P. chrysosporium est un champignon saprophyte capable de dégrader de nombreux xénobiotiques, ce qui le rend particulièrement intéressant pour des applications en bioremédiation. Plusieurs publications mettent en avant l'importance de la maîtrise de l'homéostasie métallique dans la production de certaines enzymes lignolytiques. La présence de manganèse est en effet nécessaire à la production des manganèses peroxydases, alors qu'à l'inverse une carence permettra la production de lignines peroxydases. Cependant, la caractérisation de transporteurs impliqués dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie métallique n'a fait l'objet de recherches poussées que chez le champignon modèle S. cerevisiae. L'analyse des transporteurs putatifs de manganèse de 26 espèces fongiques représentant 20 ordres fongiques a permis de constituer un répertoire de 281 transporteurs de manganèse. L'analyse phylogénétique a permis de mettre en évidence que des processus de duplication, mais également de délétion, avaient eu lieu en particulier chez S. cerevisiae. Cependant ce dernier ne possède pas de transporteurs de manganèse appartenant à la famille des Cation Diffusion Facilitator. Dans le génome de P. chrysosporium, onze transporteurs de manganèse appartenant à différentes familles de gènes ont été identifiés. Le niveau d'expression de ces différents gènes a été étudié notamment en condition lignolytique. Ces transporteurs ont également été clonés afin de vérifier leurs fonctions par complémentation en système hétérologue. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence les transporteurs de manganèse putatifs de nombreux organismes fongiques, ainsi que l'absence d'une famille de transporteurs impliquée dans les mouvements de manganèse chez S. cerevisiae / P. chrysosporium is a saprophytic fungus able to degrade many xenobiotics which makes it particularly attractive for applications in bioremediation. Several publications highlight the importance of metal homeostasis in the production of lignolytics enzymes. Indeed the presence of manganese is required for the production of manganese peroxidase. Conversely, deficiency allows the production of lignins peroxidases. Characterization of transporters involved in the control of manganese homeostasis has been only researched in the model S. cerevisiae. Analysis of putative manganese transporters of 26 fungal species representing 20 orders of fungus was used to form a repertory of 281 transporters of manganese. Phylogenetic analysis allowed to highlight that duplication process, but also deletion, had occurred particularly in S. cerevisiae. However this one is devoid of transporters belonging to the manganese Cation Diffusion Facilitator. Eleven transporters belonging to gene families in which manganese transporters have been found were identified in the P. chrysosporium?s genome. Expression level of these genes was examined particularly in ligninolytic condition. Transporters have also been cloned in order to verify their functions by complementation in heterologous system. This study allowed to identify putative manganese transporters of numerous fungal organisms and the lack of a transporters family involved in the manganese transport in S. cerevisiae

To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the white-rot decay fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium regulates selective delignification versus simultaneous decay, differential gene expression of its two key enzymes were measured over the course of aspen and birch wood decay tests. The type of decay was determined by differential staining and scanning electron microscopy. Real-time qPCR assessed gene expression of four lignin peroxidase genes and two manganese peroxidase genes at each stage of decay. Differential expression was significant in the mnp2 gene between aspen and birch decay tests during incipient decay; abundant expression of mnp2 in aspen corresponded to early initiation of selective delignification, whereas birch underwent initial simultaneous decay in the absence of abundant mnp2 expression. The lipC gene was the most abundantly expressed lip gene at all time points in both wood species and likely plays an important role in regulating wood decay.

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Softwood is the predominant form of land plant biomass in the Northern hemisphere, and is among the most recalcitrant biomass resources to bioprocess technologies. The white rot fungus Phanerochaete carnosa has been isolated almost exclusively from softwoods, while most other known white-rot species, including Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were mainly isolated from hardwoods. Accordingly, it is anticipated that P. carnosa encodes a distinct set of enzymes and proteins that promote softwood decomposition. To elucidate the genetic basis of softwood bioconversion by P. carnosa, its genome was sequenced and transcriptomes were evaluated after growth on wood compared to liquid medium. Results indicate that P. carnosa differs from P. chrysosporium in the number and expression levels of genes that encode lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), two enzymes that modify lignin present in wood. P. carnosa has more genes for MnP with higher expression levels than LiP, while the reverse has been observed for P. chrysosporium. The abundances of transcripts predicted to encode lignocellulose-modifying enzymes were then measured over the course of P. carnosa cultivation on four wood species. Profiles were consistent with decay of lignin before carbohydrates. Transcripts encoding MnP were highly abundant, and those encoding MnP and LiP featured significant substrate-dependent response. Since differences in modes of lignin degradation catalyzed by MnP and LiP could affect the ability of each to degrade lignin from different types of wood, their activity on various hardwoods and softwoods were tested. Results suggest that MnP degrades softwood lignin more effectively than hardwood lignin, consistent with high levels of this enzyme in P. carnosa.

Softwood is the predominant form of land plant biomass in the Northern hemisphere, and is among the most recalcitrant biomass resources to bioprocess technologies. The white rot fungus Phanerochaete carnosa has been isolated almost exclusively from softwoods, while most other known white-rot species, including Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were mainly isolated from hardwoods. Accordingly, it is anticipated that P. carnosa encodes a distinct set of enzymes and proteins that promote softwood decomposition. To elucidate the genetic basis of softwood bioconversion by P. carnosa, its genome was sequenced and transcriptomes were evaluated after growth on wood compared to liquid medium. Results indicate that P. carnosa differs from P. chrysosporium in the number and expression levels of genes that encode lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP), two enzymes that modify lignin present in wood. P. carnosa has more genes for MnP with higher expression levels than LiP, while the reverse has been observed for P. chrysosporium. The abundances of transcripts predicted to encode lignocellulose-modifying enzymes were then measured over the course of P. carnosa cultivation on four wood species. Profiles were consistent with decay of lignin before carbohydrates. Transcripts encoding MnP were highly abundant, and those encoding MnP and LiP featured significant substrate-dependent response. Since differences in modes of lignin degradation catalyzed by MnP and LiP could affect the ability of each to degrade lignin from different types of wood, their activity on various hardwoods and softwoods were tested. Results suggest that MnP degrades softwood lignin more effectively than hardwood lignin, consistent with high levels of this enzyme in P. carnosa.