platoons with the objective of maximizing the travel distance that platoons stay intact. Toward this end, this work evaluates a proposed strategy which assigns vehicles to platoons by solving an optimization problem. A linear model for assigning vehicles to appropriate platoons when they enter the highway is formulated. Simulation results demonstrate that lane capacity can be increased effectively when platooning operation is used.

This thesis presents a novel approach to several problems in intelligent transportation systems using collaborative driving coordination. With inter-vehicle communication and intelligent vehicle cooperation, important tasks in transportation such as lane position determination, lane assignment and platoon formation can be solved. Several topics in regard to inter-vehicle communication, lane positioning, lane assignment and platoon formation are explored in this thesis: First, the design and experimental results of low-cost lane-level positioning system that can support a large number of transportation applications are discussed. Using a Markov-based approach based on sharing information among a group of vehicles that are traveling within the communication range of each other, the lane positions of vehicles can be determined. The robustness effectiveness of the system is shown in both simulations and real road tests. Second, a decentralized approach to lane scheduling for vehicles with an aim to increase traffic throughput while ensuring the vehicles exit successfully at their destinations is presented. Most of current traffic management systems do not consider lane organization of vehicles and only regulate traffic flows by controlling traffic signals or ramp meters. However, traffic throughput and efficient use of highways can be increased by coordinating driver behaviors intelligently. The lane optimization problem is formulated as a linear programming problem that can be solved using the Simplex method. Finally, a direction for cooperative vehicle platoon formation is proposed. To enhance traffic safety, increase lane capacities and reduce fuel consumption, vehicles can be organized into platoons with the objective of maximizing the travel distance that platoons stay intact. Toward this end, this work evaluates a proposed strategy which assigns vehicles to platoons by solving an optimization problem. A linear model for assigning vehicles to appropriate platoons when they enter the highway is formulated. Simulation results demonstrate that lane capacity can be increased effectively when platooning operation is used.