In 1976 the Leicestershire Probation Service established a two-tier system for its work in the assessment and supervision of offenders. The first tier, the Court Intake and Assessment Team, prepared Social Enquiry Reports on offenders not known or not currently being supervised by the agency. If the court made a supervision order the case was transferred to the Treatment Teams, the second tier, who carried out the supervision. Previous research had only examined the work of the intake team in isolation. The aim of this thesis was to examine the intake team in the context of the treatment teams, the offenders and the expectations placed upon it by the agency. The main purpose of the thesis was to trace and evaluate the offender's career with the Probation Service from his original contact with an Intake Officer for the preparation of the report to the supervision he received by the Treatment Team officer. Within that main aim are several important areas. These were whether, by setting up a specialist report-writing team, the courts received reports of higher quality than hitherto and whether the intake team was gearing its recommendations to include or exclude particular types of offenders. The concept of targeting became an important issue within the thesis. The thesis shows how a needs/risk scale used at the report-preparation stage could assist officers in targeting offenders for supervision. The examination of the use of labelling within reports and case records, the transfer process that existed and the amount of supervision offered showed up serious flaws in the intake system. Furthermore, the thesis showed that the intake system created tensions for the officers working within it, especially the Treatment Team ones. The conclusion of the thesis is that the intake system as researched should either be disbanded or seriously modified.

No description available.

No description available.

Inaug.-diss.--Jena. / Lebenslauf. "Litteratur": p. [xiii]-xiv.

A study of the history of the book trade (printing, bookselling, stationery and publishing) in Leicester, from the medieval beginnings of the trade (parchment making etc. ) up to cl 850. The development of the book trade is examined in its local, regional and national contexts, including cultural, social and economic aspects, with the aim of contributing to the growing corpus of historical study of the provincial book trade in England, which has developed considerably over the last thirty years. Extensive use has been made of primary source material, not least the Borough Records of Leicester including the registers of freemen and apprentices, newspaper advertisements, extant locally-printed books and other material. More than three hundred book-trade individuals have been identified. The activities of the leading practitioners are explored, including the stock and services they provided, the economics of their trading activity, their standing in the town (many held civic office), and their interaction within the business community. The impact of the book trade and the printed word in Leicester are discussed, as are other significant aspects of the trade such as the importance of family businesses, the role of women, and the handing on of trade skills from master to apprentice. In the last decade of the eighteenth century and the first part of the nineteenth, the striking contrast between the conservatism of the old Corporation and the strident radicalism, and religious dissent, of many Leicester people provides a vibrant setting for the activities of booksellers, printers and newspaper publishers. Many of the town's leading book-trade practitioners were politically radical - an interesting and historically important dimension to the later development of the book trade in Leicester, to a degree seldom found elsewhere.

During the fourteenth century in England there began a movement referred to as Lollardy. Throughout history, Lollardy has been viewed as a precursor to the Protestant Reformation. There has been a long ongoing debate among scholars trying to identify the extent of Lollard beliefs among the English. Attempting to identify who was a Lollard has often led historians to look at the trial records of those accused of being Lollards. One aspect overlooked in these studies is the role civic authorities, like the mayor of a town, played in the heresy trials of suspected Lollards. Contrary to existing beliefs that the Lollards were marginalized figures, the mayors' willingness to defend them against Church prosecution implies that either Lollard sympathies were more widespread than previously noted or Lollards were being inaccurately identified in the court records. This contradicts scholars' previous view that English religious views were clearly divided between Lollards and non-Lollards, providing depth and additional support to very recent work emphasizing the complexity of religious identity during the period immediately preceding the Reformation.

No description available.

This thesis represents an attempt to encourage a new perspective on health in the late-eighteenth and nineteenth century by concentrating on the ‘mundane maladies’ of the middle classes. The conventional approach to studies of urban health has been to concentrate on the killer diseases of the period. Thus tuberculosis, cholera and typhoid have all received much attention. But what about the everyday experience of health and illness? It is largely unrecorded as the occasional bout of stomach ache, constipation or chesty cough was rarely thought to be noteworthy, except by the odd hypochondriac. However, with the aid of advertisements for health and beauty products published in the provincial press, it is possible to explore the experience of less dramatic and less debilitating ailments. This study, therefore, has analysed the language and strategies employed by advertisers of health and beauty products and services to gain a clearer understanding of the middle-class experience of health and ill-health. Whilst product names and descriptions reveal the range of ‘mundane maladies’ that beset the middle classes, the language employed to sell them offers an indication of the public’s beliefs and expectations surrounding health. Attention has also been paid on how beauty products were employed to manage external appearances. As towns and cities grew during the late-eighteenth and nineteenth century, individuals increasingly judged others by their appearance. By analysing the language used to sell beauty products, it is possible to gain an insight into how members of the middle class wished to be perceived.

No description available.

No description available.