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Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera vilka motiveringar de olika aktörerna anförde för införandet av en ny arkivredovisning, samt att undersöka vilka målsättningar man satte upp. Syftet är vidare att genom en analys av den nya arkivredovisningens nyckelbegrepp undersöka dels hur stort handlingsutrymme de så kallade försöksmyndigheterna hade att skapa sina egna modeller för arkivredovisning, dels hur entydigt begreppen användes. I uppsatsen analyseras följande frågeställningar: * Hur motiverades behovet av en ny arkivredovisning av RA och försöksmyndigheterna? Vilka mål skulle uppnås genom förändringen? * Hur stort handlingsutrymme hade försöksmyndigheterna att skapa sina egna modeller för arkivredovisning? * Vilka nyckelbegrepp ingår i den nya arkivredovisningen och hur entydigt har de använts under den nya arkivredovisningens utveckling? När det gäller frågan om motiveringarna till och målsättningarna för den nya arkivredovisningen har materialet disponerats efter de två kronologiska faser som urskiljts i genomförandet av den nya arkivredovisningen; förberedelsefasen och genomförandefasen. Analysen visar att skälet till att Riksarkivet i mitten av 1990-talet drog slutsatsen att det fanns behov av en ny arkivredovisningsmodell har att göra med de brister i den tidigare modellen som upptäcktes genom det s.k. SATS-projektet. Projektet visade att myndigheterna misskötte arkivredovisningen. Skälet angavs vara att arkivredovisningen inte fyllde någon funktion och att den dåvarande modellen, som byggde på allmänna arkivschemat, inte ansågs fingera i en alltmer IT-präglad verksamhet. Motiveringarna rör sig även på en mer generell nivå, där samhällsförändringar som EU-inträdet anförs som motiveringar för att en ny arkivredovisningsmodell behövs. I uppsatsen väcks frågan om Riksarkivets förklaringar till att bristerna i arkivredovisningen framstår som övertygande, och alternativa tolkningar omnämns. Riksarkivets uttalade målsättningar med den nya arkivredovisningen framstår som generellt hållna, och går inte alltid att koppla ihop med motiveringarna. Ett av målen kan ändå sägas ha varit att arkivredovisningen skulle integreras med verksamhetsstöden i vid mening. Dessutom avsågs den nya modellen utgöra en förenkling jämfört med tidigare modell. I uppsatsen diskuteras huruvida dessa målsättningar kan sägas ha nåtts, och det noteras att Riksarkivet inte förefaller ha tagit initiativ till någon utvärdering av försöksmyndigheternas verksamhet. I uppsatsen analyseras även det handlingsutrymme försöksmyndigheterna kan anses ha haft att skapa sina egna arkivredovisningsmodeller, och det noteras att handlingsutrymmer kan sägas ha minskat med tiden. Det finns tecken på att Riksarkivet försökte skapa en något enhetligare begreppsapparat i samband med att försöksmyndigheternas dispensansökningar skulle omsättas i myndighetsspecifika föreskrifter, men detta intryck är inte entydigt. Sammantaget pekar undersökningsresultaten snarare mot att den nya arkivredovisningen innehåller ett avsevärt mått av begreppsförvirring, som inte minskar genom RA-FS 2008:4 eller den regelkommentar som följde på författningen.

Databases provide the foundation of most software systems. This means that system developers will inevitably need to write code to query these databases. The de facto language for querying is SQL and this, consequently, is the language primarily taught by higher education institutions. There is some evidence that learners find it hard to master SQL. These issues and concerns were confirmed by reviewing the literature and establishing the scope and context. The literature review allowed extraction of the common issues in impacting SQL acquisition. The identified issues were confirmed and justified by empirical evidence as reported here. A model of SQL learning was derived. This framework or model involves SQL learning taxonomy, a model of SQL problem solving and incorporates cross-cutting factors. The framework is used as map to the design of a proposed instructional design. The design employed pattern concepts and the related research to structure SQL knowledge as SQL patterns. Also presented are details on how SQL patterns could be organized and presented. A strong theoretical background (checklist, component-level design) was employed to organize, present and facilitated SQL pattern collection. The evaluation of the SQL patterns yielded new insight such as novice problem solving strategies and the types of errors students made in attempting to solve SQL problems. SQL patterns, as proposed as a result of this research, yielded statistically significant important in novice performance in writing SQL queries. A longitudinal field study with a large number of learners in a flexible environment should be conducted to confirm the findings of this research.

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This thesis proposes an innovative model for citation analysis and applies it to 1186 citations derived from twenty papers from one interdisciplinary journal: Global Environmental Change. The main aim of this thesis is to build, not to quantify, a model which facilitates understanding of how citations act, and are acted upon, in citing texts. The model builds on, extends and modifies certain aspects of some existing models on citation form, stance and function. This thesis argues that stance and function are different but related concepts in the analysis of citation. They operate in different directions and, when combined, can reflect the role of citation in the citing text. In order to achieve a fine-grained understanding of the role of citation, citations are analysed within and beyond the level of the statements in which they occur. To achieve this, a new level is proposed for the analysis of citation function: the ‘citation block’. In this thesis, it is argued that citations operate in different directions within and beyond the proposition-level. The current thesis aligns and compares analyses at the clause- and block-levels for every citation. This alignment results in the identification of conventional and unconventional patterns of citing. The model is applied to four sub-corpora of texts from two time periods and representing the more ‘science-like’ and ‘social science-like’ papers in the journal. The text-based analysis demonstrates the complexity of citation practices in interdisciplinary discourse. Overall it is suggested that in this journal the ‘social science’ papers over time have become more similar to the ‘science’ papers. The results also show variation in citation practices between the individual selected papers in each sub-corpus. This variation is attributed to the interdisciplinary nature of GEC. The proposed model has the potential to be used to investigate variation in citation practices beyond interdisciplinary discourse, within and between disciplines or genres.

The methodology of intermediary XML schemas is introduced and its application to complex metadata environments is explored. Intermediary schemas are designed to mediate to other ‘referent’ schemas: instances conforming to these are not generally intended for dissemination but must usually be realized by XSLT transformations for delivery. In some cases, these schemas may also generate instances conforming to themselves. Three subsidiary methods of this methodology are introduced. The first is application-specific schemas that act as intermediaries to established schemas which are problematic by virtue of their over-complexity or flexibility. The second employs the METS packaging standard as a template for navigating instances of a complex schema by defining an abstract map of its instances. The third employs the METS structural map to define templates or conceptual models from which instances of metadata for complex applications may be realized by XSLT transformations. The first method is placed in the context of earlier approaches to semantic interoperability such as crosswalks, switching across, derivation and application profiles. The second is discussed in the context of such methods for mapping complex objects as OAI-ORE and the Fedora Content Model Architecture. The third is examined in relation to earlier approaches to templating within XML architectures. The relevance of these methods to contemporary research is discussed in three areas: digital ecosystems, archival description and Linked Open Data in digital asset management and preservation. Their relevance to future research is discussed in the form of suggested enhancements to each, a possible synthesis of the second and third to overcome possible problems of interoperability presented by the first, and their potential role in future developments in digital preservation. This methodology offers an original approach to resolving issues of interoperability and the management of complex metadata environments; it significantly extends earlier techniques and does so entirely within XML architectures.

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No description available.

No description available.