The Global Positioning System has all heights referred to the ellipsoid. However, for engineering applications it is necessary to have heights related to the earth gravitational field, which have physical meaning. In order to determine the orthometric height from the geoidal height, which is given at the GPS, it is necessary to know the geoidal undulation. The objective of this paper is to compare an empiric model of local geoidal undulation with a native model present in handheld GPS model GARMIN 12XL and the software call MAPGEO2004 IBGE. A test poligonal had been seted up in the campus of Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), in Santiago, RS. The poligonal was leveled and all the poligonal vertices had their orthometric heights determinated. The model for geoidal undulation present in the GARMIN receivers was accessed by a software developed by Geomatics Laboratory at UFSM. Using this program, all geoidal undulations were recorded for each surveyed point. Geoidal undulation with MAPGEO2004 have been obtained from the points geographic coordinates as inputs to the program. Empiric models were developed for the local geoidal undulation, which were compared to the GARMIN 12XL and MAGEO2004 models. The results analyses were conducted with a linear regression between all the three models and the traditional leveling. The results indicate a high correlation has been observed between the empirical model for geoidal undulation and the MAPGEO2004 program. However, there has been no adjust between orthometrics heights of the empirical model and those determined by the handheld receiver / O sistema GPS fornece altitudes referenciadas ao elipsóide. No entanto, para aplicações em engenharia, necessita-se de altitudes relacionadas com o campo gravitacional terrestre, que possuem ligação com a realidade física. Desse modo, para determinar as altitudes ortométricas a partir das altitudes geométricas, determinadas com o GPS, é preciso, conhecer a ondulação geoidal. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o desempenho de um modelo empírico de ondulação geoidal local com o modelo nativo de receptores de navegação modelo Garmin 12XL e o programa MAPGEO2004 - IBGE. Para tanto, foi instalada uma poligonal teste dentro do campus da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI), em Santiago, RS. Na mesma, foi executado um nivelamento de precisão para a determinação das altitudes ortométricas dos vértices. O modelo de ondulação geoidal existente nos receptores GPS modelo GARMIN 12XL, foi acessado por meio de um programa desenvolvido no Laboratório de Geomática da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). Por meio deste programa, foram gravadas as ondulações geoidais dadas pelo equipamento para cada ponto rastreado. No programa MAPGEO2004 as ondulações geoidais foram obtidas a partir da entrada das coordenadas curvilíneas latitude e longitude dos pontos de interesse. Foram desenvolvidos modelos empíricos para a ondulação geoidal local, que posteriormente foram comparados com os oriundos do GARMIN 12 XL e do MAOGEO2004. A análise dos resultados foi realizada a partir de uma regressão linear entre cada um dos três modelos e o nivelamento tradicional com nível de precisão. Os resultados levantados apontam uma alta correlação entre o modelo empírico de ondulação geoidal local e o programa MAPGEO2004. No entanto, não houve um bom ajuste entre as altitudes ortométricas do modelo empírico e aquelas determinadas pelo receptor GPS de navegação GARMIN 12XL

The purpose of the diploma thesis is the design of condensing steam turbine for driving a compressor with mechanical power of 14,5 MW and operating speed 6800 rotations per minute on the compressor clutch. The main part is the thermodynamic calculation of the blade canal, which is verified with strength calculation to meet the requirements of the standart API 612. The next part is a basic design of gland sealing system, including a piston which is leveling the axial force with reusage of steam back to the blade canal. This thesis includes a calculation of axial and radial forces including the choice of suitable bearing, which both support the turbine. In the end there is an operating characteristics and function reliability of rising rotating speed on the total stress of blades.

The diploma thesis deals with the study of the influence of composition and curing of self-leveling cement screeds on their properties in the early stage of maturation. Within this work, various concepts of ensuring the volume stability of cement self-leveling screeds were verified. An anti-shrink additive based on neopentyl glycol and an expansion additive based on hard-burnt lime were used as modifiers. The reduction of plastic and overall shrinkage using various types of liquid membrane-forming compounds was verified on the most volume-stable screed using the optical dilatometry method. The effectiveness of the individual solutions was monitored by continuous measurement of the intensity of evaporation from the screed surface. Subsequently, the effect of membrane-forming compounds on the residual moisture of the cured treated cement self-leveling screed was measured by the carbide method and also the effect of this curing on the adhesion of bonded ceramic tiles.

The subject of the diploma thesis is a height measurement done within several time periods, in order to detect vertical displacements of an object of dormitories of JAMU on Novobranska street in Brno. The thesis includes selection of the method and its accuracy verification and also processing of the measurements and suitable interpretation of achieved results.

The content of this master´s thesis is a geodetic measuring of movements and deformations of skeleton and underwork of „Gagarin“ railway bridge during the seventh period and processing of the data got. This was done by comparison of the movements according to the fifth and sixth period. The work includes also the calibration of appliance used. The results involve figures of the movements with their graphic interpretation and calibration sheets of the appliance.

Tension leveling is a process used in the steel industry in order to eliminate any shape imperfections of cold-rolled thin strips. The master thesis deals with developing a computer program that generates basic parameters of tension leveling line. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes the types of the shape imperfections in strips, their causes and the principles of their elimination. This part also presents the mechanism of tension leveling and describes the present-day design of tension levelers. The practical part of the thesis starts with an analytical description of stress-strain behaviour of strip during tension leveling (supposing the simplified conditions). A computer program that allows devising basic parameters of tension leveling line is created on the basis of these analytical relations. The program results are successfully verified by numerical model based on the finite element method (FEM) created in the program ANSYS. Then the interdependencies of certain input and output parameters of created program are determined. These interdependencies can be used as effective design of tension leveling lines.

The subject of dissertation is a study of physic-mechanical properties and development of self-leveling polymer-cement composite of the ternary binder system PC-CAC-CS modified with chemical additives and polymeric substances. The dissertation systematically describes a four-step optimalization of the composite considering its key properties. Experimental part has been focused on monitoring the impact of composite components on selected final properties. Basic physico-mechanical, structural properties and its relations (compressive strength, porosity, flow abilities, setting times) have been analyzed for deeper understanding of the effects of individual composite components. Methods which quantify the existence of the newly formed hydration product – ettringite (XRD, SEM with EDS, calorimetry, dilatometry) has been chosen as additional study methods on selected combinations. A working prototype of self-leveling polymer-cement composite was successfully developed based on systematic process and using of testing procedures and measuring methods.

The thesis deals with the development of self-leveling cement screed with compensated shrinkage. It is a ternary binder system with the majority of portland cement, that in the beginning of setting and hardening form an expandable folder ettringite. At first there was a background research of volume changes of hydrating cement composites and methods for measuring these changes. Various sort of expansion additives were also introduced, the main emphasis was on concepts of calculated formation of ettringite, which are typical for self-leveling underlayment. Background research included the issues of formation of ettringite, influences on it’s nucleation and it’s stability. The practical development of the screed began by measuring volume changes of different pastes on a ternary composition. Selected formulations suitable for use are verified together with additives to semi-application tests. After the final configuration of the screed mixture, there was a test in real application of an representative area. Individual formulations were tested in terms of long-term stability of ettringite in dry and moist environments.

This diploma thesis deals with influence of modifying additives on achieved properties of anhydrite binders. The first part is focused on funamentals of anhydrite binders. Ist second part introduces anhydrite under-layments and their standard requirements. The experimental part is dedicated to anhydrite binders modyfyied by plasticizers, while their final properties are compared.

Einleitung: Der vordere Kreuzbandriss ist die häufigste Lahmheitsursache der Hintergliedmaße beim Hund und führt zu einer Kniegelenksinstabilität im Sinne einer kranio-kaudalen Translationsbewegung. Die Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) ist eine der populärsten Operationsmethoden zur dynamischen Stabilisierung des kaninen Kniegelenks nach einer Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes. Postoperativ kommt es bei Anwendung dieser Technik häufig zu einer Verdickung des Ligamentum patellae (Lig. patellae). Diese kann asymptomatisch sein, aber auch mit einer Lahmheit und Druckdolenz im Sinne einer Tendinose einhergehen. Ziele der Untersuchungen: Die Ziele der vorliegenden Arbeit waren die Bestimmung der Prävalenz einer kranio-kaudalen Instabilität des kaninen Kniegelenks bei kompletter Ruptur des vorderen Kreuzbandes vor und nach der TPLO sowie die Bestimmung der Prävalenz und Risikofaktoren einer Verdickung des Ligamentum patellae bei diesen Gelenken. Tiere und Methoden: Insgesamt wurden 37 Kniegelenke mit einer kompletten vorderen Kreuzbandruptur untersucht. Dabei wurden die Daten von 21 Kniegelenken retrospektiv ausgewertet und für 16 Kniegelenke prospektiv erhoben. Zur Sicherung der Diagnose und Beurteilung der Menisken wurden alle Kniegelenke zehn bis 14 Tage vor der Stabilisierung arthroskopiert. War eine Meniskuspathologie vorhanden, wurde eine Teilmeniskektomie durchgeführt. In der retrospektiven Gruppe wurde im Rahmen der TPLO ein postoperativer Tibiaplateauwinkel (TPA) von 5° und in der prospektiven Gruppe von 0° angestrebt. Die Patienten wurden präoperativ und im Zeitraum von sechs bis acht Wochen nach einer TPLO mit Hilfe der uniplanaren fluoroskopischen Kinematografie auf einem Laufband untersucht. Es erfolgte eine visuelle, quantitative Auswertung der entstandenen Videosequenzen durch zwei unabhängige Untersucher, wobei eine sichtbare kranio-kaudale Translationsbewegung als Kniegelenksinstabilität gewertet wurde. Zusätzlich wurde eine Vermessung zur Beurteilung der postoperativen Verdickung des Ligamentum patellae bei 36 der 37 Kniegelenke an einem proximalen und einem distalen Messpunkt durchgeführt. Diese Messung erfolgte ebenfalls präoperativ und im Zeitraum von sechs bis acht Wochen nach der TPLO. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt waren 28 von 37 Kniegelenken in der Sagittalebene stabil (75,68 %). In der prospektiven Gruppe traten signifikant häufiger stabile Kniegelenke auf (p = 0,02). Der postoperative TPA war in der prospektiven Gruppe signifikant kleiner als in der retrospektiven Gruppe (p = 0,01). Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Stabilität steigt bei niedrigem postoperativen TPA an (Steigungsparameter −0,22, p = 0,03). Es konnte kein statistisch signifikanter Einfluss des Rotationswinkels auf die Kniegelenksstabilität festgestellt werden (p = 0,42). Zwischen Meniskusteilresektion und postoperativer Stabilität konnte ebenfalls kein statistisch signifikanter Zusammenhang ermittelt werden (p = 0,63). Bei allen Kniegelenken fand nach der TPLO eine Verdickung des Lig. patellae statt. Diese war am distalen Messpunkt stärker als proximal (p = 0,00). Zwischen den beiden Gruppen war kein signifikanter Unterschied bezüglich der Dickenzunahme der Patellarsehne zu verzeichnen (p = 0,13). Bei einem niedrigeren postoperativen TPA zeigte sich eine signifikante Zunahme der Verdickung des Lig. patellae an beiden Messpunkten (proximal: p = 0,02; distal: p = 0,03). Es zeigte sich außerdem eine tendenziell stärkere Dickenzuname am distalen Messpunkt bei einer schmalen Tuberositas tibiae (Steigungsparameter −0,08, p = 0,54) und an beiden Messpunkten bei einem hohen Rotationswinkel (Steigungsparameter 0,10, proximal: p = 0,18; distal: p = 0,09). Schlussfolgerung: Da in der prospektiven Gruppe ein postoperativer TPA von 0° angestrebt wurde, wurden auch signifikant kleinere TPA und mehr stabile Kniegelenke als in der retrospektiven Gruppe erzielt. Der Rotationswinkel und die Meniskusteilresektion haben keinen Einfluss auf die kranio-kaudale Kniegelenksstabilität nach einer TPLO. Bei allen Kniegelenken fand eine Verdickung des Lig. patellae postoperativ statt, die am distalen Messpunkt stärker war. Einen Risikofaktor dafür stellt ein niedriger postoperativer TPA dar. Die kraniokaudale Ausdehnung der Tuberositas tibiae nach der Osteotomie und der Rotationswinkel scheinen einen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung einer solchen Verdickung zu haben. Für die Beurteilung der klinischen Relevanz dessen sind weiterführende Studien notwendig.