102 Summary Liability based on Fault and the Concept of Fault in Czech and German Law of Torts The aim of the thesis is an introduction and comparison of the Czech and German law of torts - a branch of law which determines liability for damage caused by breach of a duty imposed by law - in the area of liability based on fault and an introduction and comparison of the concept of fault as one of the conditions for the application of this liability. That the subject is tort law of these two particular countries is not an act of arbitrariness, but it relates to the fact that the new Civil Code of 2012 is significantly inspired by the German system of tort law in the field of liability based on fault. This thesis attempts to provide not only comparison of the Civil Code No. 40/1964 Sb. with the new Civil Code of 2012, but also comparison with the German Civil Code - BGB. The thesis consists of four parts - "The Concept of Law of Torts", "General Conditions of Liability in the basic tort Provisions", "The Concept of fault and its forms" and "Liability based on fault". Every part except the first is subdivided into three chapters. Every chapter deals with one of the civil codes - Civil Code No. 40/1964 Sb., German Civil Code and the new Civil Code of 2012. Part One outlines briefly the concept of tort law and its...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Daniel Felix da Silva.pdf: 968072 bytes, checksum: 5e11d56cf3cf42225736bf7612422d6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-08 / This study analyses the influence of the capitalist economic order in determining the moral damage (non-economic damage) in Brazilian law, under the doctrine of Karl Marx, to demonstrate that its application is not consistent with the principle of human dignity, thus performing a kind justice that follows a patrimonial logic inherent in capitalism, which is to quantify people, therefore incompatible with the concept of human dignity of Immanuel Kant, who advocates the inability of man to be quantified, as a thing to be used by others. This is because, under capitalism, human beings can be reduced to an economic expression (reified) because their attributes are part of the economic process. / Este estudo analisa a influência da ordem econômica capitalista na determinação do dano moral (dano extrapatrimonial) no direito brasileiro, a partir da doutrina de Karl Marx, a fim de demonstrar que a sua aplicação não é congruente com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, realizando assim um tipo de justiça que segue uma lógica patrimonialista inerente ao capitalismo, que é de quantificar as pessoas, portanto incompatível com o conceito de dignidade humana de Immanuel Kant, que pugna pela impossibilidade do homem ser quantificado, de ser usado como coisa por outrem. Isso porque, no capitalismo, o ser humano pode ser reduzido a uma expressão econômica (reificado) porque seus atributos integram o processo econômico.

Con frecuencia, los daños que sufren las víctimas de accidentes pueden ser puestos a cargo de varias personas. Sin embargo, el ordenamiento jurídico español no dispone de un régimen que regule las relaciones de los corresponsables entre sí y las de éstos con la víctima. En el derecho español de daños, un numeroso grupo de leyes especiales y una jurisprudencia ya consolidada han optado por imponer el régimen jurídico de la solidaridad de deudores a los casos de corresponsabilidad por un daño. La importación de la solidaridad a los supuestos de cocausación de un daño ha significado, sin embargo, la aplicación de ese régimen jurídico a supuestos de hecho diferentes a los previstos en la parca regulación del Código civil. El trabajo analiza los efectos de la solución en la prevención de accidentes futuros y en el aseguramiento de las actividades sometidas a un régimen de responsabilidad solidaria. / Amb freqüència, els danys que sofreixen les víctimes dels accidents poden posar-se a càrrec de vàries persones. L'ordenament jurídic espanyol no disposa, però, d'un règim que reguli les relacions dels corresponsables entre sí i les d'aquests amb la víctima comú. En el dret espanyol de danys, un nombrós grup de lleis especials i una jurisprudència ja consolidada han optat per imposar el règim de la solidaritat de deutors als supòsits de corresponsabilitat per un dany. La importació de la solidaritat als casos de cocausació d'un danys ha significat l'ampliació d'aquell règim jurídic a situacions no previstes a la minsa regulació del Codi civil. El treball analitza els efectes de la solució a la prevenció d'accidents futurs i a l'assegurament de les activitats sotmeses a un règim de responsabilitat solidària. / Joint and several liability is almost the default rule in cases with multiple tortfeasors in the Spanish law of torts. The traditional justification of the rule thinks on the victims and the advantage of one rule that permits to the victims to attack a variety of debtors. Anyway, the joint and several liability rule has an effect on the deterrence and in the insurance market. The work proposes an analysis of the joint and several liability among multiple tortfeasors from the tortfeasor perspective.

Univ., Diss.--Hamburg, 2003.