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Drawing upon court files in the Liaoning Provincial Archives, this dissertation addresses the question of the transformation of the civil justice system in Fengtian Province in the early twentieth century. Fengtian Province was among the few provinces where judicial-legal reforms were first launched during the late Qing's New Policies period. In the early Republic, judicial-legal reforms were continuously pursued under the governance of the warlord Zhang Zuolin. The accommodation of judicial-legal modernity within warlord politics was a result of the simultaneous presence of local elite activism, nationalism and the dominance of republican ideology. / To demonstrate judicial-legal modernity in this frontier province, this dissertation covers four main areas: the bureaucratization of the court system and mediation mechanism; the formalization of civil procedures; the "discovery" and modernization of custom in judicial process; and the narrowing of the power disparity in gender in divorce law and practice. / The bureaucratization of the court system reveals not only the tendency of separating judicial power from executive power, but also the professionalization of judicial officials, including lower-level judicial personnel. The bureaucratization of mediation locates the point at wards under the ward-village system implemented in the 1920s by the Fengtian provincial authority. The ward head, as a salaried sub-village government official was able to exercise his power to mediate civil disputes. This point epitomizes the early effort made by the modern state to interfere in the arena of popular justice. The formalization of civil procedures reflects the transformation of court practice from a simple, customary way of finding facts and applying laws to a practice guided by a complex, codified procedural law based on a Germanic-Japanese model. In speaking of the "discovery" and modernization of custom, I address not only the phenomena of "discovering" local customs and recognizing them as a source of authority for adjudicating cases by judges who had modern legal training, but also of the elaborate, selective screening policy towards custom, ushered in by the Supreme Court due to their concern with public policy and social morals. Narrowing the power disparity in gender is examined in the light of changes to divorce law and practice. By following the precedents laid down by the Supreme Court, the lower courts attempted to readdress the unbalanced power relationship between men and women inherited from Qing law.

published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

Abstract This research have primarily compared with the Shenyang and Dalian in Liaoning. Because most of recent research focused on difference of economical development between the province and other one in China. Actually the difference of economical development also existed in the province of China. This research try to compared the difference of economical development between two cities by national policy¡Busing of foreign direct investment and strategy of city management. The three factors could be analyzed the difference of economical development in Liaoning

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed December 13, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 414-443).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1997. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Date on certificate page and copyright date 1996. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-284). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ27316.

Texte remanié de: Dissertation--Ann Arbor--University of Michigan, 1990? / Bibliogr. p. 145-157.

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / China Area Studies / Master / Master of Arts

Chinese college students' 1993 perceptions of gains in achievement as a result of informal student-faculty relations outside the classroom were investigated at Liaoning Normal College of Foreign Language in Liaoyang, China. This study included assessment of pre-enrollment demographics and analyzed perceived gains due to student-faculty informal contact in the areas of academic achievement, intellectual achievement, and personal development.