Ulm, Univ. Diss., 2006.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2007. / Title from title screen (site viewed July 9, 2007). PDF text: vii, 77 p. UMI publication number: AAT 3247183. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

xii, 154 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm Typescript. (Another copy on microfilm is located in Archives) Thesis (Ph.D) -- University of Oregon Includes vita and abstract Bibliography: leaves 134-154 University of Oregon theses, Dept. of Biology, Ph.D., 1980

Breeding Port-Orford-cedar for resistance to Phytophthora lateralis, a causal agent of root disease, begins by screening, through artificial inoculation, phenotypically resistant trees selected from natural stands. The successful program selected tolerant or resistant POC parent trees for the purpose of disease management. Candidate resistant POCs were used in my dissertation to: 1. validate screening methods such as stem- and root-dip inoculation; 2. test for increased virulence of P. lateralis; and 3. evaluate detection techniques. The results showed that the established screening methods were appropriate, and no evidence of changed virulence was found. A PCR technique was more reliable than other techniques for detection of P. lateralis in seedlings. An additional test for foliar infection showed that initial penetration through wounds and natural openings was possible. POC seedlings and rooted cuttings from resistant and susceptible families were used to demonstrate resistance mechanisms. In order to explain the mechanisms at the cellular level, the susceptible response of POC seedlings to P. lateralis was first observed with light microscopy. Zoospores encysted on lateral roots, germinated, and penetrated by means of appressoria. Direct penetration between epidermal cells was common but penetration through epidermal cell walls was also observed. The hyphae colonized the root cortex inter- and intracellularly. Wound inoculation on stems resulted in inter- and intra cellular hyphal growth in cambial, sieve, and parenchyma cells in the secondary phloem. Several resistance mechanisms were observed: 1) there was a difference in zoospore attraction between susceptible and certain resistant POCs revealed by microscopic observation, direct count of encysted zoospores, and quantitative real-time PCR; 2) the frequency of encystment, penetration, and colonization of resistant seedlings was much lower than susceptible seedlings, but no differences in infection pathway were observed by means of light or electron microscopy; 3) collapsed cell walls were present in resistant POCs showing increased cell wall thickness, wall appositions, and electron dense materials. / Graduation date: 2005

Little is known about protein profiles in slow-twitch (MHC I) and fast-twitch (MHC IIa and MHC IIx) human skeletal muscle fibers. Therefore we developed a method of assessing fiber type specific protein content across the continuum of human skeletal muscle fiber types. The method presented here combines the advantages of SDS-PAGE for fiber typing with the common Western Blot (WB) technique. Individual vastus lateralis muscle fibers (n = 264) were isolated and clipped into two portions, one for fiber-typing and one for protein identification. Following fiber type determination, WB destined fiber segments were combined into fiber type specific pools (20 fibers/pool) and assessed for GAPDH, actin, Citrate Synthase, and total p38 content. GAPDH expression was 69%, 92%, 159%, and 200% more abundant in MHC I/IIa, MHC IIa, MHC IIa/IIx, and MHC IIx pools when compared to MHC I, respectively. Inversely, Citrate synthase content was 526%, 497%, 316%, and 47% more abundant in MHC I, MHC I/IIa, MHC IIa, and MHC IIa/IIx when compared to MHC IIx, respectively. Similar to GAPDH, total p38 expression was 67% greater in MHC IIa versus MHC I fibers. These data establish a novel application of WB combined with SDS-PAGE for fiber type specific protein analysis in human skeletal muscle. These initial results show content of particular proteins exist in a hierarchal fashion throughout the continuum of human skeletal muscle fiber types. Application of these methods will enhance our understanding of skeletal muscle health profiles among physically active and clinically based populations. / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

Bakgrund: Vastus medialis kan delas in i två olika komponenter beroende på fiberriktning. Den nedre delen vastus medialis oblique (VMO) har sitt ursprung från adductor magnus och drar patella medialt medans vastus lateralis (VL) drar patella lateralt. En obalans mellan VMO och VL kan leda till avvikelse i patellas position och rörelse vilket är en orsak till patellofemoralt smärtsyndrom (PFSS). En aktivering av adductor magnus sätter VMO på sträck vilket leder till bättre kontraktionskraft av VMO. Knäböj utförda på instabilt underlag har visat på en ökad aktivering av VMO. Syfte: Syftet var att göra en initial pilotstudie för att undersöka skillnaden i muskelaktivering av VMO vid knäböj på stabilt underlag jämfört med en knäböj på instabilt underlag med samtidig aktiv höftadduktion. Metoden: Friska unga män utförde knäböj på instabilt underlag med aktiv höftadduktion respektive knäböj på stabilt underlag. Utfallsvariablar var EMG-amplitud på VMO och VL samt kvoten VMO:VL. Resultatet: Samtliga fem deltagare fick minskad muskelaktivering av VMO i övningen knäböj på instabilt underlag med aktiv höftadduktion jämfört med knäböj på stabilt underlag. Två av fem deltagare fick högre VMO:VL-kvot i övningen knäböj på instabilt underlag med aktiv höftadduktion. Konklusion: Resultatet tyder på att en knäböj på instabilt underlag med samtidig aktiv höftadduktion jämfört med en knäböj på stabilt underlag inte ger en ökad aktivering av VMO eller en högre VMO:VL-kvot hos friska unga män. Utifrån resultaten och tidigare studier inom området behövs det mer studier med vissa metodologiska förändringar för att en given slutsats ska kunna dras.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8812_1.pdf: 648581 bytes, checksum: 10ce890b7d2ab8a0cd1beaa42e9700d0 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / As distrofias musculares (DM) constituem um grupo heterogêneo de desordens geneticamente determinadas e acompanhadas de destruição progressiva de fibras musculares, que se manifestam com fraqueza progressiva e perda da massa muscular, iniciando-se geralmente na infância. A distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma desordem recessiva ligada ao cromossomo X, sendo considerada a mais comum e grave das distrofias em crianças, para qual não existe terapia efetiva. Este estudo objetivou analisar, através da histoquímica e morfometria, a predominância dos tipos de fibras musculares estriadas esqueléticas em pacientes com DMD. Biópsias do músculo vastus lateralis foram coletadas de cinco pacientes, do sexo masculino, com faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos, com diagnóstico clínico de DMD, no Setor de Neuropatologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no período de agosto de 2004 a junho de 2005. Amostras foram coradas pelo método histoquímico para a ATPase miofibrilar (ATPases 9,6;4,6 e 4,3). A análise morfométrica realizada no nosso estudo revelou que as fibras musculares do tipo I apresentaram valores percentuais maiores do que as fibras IIa e IIb em todos os pacientes; além disso, as fibras musculares do tipo I apresentaram diâmetro e área maiores do que as fibras do tipo IIa e IIb, porém, com valores muito próximos, estando estes resultados de acordo com os achados da literatura. As análises histoquímica e morfométrica realizadas na avaliação dos pacientes dessa pesquisa demonstraram ser ferramentas importantes no auxílio do diagnóstico qualitativo e quantitativo das fibras musculares esqueléticas acometidas nesse tipo de doença

Research data indicates a persistence of elevated muscle glycogen concentration 3 days post-supercompensation in resting athletes. This study expands our earlier findings by determining whether muscle glycogen remains elevated 3, 5, or 7 days post-supercompensation. Seventeen trained male cyclists underwent one bout of exhaustive exercise to deplete muscle glycogen. This was followed by a 3-day consumption of a high carbohydrate/low protein/low fat diet (85:08:07%). Three post-loading phases followed with subjects randomly assigned to either a 3-day, 5-day, or 7-day post-loading maintenance diet of 60% carbohydrate and limited physical activity. Biopsies (50-150 mg) of the vastus lateralis were obtained pre-load (BASELINE), at peak-load (PEAK), and either at 3-day, 5-day, or 7-day post-load (POST). On average, PEAK to POST muscle glycogen concentrations decreased 34, 20 and 46% respectively for the 3-, 5-, and 7-day POST groups. Only the 7-day post-load group's PEAK to POST mean muscle glycogen concentration decreased significantly. In addition, multi-regression analysis indicated that the PEAK glycogen level was the main determinant of the number of days that glycogen levels remained significantly greater than BASELINE. Thus, trained athletes-supercompensated glycogen levels can remain higher than normal for up to 5 days post-loading. The amount of carbohydrate consumed, the level of physical activity, and the magnitude of the glycogen supercompensation determine the interval for which the glycogen levels are elevated.

In 1991 Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia Nutt.) was reported as a new host for Phytophthora lateralis Tucker and Milbrath which is an aggressive root rot pathogen thought previously to be specific to Port-Orford-cedar. This study was designed to compare the pathogenicity of P. lateralis on the two hosts, and to characterize sites where Pacific yew mortality occurs. The specific objectives were: 1) compare root colonization and mortality of Pacific yew and Port-Orford-cedar seedlings and rooted cuttings; 2) compare lesion length on inoculated Pacific yew and Port-Orford-cedar branches and stems; 3) compare zoospore attraction to freshly cut Pacific yew and Port-Orford-cedar rootlets; 4) compare amount of mortality of Pacific yew and Port-Orford-cedar in infested drainages and determine extent of yew mortality; and 5) characterize sites where P. lateralis causes Pacific yew mortality. Root colonization of P. lateralis was significantly greater in cedar than in yew. Seedling mortality averaged 58% for cedar and 4% for yew. Lesion length on the cedar seedling stems was twice the lesion length on yew stems, and cedar branches had lesions four times longer than yew branches. Abundant zoospore aggregation occurred on cedar rootlets along the zone of elongation and the region of maturation. In comparison, far fewer zoospores encysted along the yew rootlets, and were concentrated on the root hairs. The stream survey of three infested drainages in southwest Oregon and northwest California revealed a total of 1199 dead Port-Orford-cedar (46% mortality), and 86 dead Pacific yew (10% mortality). At sites where P. lateralis-induced mortality occurred, the interaction of slope and distance from the stream was negatively correlated with tree death. Based on results of this study, we conclude that Pacific yew is less susceptible to P. lateralis than Port-Orford-cedar, but that mortality of Pacific yew in the field is greater than previously reported. In addition, Pacific yew mortality was observed most often on level to nearly-level sites close to the stream's edge where root exposure to P. lateralis-infested water was frequent in scope and duration. / Graduation date: 1995