Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-266).

Submitted by Jessica Pavão Do Prado (prado.jessicapavao@gmail.com) on 2018-08-17T00:52:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Jessica Pavao do Prado.pdf: 766382 bytes, checksum: 6819f3e605d8522c00720b0893462537 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Neli Silvia Pereira null (nelisps@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-08-17T17:16:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_jp_me_jabo.pdf: 766382 bytes, checksum: 6819f3e605d8522c00720b0893462537 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T17:16:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_jp_me_jabo.pdf: 766382 bytes, checksum: 6819f3e605d8522c00720b0893462537 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Para avaliar o vigor de lotes de sementes são necessários testes de vigor rápidos e eficientes, entre eles destaca-se o teste de condutividade elétrica por ser capaz de detectar a deterioração de semente ainda em sua fase inicial, tendo em vista a desorganização das membranas celulares. Para o teste de condutividade elétrica se estabelecer como parte do programa de controle de qualidade nas empresas produtoras de sementes são necessárias informações que correlacionem níveis de condutividade elétrica com o potencial de desempenho da semente. Desta forma o presente trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da utilização do teste de condutividade elétrica como alternativa para avaliação de vigor de sementes de soja verificando sua relação com diferentes testes de vigor e assim sugerir valores de condutividade elétrica para determinação de valores ou faixa de valores que indicam o potencial de desempenho de um lote de sementes em campo. Para tanto, foram utilizadas sementes de soja de quatro cultivares - BRS 388 RR, BRS 1010 IPRO, BRS 1001 IPRO e BRS 1007 IPRO, cada um representado por 11 lotes divididos em quatro repetições. As sementes foram avaliadas por meio dos testes de: condutividade elétrica, germinação, tetrazólio, envelhecimento acelerado, primeira contagem de germinação, classificação do vigor de plântulas, emergência de plântulas em campo e emergência de plântulas em areia. Determinou-se também o teor de água das sementes. O teste de condutividade elétrica apresentou correlação significativa e negativa (p<0,01) para todos os testes avaliados. A análise de regressão linear possibilitou a separação dos lotes de sementes de vigor muito alto: CE < 70 μS.cm-1.g-1; alto: CE entre 71 a 90 μS.cm-1.g-1; médio: CE entre 91 a 110 μS.cm-1.g-1 e baixo: CE > 111 μS.cm-1.g-1. / In order to evaluate the vigor of seed lots, fast and efficient vigor tests are necessary, among them the electrical conductivity test, because it is able to detect the seed deterioration still in its initial phase, in view of the disorganization of the cellular membranes. For the electrical conductivity test to establish as part of the quality control program in the seed producing companies, information is required that correlate levels of electrical conductivity with the potential of seed performance. In this way the present work had the objective of the study of the use of the electrical conductivity test as an alternative to evaluate the vigor of soybean seeds, verifying its relation with different vigor tests and thus to suggest values of electrical conductivity for determination of values or range of values which indicate the potential performance of a field seed batch. For this, soybean seeds of four cultivars - BRS 388 RR, BRS 1010 IPRO, BRS 1001 IPRO and BRS 1007 IPRO were used, each represented by 11 lots divided into four replicates. The seeds were evaluated through the following tests: electric conductivity, germination, tetrazolium, accelerated aging, first germination count, seedling vigor classification, emergence of seedlings in the field and emergence of seedlings in sand. The water content of the seeds was also determined. The electrical conductivity test showed significant and negative correlation (p <0.01) for all tests evaluated. The linear regression analysis allowed the separation of seed lots of very high vigor: CE <70 μS.cm-1.g-1; high: CE between 71 to 90 μS.cm-1.g-1; mean: CE between 91 to 110 μS.cm-1.g-1 and low: CE> 111 μS.cm-1.g-1. / 1596391

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Energy production from coal comes with an environmental cost because of the toxic waste produced during coal combustion such as coal ash and brine which are potential water and soil pollutants. Coal ash and brine contain toxic elements which can leach and contaminate soils and ground water if not properly disposed. This study investigated the mobility of species in coal fly ash co-disposed with brine at Sasol Secunda power station in order to establish if the ash dam could act as a salt sink. The ash was dumped as a slurry with 5:1 brine/ash ratio and the dam was in operation for 20 years. It was hypothesized that the disposed Secunda fly ash was capable of leaching toxic metal elements into the surrounding soils and ground water and therefore could not be used as a long term sustainable salt sink. Weathered fly ash samples were collected along a 51 m depth core at the Secunda ash dam by drilling and sampling the ash at 1.5 m depth intervals. A fresh fly ash sample was collected from the hoppers in the ash collection system at the power station. Characterization of both Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash core samples was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for mineralogy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for chemical composition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology. Analysis of extracted pore water and moisture content determination of Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash core samples was done in order to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of the fly ash. The chemical partitioning and mobility of metal species in the ash dam was evaluated using the sequential extraction procedure. The XRD spectra revealed quartz, mullite and calcite as the dominant mineral phases in the weathered Secunda ash core samples while Secunda fresh ash contained quartz, mullite and lime. The major oxides identified by XRF analysis for both Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash include: SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CaO, Fe₂O₃, MgO, Na₂O, TiO₂ and K₂O. The minor oxides identified for both Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash were P₂O₅, SO₃ and MnO. The trace elements identified for both Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash were As, Ba, Ce, Co, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zr and Th. However, U was detected in some of the Secunda weathered ash samples but not in Secunda fresh ash. Both Secunda fresh ash and Secunda weathered ash was classified as class F based on the sum of the oxides of silicon, aluminium and iron by mass and the CaO content as reported by XRF analysis, and further classified as sialic and ferrocalsialic type highlighting the significant levels of Si, Al, Ca and Fe in the fly ash based on XRF analysis. The XRF analysis further showed that brine codisposal on the ash may have been responsible for the slight enrichment of some species such as Na, SO₄²⁻, Mg, K and V in the disposed Secunda weathered fly ash. However, there was no significant accumulation of these species in the disposed fly ash despite continuous addition of an estimated 117.65 billion litres of brine over the 20 year period that the dam existed. Furthermore, Secunda ash dam showed an overall total salt capture capacity of only -0.01 weight %, a strong indication that the ash dam was incapable of holding salts and would release elements to the environment over time. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed spherical particles with smooth outer surfaces for Secunda fresh ash while Secunda ash core samples consisted of agglomerated, irregular particles appearing to be encrusted, etched and corroded showing that weathering and leaching had occurred in the ash dam. A decrease in pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) was observed in Secunda ash core samples compared to Secunda fresh ash. While Secunda fresh ash (n = 3) had a pH of 12.38 ± 0.15, EC value of 4.98 ± 0.03 mS/cm and TDS value of 2.68 ± 0.03 g/L, the pH of Secunda ash core (n = 35) was 10.04 ± 0.50, the EC value was 1.08 ± 0.14 mS/cm and the TDS value was 0.64 ± 0.08 g/L. The lower pH in the ash dam created an environment conducive to the release of species through leaching, while the lower EC and TDS in the ash dam implied the loss of ionic species from the ash which resulted from leaching. The moisture content (MC) analysis indicated that Secunda ash dam was very damp with an average MC of 54.2 ± 12.66 % for Secunda ash core creating favourable conditions for leaching of species in the ash dam while Secunda fresh ash had MC of 1.8 ± 0.11 %. The bottom of Secunda ash dam appeared water logged which could cause slumping of the dam. The sequential extraction procedure revealed that the major and trace elements contained in both Secunda fresh fly ash and Secunda weathered fly ash could leach upon exposure to different environmental conditions. The elements showed partitioning between five geochemical phases i.e. water soluble fraction, exchangeable fraction, carbonate fraction, Fe & Mn fraction and residual fraction. The labile phases consisted of the water soluble fraction, exchangeable fraction and carbonate fraction. The % leached out in the labile phases was expressed as a fraction of each element‟s total content e.g. Si (6.15 %) meant that 6.15 % of the total amount of Si in the ash was released in the labile phases. Na was the most labile among the major elements in the ash dam while Si and Al which form the major aluminosilicate ash matrix also showed significant lability. The % leached out in the labile phases for these major elements was as follows: for Secunda fresh ash: Si (6.15 %), Al (7.84 %), Na (11.31 %); for weathered Secunda ash core samples (n = 35): Si (7.53 %), Al (8.12 %), Na (11.63 %). This study showed that the fly ash generated at Sasol Secunda power station could not be used as a long term sustainable salt sink. The wet disposal method used at Sasol Secunda power station poses a high risk of groundwater contamination due to the high liquid to solid ratio used to transport the ash for disposal, which may lead to rapid dissolution of all the soluble components in the fly ash. The large volumes of brine that pass through Secunda ash dam in the wet ash handling system present a greater environmental concern than the dry ash handling system which involves small amounts of brine entering the ash dump.

CHAVES, Luiz Carlos Guerreiro. Salinidade e impacto da irrigação no Distrito de Irrigação do Perímetro Araras Norte,Dipan, Ceará. 2006. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2006. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T18:30:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_lcgchaves.pdf: 2075253 bytes, checksum: f3e4558d39be5865189877527cf56530 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:19:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_lcgchaves.pdf: 2075253 bytes, checksum: f3e4558d39be5865189877527cf56530 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:19:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_lcgchaves.pdf: 2075253 bytes, checksum: f3e4558d39be5865189877527cf56530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o propósito de avaliar a adição de sais ao solo pela irrigação ao longo do tempo, em área cultivada com parreira, bem como o efeito das chuvas na lixiviação dos sais, tomando-se como referencial o status salino do solo da mata nativa. Foram avaliadas também a influência dos íons na condutividade elétrica do extrato de saturação do solo. O trabalho foi realizado em área localizada no Distrito de Irrigação do Perímetro Araras Norte (DIPAN), Ceará. A área vem sendo irrigada desde 2001 com água classificada como C1S2 e o sistema de irrigação empregado é a microaspersão. Para se monitor o movimento dos sais no perfil do solo foram coletadas amostras na área irrigada e na mata nativa para as camadas de 0 a 0,30 m; 0,30 a 0,60 m; 0,60 a 0,90 m e 0,90 a 1,20 m, no período de maio de 2003 a setembro de 2005, perfazendo um total de 120 amostras. Os atributos considerados neste estudo foram a Condutividade Elétrica (CE) e os íons Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ e Cl-. Para se qualificar o impacto da irrigação e o efeito das chuvas na lixiviação dos sais aplicou-se o teste t de Student ao nível de 1% para a comparação de médias de amostras independentes da CE, utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS v.10,0. Efetuou-se a identificação dos íons para os quais a CE apresentou maior sensibilidade às profundidades de 0 a 0,30 m; 0,30 a 0,60 m; 0,60 a 0,90 m e 0,90 a 1,20 m. Os resultados mostraram concentrações de sais maiores na área irrigada do que na mata nativa para todas as camadas estudadas, sendo que as maiores diferenças foram registradas para a camada de 0 a 0,30 m. O magnésio foi o íon que apresentou maior influência nos valores de condutividade elétrica, enquanto o cloreto apresentou baixa concentração nas camadas inferiores. O maior incremento de íons na área irrigada em relação à mata nativa ocorreu com o cálcio. Os sais totais retidos no solo da área irrigada apresentaram diferença significativa ao nível de 1% quando comparados com os da mata nativa. A pluviometria total anual não foi suficiente para promover uma lixiviação significativa dos sais adicionados ao solo pela irrigação. O impacto da irrigação mostrou-se altamente significativo expressando risco de salinização da área irrigada.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carbonari_ca_dr_botfca.pdf: 1217670 bytes, checksum: 6d407192dfb369e22834aa0573d37fba (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na cultura da cana-de-açúcar a dinâmica dos herbicidas no ambiente e no solo pode ser afetada pelo sistema de produção agrícola adotado em relação à presença ou ausência de palha sobre o solo. A interceptação dos herbicidas pela palha pode promover a retenção e a exposição dos herbicidas a condições favoráveis à fotodegradação e volatilização até que seja levado ao solo, onde pode sofrer processos de sorção, lixiviação e/ou degradação por efeitos físicos, químicos e biológicos, além de ser absorvido pelas plantas daninhas e/ou plantas cultivadas. Estes processos desempenham um papel importante, pois determinam a quantidade do produto que estará disponível na solução do solo, em quantidades suficientes para promover o controle das plantas daninhas e garantir a seletividade à cultura e a segurança ambiental. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a lixiviação e disponibilidade do herbicida amicarbazone no solo quando aplicado em diferentes sistemas de produção da cultura da cana-de-açúcar em relação à presença de palhada sobre o solo e estabelecer uma correlação entre os níveis de amicarbazone nos diferentes sistemas produtivos e o controle de plantas daninhas da cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de solo de 0 a 10, 10 a 20 e 20 a 40 cm de profundidade, em cinco experimentos conduzidos em áreas de cana crua em diferentes épocas, com aplicações do herbicida amicarbazone realizadas nos dias 27 de junho, 31 de agosto, 03 de outubro, 20 de outubro e 23 de novembro. Em cada um dos experimentos foram testadas as aplicações do herbicida amicarbazone na 2 dose de 1050 g ha-1, sob a palha de cana (aplicação na colhedora), sobre a palha e em área sem palha. Foram avaliados os níveis de controle de Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, Ipomoea quamoclit L., Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth., Merremia cissoides... / The herbicides dynamics in the environment and soil cultivated with sugarcane, can be very affected by the crop production system adopted in relation to the presence or absence of straw on the ground. The herbicide interception by straw may promote the herbicide retention and exposition to favorable conditions for the photodegradation and volatilization until it is taken to the soil, where it can suffer processes of sorption, leaching and/or degradation by physical, chemical and biological effects, and be absorbed by weeds and crops. In the sugarcane culture these processes are very important, because they determine the product amount that will be available in the soil solution, in enough quantities to promote the weed control, the herbicide selectivity and environment safety. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the amicarbazone leaching and availability in the soil, when applied in the different sugarcane 4 production systems in relation to the presence of the straw on the ground and to establish a correlation between the amicarbazone levels in different systems and the control of the most important weeds of the sugarcane. Soil samples were collected in the depths from 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm, in five experiments and application timings in the locations of São Paulo State – Brazil, with the applications on June 27th, August 31st, October 3rd and 20th and November 23rd. Two treatments without the application of the herbicide (with and without the mulch) were also set up to referee the efficacy evaluations. An evaluation was done for the control to the Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea quamoclit, Merremia cissoides, Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa, Brachiaria decumbens, Panicum maximum and Digitaria spp and 80 soil samples were collected at each depth in each treatment at different periods. A method for extraction of soil solution by cartridges... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000773278_20180219.pdf: 476686 bytes, checksum: 6e5775b02410b85dbee6fa185b69ccfc (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-02-23T13:06:32Z: 000773278_20180219.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-02-23T13:07:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000773278.pdf: 3882989 bytes, checksum: 75667e8c9a8c2a3a7f503d07d51be90f (MD5) / As fontes naturais de minérios sulfetados vêm se esgotando rapidamente devido à demanda por metais nas indústrias de bens de produção e de consumo. O cobre é um dos metais de maior interesse econômico. Cerca de 70% deste metal é encontrado na natureza na forma de calcopirita (CuFeS2), contudo é o mineral que possui maiores limitações em sua extração. Dentre os processos de extração têm-se a biolixiviação, que utiliza micro-organismos capazes de promoverem a solubilização de metais pela oxidação de sulfetos metálicos, apresentando vantagens em relação às técnicas já utilizadas, principalmente de cunho econômico e ambiental. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do potencial de óxido-redução na solubilização de cobre a partir da calcopirita. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de oxidação de íons ferrosos na presença e ausência do mineral. A bactéria utilizada nos ensaios foi a Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans - LR, espécie acidófila mais estudada e mais encontrada em ambientes de mina. A amostra de calcopirita, proveniente da localidade de La Chorrera, na Colômbia, foi analisada por difração de raios-X (DRX) e evidenciou a presença dominante de calcopirita. Os ensaios de oxidação foram realizados em frascos, agitados a 150 rpm, a 30ºC sob diferentes concentrações de íons ferrosos (100, 200 e 300 mmol L-1) em meio T&K. Aos sistemas foram adicionados 2,5% (m/v) de calcopirita e 5% (v/v) do inóculo fresco de A. ferrooxidans. Nas condições abióticas, em todas as concentrações de Fe2+, o potencial redox atingiu, em média, 420 mV (Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat)), e foram os sistemas que apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de recuperação de cobre, sendo elas 73%, 90% e 78%, respectivamente, após 100 dias de ensaio. Contudo, os sistemas que continham bactéria apresentaram uma recuperação ínfima de cobre, chegando a apenas 17%, em um potencial médio... / Natural sources of sulfide ores come depleting rapidly due to the demand for metal goods industries in production and consumption. Copper is a metal of greater economic interest. About 70% of this metal is found in nature in the form of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), however it is the mineral that present a major limitations in its extraction. One of the extraction processes is bioleaching, which uses microorganisms capable of promoting the solubilization of metals by metal sulfides oxidation and presents advantages over the common techniques used, mainly for economic and environmental nature. In this context, the present work was carrying out to evaluate the influence of the redox potential in the solubilization of copper from chalcopyrite. For this, ferrous ions oxidation tests were conducted in the presence and absence of the mineral. The bacterium used in the tests was Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans - LR, the acidophilic species most studied and most commonly found in mine environments. A sample of chalcopyrite from La Chorrera, Colombia, was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and showed the dominant presence of chalcopyrite. Ferrous ions oxidation tests were carried out in shaken flasks at 150 rpm, at 30 ºC using different concentrations of ferrous ions (100, 200, and 300 mmol L-1) in T&K medium. The systems were supplied with 2,5% (w/v) of chalcopyrite and 5% (v/v) of A. ferrooxidans fresh inoculum. At the abiotic conditions, the redox potential achieved 420 mV (Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat)) in all ferrous ions concentrations. Besides, these systems showed the highest copper recovery concentrations, such 73%, 90% and 78%, respectively, after 100 days of testing. However, the bacterial systems showed a low copper recovery, about 17% in a redox potential of 610 mV (Ag|AgCl|KCl(sat)). The solid residues were evaluated by XRD and showed, at abiotic conditions the formation of elemental sulfur, jarositas and a significant decrease in chalcopyrite’s...

abstract: With the application of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in the wastewater treatment and seawater desalination, the limitation of flux and fouling problems of RO have gained more attention from researchers. Because of the tunable structure and physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, it is a suitable material that can be used to incorporate with RO to change the membrane performances. Silver is biocidal, which has been used in a variety of consumer products. Recent studies showed that fabricating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on membrane surfaces can mitigate the biofouling problem on the membrane. Studies have shown that Ag released from the membrane in the form of either Ag ions or AgNP will accelerate the antimicrobial activity of the membrane. However, the silver release from the membrane will lower the silver loading on the membrane, which will eventually shorten the antimicrobial activity lifetime of the membrane. Therefore, the silver leaching amount is a crucial parameter that needs to be determined for every type of Ag composite membrane. This study is attempting to compare four different silver leaching test methods, to study the silver leaching potential of the silver impregnated membranes, conducting the advantages and disadvantages of the leaching methods. An In-situ reduction Ag loaded RO membrane was examined in this study. A custom waterjet test was established to create a high-velocity water flow to test the silver leaching from the nanocomposite membrane in a relative extreme environment. The batch leaching test was examined as the most common leaching test method for the silver composite membrane. The cross-flow filtration and dead-end test were also examined to compare the silver leaching amounts. The silver coated membrane used in this experiment has an initial silver loading of 2.0± 0.51 ug/cm2. The mass balance was conducted for all of the leaching tests. For the batch test, water jet test, and dead-end filtration, the mass balances are all within 100±25%, which is acceptable in this experiment because of the variance of the initial silver loading on the membranes. A bad silver mass balance was observed at cross-flow filtration. Both of AgNP and Ag ions leached in the solution was examined in this experiment. The concentration of total silver leaching into solutions from the four leaching tests are all below the Secondary Drinking Water Standard for silver which is 100 ppb. The cross-flow test is the most aggressive leaching method, which has more than 80% of silver leached from the membrane after 50 hours of the test. The water jet (54 ± 6.9% of silver remaining) can cause higher silver leaching than batch test (85 ± 1.2% of silver remaining) in one-hour, and it can also cause both AgNP and Ag ions leaching from the membrane, which is closer to the leaching condition in the cross-flow test. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscojr_we_me_araiq.pdf: 572574 bytes, checksum: 2c57de58f563457427fe3f4ad3a05e17 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A lixiviação bacteriana, ou biolixiviação é um processo biotecnológico que se fundamenta na utilização de microorganismos capazes de solubilizar metais pela oxidação de sulfetos metálicos, sendo nos dias atuais, uma das mais importantes alternativas para a extração de metais, sobretudo do ponto de vista ambiental e econômico. Uma das principais espécies utilizada neste processo é o Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, uma bactéria aeróbia, mesofílica e acidofílica, que obtém energia pela oxidação de substratos inorgânicos, basicamente o íon ferroso e compostos reduzidos de enxofre. Todavia, a interação dessa espécie com os sulfetos metálicos é um assunto ainda pouco entendido e de muita controvérsia na literatura. Com intuito de melhor entender estas diferenças, o presente trabalho estudou a oxidação da molibdenita (MoS2) e da covelita (CuS) pelo A. ferrooxidans linhagem LR em algumas condições fisiológicas, destacando-se a fonte energética de crescimento (íon ferroso e S0) e a remoção das substâncias exopoliméricas (EPS) para células crescidas em íon ferroso. A cinética de oxidação destes sulfetos também foi avaliada. Tais estudos foram realizados pela técnica de respirometria celular, que permite avaliar rapidamente a oxidação do substrato a partir de medidas de oxigênio consumido pela bactéria. Em todas as condições testadas a covelita apresentou significativa diferença de oxidação pelo A. ferroxidans LR em comparação com a molibdenita. A análise da cinética de oxidação dos sulfetos demonstrou que a molibdenita apresenta uma cinética que segue Michaelis-Menten, o mesmo não acontecendo para a covelita, provavelmente devido a forma com que estes sulfetos reagem ao ataque químico-bacteriano, fato determinado pelas estruturas eletrônicas dos sulfetos minerais. / Bacterial leaching or bioleaching is a biotechnological process that applies microorganisms able to solubilize metals by metallic sulfides oxidation. This process is nowadays one of the most important alternatives for recovering metals, mainly by environmental and economic aspects. One of the most important bacteria employed in this process is Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. It is a gram-negative, acidophilic, aerobic and chemoautotrophic bacteria that obtain energy by the oxidation of inorganic substrates like ferrous ion and reduced sulfur compounds, including metal sulfides. Nevertheless, the interaction of this specie with metallic sulfides remains unclear. With the aim to understand these interactions, the present work has studied the covellite (CuS) and molydenite (MoS2) oxidation by A. ferrooxidans strain LR under different physiological conditions such as the source energy for growth (S0 and ferrous ion) and the removal of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These studies were performed by respirometric technique tha t allow evaluating very quickly the substrate oxidation by oxygen uptake measures. For all essays realized it was observed that the efficiency of covellite oxidation by A. ferrooxidans LR is much better than molybdenite. On the kinetic oxidation analyses, molybdenite revealed to be according to Michaelis-Menten substrate saturate kinetic. On the other hand, covellite was not in agreement with Michalis-Menten kinetic. This finding is probably associated with the pathway which these minerals sulfide react to chemistry-bacterial attack, what is influenced by electronic structures of mineral sulfides. Regarding essays performed with cells of A. ferrooxidans strain LR grown with different substrates (ferrous ion and sulfur) and to essays which EPS of bacterial cells were removed, the results obtained did not show differences in covellite oxidation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:49:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 togoro_ah_me_jabo.pdf: 444119 bytes, checksum: a0e39ab2c0e1b704f92b211f418992d7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, sendo um deles com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de concentrações de extrato pirolenhoso (EP) na movimentação de íons no perfil do solo e verificar as alterações nas propriedades químicas do mesmo, e o outro para verificar os efeitos do EP na nutrição, produção, classificação e características de sabor (sólidos solúveis total e acidez titulável) em plantas de tomateiro do grupo cereja, cultivados em ambiente protegido. No primeiro experimento, colunas desmontáveis foram preenchidas com Latossolo Vermelho e submetidas à aplicação de soluções com concentrações de EP (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 % v/v) para avaliar 4 profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm). Posteriormente foi realizada a lixiviação das colunas com aplicação de água deionizada na quantidade de uma vez e meia do volume de poros. Imediatamente após a lixiviação, tanto o lixiviado como o solo das diferentes profundidades foram coletados e analisados. A aplicação de 4 e 8% (v/v) de EP provocou diminuição no pH do solo nas camadas de 0-10 e 10-20cm com reflexo na lixiviação de K, Ca e Mg, além de aumento de Mn, Cu e Zn disponível no solo. O SO42- movimentou-se no solo independente da aplicação de EP, mas sua disponibilidade diminui com o aumento das concentrações de EP. A aplicação de 8% (v/v) de EP provocou diminuição de P nas camadas de 0-10 e 10-20cm com aumento na camada de 30-40cm e no lixiviado. No segundo experimento, plantas de tomateiro do grupo cereja foram cultivadas em solo tratado com 5 concentrações de EP (0; 1; 2; 4; 8% v/v), na presença e ausência de pulverização de EP (0,1% v/v) na parte aérea. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos do solo, acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea, diâmetro de haste, área foliar, teor foliar e acúmulo de nutrientes da parte aérea e também distribuição dos... / Two experiments were carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of Pyroligneous Acid (PA) concentrations on the ions movement in the soil profile and it’s possible chemical properties changes, and also to evaluate the effect of PA on nutrition, production, classification and taste characteristics (total soluble solids and titratable acidity) on cherry tomato plants cultivated with PA in a greenhouse. The first experiment, columns were filled with Oxisol submitted to application of solution with PA concentrations (0,1, 2, 4 and 8% v/v), to evaluate four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm). Following, the columns were leached by application of deionized water at 1 ½ amount of its pores volume. Immediately after leaching, both the volume recovered as the soils recovered from different depths were collected and analyzed. The application of PA at 4 and 8% (v/v) promoted pH soil decrease at 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers reflecting on K, Ca, and Mg leaching, and an increase on Mn, Cu and Zn available in soil. The SO42- moved in the soil independently to PA application, however, its availability decreased with PA increasing concentrations. The application of 8% (v/v) PA promoted a decrease on P layers at 0-10 and 10-20 cm, but an increase on 30-40 and on the leached was observed. The second experiment, cherry tomato plants were cultivated in soil and treated with 5 PA concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4.8% v/v) and in the presence and absence of spraying 0.1% v/v PA on shoots. The soil chemical properties, shoots dry mass, stem diameter, leaf area, foliar nutrient accumulation content of aerial portion, fruit size distribution, fruits total numbers, fruits fresh mass, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) were evaluated. The PA application on soils of the ground up to a concentration of 2% (v/v) did not cause... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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