Thesis (Master of Surgery)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Surgery, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-188).

Bibliography: leaves 168-188. Investigates whether systematic absorption and peak plasma concentration of infiltrated doses of the local anaesthetic agent lignocaine are directly related to the regional blood flow of the injection site.

Orientador: Antonio Luiz Eiras Falcão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_FernandaAmaral_M.pdf: 1187894 bytes, checksum: f8575bb5585ad1dad9b169ac6e585c33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Antecedentes: Na fase aguda do traumatismo craniencefálico grave (TCE), é crucial evitar uma diminuição na pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC). Procedimentos, como a aspiração endotraqueal (AE), podem aumentar a Pressão Intracraniana (PIC) e diminuir a PPC. A lidocaína, administrada topicamente (endotraqueal) ou intravenosa, tem sido utilizado para reduzir esses efeitos. Método: Vinte pacientes admitidos à Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), com TCE grave e Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) com pontuação = 8 foram avaliados e PIC, pressão arterial média (PAM) e freqüência cardíaca (FC) foram monitorados continuamente. Os pacientes foram randomizados em três modalidades terapêuticas antes da AE: sem administração de lidocaína (SL), administração endovenosa de 1,5 mg/kg de lidocaína (LEV) e 2 ml de lidocaína a 4% por via endotraqueal (LET). PIC, PAM, FC e PPC foram registradas antes da AE (Pré), imediatamente após AE (Pós) e 30 minutos após o término do procedimento (Pós-30). Resultados: A FC aumentou no instante da AE e diminuiu após 30 min. A diminuição da PPC ocorreu no grupo SL, entre Pré e Pós-30 (p = 0,0040). No grupo LEV, houve um aumento significativo entre o Pré e Pós-30 (p = 0,0013). No grupo LET, houve uma diminuição entre Pré e Pós-30 (p = 0,0009). Conclusões: Nossos resultados sugerem, que a lidocaína, quando administrada endovenosamente, resulta em melhor controle da PIC e evita uma diminuição na PPC durante a aspiração endotraqueal. / Abstract: Background: In the acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is crucial to avoid a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). Procedures such as endotracheal suctioning (ES) may increase ICP, and decrease CPP. Lidocaine, given topically (endotracheally) or intravenously, has been used to reduce these effects. Methods: Twenty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with severe TBI and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores = 8 were evaluated, and ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously. The patients were randomized to one of three therapeutic modalities prior to ES: no administration of lidocaine (NL), endovenous administration of 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine (EVL) or 2 ml of 4% lidocaine given endotracheally (ETL). ICP, MAP, HR and CPP were recorded prior to ES (Pre), immediately after ES (Post) and 30 minutes following termination of the procedure (Post-30). Results: A decrease of CPP occurred in the NL group between Pre and Post-30 (p=0.004). In the EVL group there was a significant increase between the Pre and Post-30 evaluation moments (p=0.0013). In the ETL group, there was a decrease between Pre and Post-30 (p=0.0009). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lidocaine, when administered endovenously, results in better control of ICP and avoids a decrease in CPP during endotracheal suctioning. / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 43 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 25-26).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1953.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-18).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Iowa, 2008. / Thesis supervisor: Deborah V. Dawson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-83).

The endotracheal (ET) route for the administration of selected drugs has been proposed as an effective alternate route of drug administration during emergency situations when an intravenous (IV) line cannot be established. Lidocaine may be beneficial in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation (VF) resulting from acute myocardial infarction, although this hypothesis has not been confirmed in the literature. The efficacy of lidocaine in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation due to acute coronary artery ligation was examined, as well as the use of the endotracheal route as an alternative to IV injection. Rabbits were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital or halothane, intubated with an endotracheal tube, and animals receiving pentobarbital were mechanically respired. Ventricular fibrillation was produced by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery, or by subsequent reperfusion of ischemic myocardium. Endotracheal administration of 2mg/Kg lidocaine (2mg/ml in normal saline) resulted in lower peak plasma lidocaine concentrations initially compared with IV injection, but more sustained levels in the therapeutic range for lidocaine (p<0.05). Administration of lidocaine either IV or ET during ventricular fibrillation resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in plasma lidocaine concentrations during the first minute compared with controls. During ventricular fibrillation there was no significant difference between plasma lidocaine levels following IV or ET administration. Administration of lidocaine 2mg/Kg endotracheally (in normal saline) during VF resulted in a significant decrease in the duration of fibrillation compared with untreated and normal saline controls (p <0.001). / Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of / Graduate

Cough is one of the most common symptoms prompting patients to be seen by health care providers in the United States. Persistent cough can disrupt daily activities such as conversation, eating, breathing, and sleeping, and it can become extremely debilitating both physically and mentally. Pharmacological treatments include dextramethorphan, opioid cough suppressants, benzonatate, inhaled ipratropium, and guaifenesin. Successful cough suppression has also been demonstrated in several studies with the use of nebulized lidocaine. Nebulized lidocaine also appears to be well tolerated by patients with minimal side effects including dysphonia, oropharyngeal numbness, and bitter taste. Studies conducted thus far have been small, so larger randomized control trials comparing nebulized lidocaine to placebo need to be conducted in the future.

Cough is one of the most common symptoms prompting patients to be seen by health care providers in the United States. Persistent cough can disrupt daily activities such as conversation, eating, breathing, and sleeping, and it can become extremely debilitating both physically and mentally. Pharmacological treatments include dextramethorphan, opioid cough suppressants, benzonatate, inhaled ipratropium, and guaifenesin. Successful cough suppression has also been demonstrated in several studies with the use of nebulized lidocaine. Nebulized lidocaine also appears to be well tolerated by patients with minimal side effects including dysphonia, oropharyngeal numbness, and bitter taste. Studies conducted thus far have been small, so larger randomized control trials comparing nebulized lidocaine to placebo need to be conducted in the future.