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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

SÃntese e caracterizaÃÃo de Surfactantes Alquil GlicosÃdicos derivados da amilose extraÃda da batata inglesa (Solanum Tuberosum L.) / Synthesis and characterization of alkyl surfactantes glicosÃdicos derivatives of amilose extracted of the english potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

Francisco CÃlio Feitosa de FranÃa 21 August 2002 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os alquilglicosÃdeos constituem uma nova e interessante classe de surfactantes por serem biodegradÃveis, atÃxicos e sintetizados a partir de fontes renovÃveis e abundantes na natureza. Estas propriedades os tornam potencialmente mais apropriados que outros surfactantes os quais prejudicam o meio ambiente. O presente trabalho trata da sÃntese e caracterizaÃÃo de duas sÃries de alquilglicosÃdeos utilizando os Ãlcoois C10, C16 e C18 como parte hidrofÃbica e glicose e derivados da degradaÃÃo da amilose como partes hidrofÃlicas. A sÃntese dos alquilglicosÃdeos foi realizada atravÃs da reaÃÃo usual de KÃenig-Knorr com algumas modificaÃÃes. A caracterizaÃÃo estrutural dos surfactantes foi acompanhada por ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear 1H, 13C (RMN) juntamente com a espectroscopia de absorÃÃo na regiÃo do infravermelho (IV). Os estudos de RMN e IV permitiram caracterizar detalhadamente as junÃÃes entre os grupos hidrofÃlicos e hidrofÃbicos, como predominantemente glicosÃdica. A cromatografia de permeaÃÃo de gel (GPC) mostrou evidÃncias da formaÃÃo dos surfactantes com aproximadamente cinco anÃis glicosÃdicos ligados à cadeia alquÃlica. Estruturas de cristais lÃquidos, identificadas pela presenÃa de pontos de fusÃo duplos, foram observadas atravÃs da tÃcnica de calorimetria exploratÃria diferencial (DSC), revelando as propriedades termotrÃpicas dos surfactantes. O mÃtodo de du NoÃy foi utilizado para determinar a tensÃo superficial e concentraÃÃo micelar crÃtica (cmc) das soluÃÃes aquosas Ãs vÃrias concentraÃÃes. Observou-se que para as duas sÃries de surfactantes, o aumento do comprimento da cadeia alquÃlica levou à reduÃÃo esperada da cmc. As energias envolvidas nos processos de adsorÃÃo e micelizaÃÃo calculadas a partir das isotermas de tensÃo superficial de equilÃbrio versus ln da concentraÃÃo indicam a cooperatividade dos grupos hidrofÃlicos e hidrofÃbicos nestes processos. / Alkyl glucosides constitute a new and interesting class of surfactants, as they are biodegradable, nontoxic, and synthesized from renewable resources. These properties make them substitutes for other surfactants which are potentially damaging to the environment. The present work deals with the synthesis and characterization of two series of alkyl glucosides, which used C10, C16 and C18 alcohols as the hydrophobic part and glucose and glucose residues derived from degradation of amylose (which was essentially free from amilopectin) as hydrophilics parts. The alkyl glucosides synthesis was performed by the usual KÃenigs-Knorr reaction with some modifications. The molecular structures of the surfactants were characterized by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) together with infra-red (IR) spectroscopy. The study by NMR and IR allowed the junctions between hydrophilic head-groups and hydrophobic tailgroups to be characterized predominantly as -glycosidic. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) showed evidences of the formation of the surfactants with five glucosides rings linked to the alkyl chain. Liquid crystals structures were investigated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique confirming the characteristics of thermotropics properties, through the presence of double melting points. The du NoÃy method was used to determine the surface-tension and critical micelle concentration (cmc) of aqueous solutions at various concentrations. For the two series of surfactants, it was observed that the increase of the alkyl chain caused the already expected decrease of cmc. The energies involved in the adsorption and micellization process calculated from the equilibrium surface tension isotherm versus ln concentration indicates co-operativety from the hydrophilics and hydrophobics grups.

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