The aim of this thesis is design of the loadbearing structure of a bridge. Out of two proposed variants was chosen prestressed girder deck of 5 spans. The bridge is built span-by-span in a formwork supported by launching girders. Calculation of load cases is made in software Midas Civil 2021 and Scia Engineer 18.1. The construction is evaluated considering the ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state. The design and evaluation were made according to valid standards.

The master’s thesis designs and checks the reinforced concrete tanks of sewage plant. Part of this thesis are also drawings. Tanks are designed as a watertight underground structure with aspect on standards and watertight function. Foundation slab and concrete walls were designed according to ultimate and serviceability limit states. The thesis includes design of reinforcement according to non-force effects in early stage. The structure is checked also to loss of equilibrium of a structure due to uplift by vertical actions from water pressure.

Due to lack of soil sampling during a conventional cone penetration testing (CPT), it is necessary to classify soils based on recorded tip and sleeve friction and pore pressure (if available) values. However, currently available soil classification models are based on deterministic and judgemental determination of soil classification boundaries which do not address the uncertainties intristic to the problem. Moreover, size and quality of databases used in the development of these soil classification models are undocumented and thus questionable. Similar limitations do also exist in the development of SPT-CPT correlations which are widely used in SPT dominated design such as soil liquefaction triggering. To eliminate these discussed limitations, within the confines of this study it is attempted to present (1) a new probabilistic CPT- based soil classification methodology, and (2) new SPT-CPT correlations which address the uncertainties intrinsic to the problems. For these purposes, a database composed of 400 CPT/SPT boring data pairs was compiled. It is intended to develop probabilistic models, which will correlate CPT tip and sleeve friction values to actual soil classification and CPT tip resistance to SPT blow count N. The new set of correlations, model parameters of which estimated by implementing maximum likelihood methodology, presented herein are judged to represent a robust and defensible basis for (1) prediction of soil type based on CPT data and, (2) estimation of SPT-N value for given CPT data.

The aim of this study is designing steel structures with the same geometry, material and soil conditions but in the different countries, and comparing these designs in terms of material savings. According to three steel building codes, namely TS 648, LRFD, Eurocode 3, same structures with various stories (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) are analyzed and designed. To calculate the design loads, Turkish Earthquake Code 2007 and Turkish Standard 498 (Design Load for Buildings) are utilized when TS 648 is applied. When LRFD is concerned, ASCE Standard 7-05 (Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures) and AISC Standard 341-05 (Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings) are used for calculation of the design loads and earthquake loads. When Eurocode 3 is applied, Eurocode 8 (Earthquake Resistance Code), Eurocode 1 (Actions of Structures) and Eurocode-EN 1990 (Basis of Structural Design) are used in order to determine the design and earthquake loads. Weight of steel used on 1 m&sup2 / is almost the same for procedures of LRFD and EC3. It is important to note that those procedures consider 20 % of material saving compared to TS648.

Recent devastating earthquakes revealed that bridges are one of the most vulnerable components of the transportation systems. These seismic events have emphasized the need to mitigate the risk resulting from the failure of the bridges. Depending on the seismicity of the bridge local site, seismic vulnerability assessment of the bridges can be done based on the fragility curves. These curves are conditional probability functions which give the probability of a bridge attaining or exceeding a particular damage level for an earthquake of a given intensity level. In this dissertation, analytical fragility curves are developed for the ordinary highway bridges in Turkey constructed after the 1990s to be used in the assessment of their seismic vulnerability. Bridges are first grouped into certain major bridge classes based on their structural attributes and sample bridges are generated to account for the structural variability. Nonlinear response history analyses are conducted for each bridge sample with their detailed 3-D analytical models under different earthquake ground motions having varying seismic intensities. Several engineering demand parameters are employed in the determination of seismic response of the bridge components as well as defining damage limit states in terms of member capacities. Fragility curves are obtained from the probability of exceeding each specified damage limit state for each major bridge class. Skew and single-column bent bridges are found to be the most vulnerable ones in comparison with the other bridge classes. Developed fragility curves can be implemented in the seismic risk assessment packages for mitigation purposes.

A norma que prescreve o cálculo de alvenaria estrutural de blocos vazados de concreto, NBR 10837:1989, encontra-se em fase de revisão, sendo que a principal alteração é a introdução do método dos estados limites no dimensionamento e na verificação dos elementos de alvenaria. Neste trabalho, estudam-se duas normas para alvenaria, a NBR 10837:1989 e EC 6:1996, e o texto proposto para revisão da NBR 10837. A escolha do EC 6:1996 se deu pela sua importância em relação à comunidade européia e porque muitas das prescrições contidas nessa norma foram adaptadas para o texto de revisão da NBR 10837. Quando necessárias, são realizadas comparações entre as duas normas e o texto de revisão, com o intuito de auxiliar no entendimento das implicações que a mudança de abordagem causará. Vários exemplos que simulam situações típicas de projeto, como compressão simples, flexão e cisalhamento, são apresentados. Com a variação dos diversos parâmetros envolvidos no dimensionamento dos elementos de alvenaria, é possível a elaboração de gráficos e ábacos. Desta forma consegue-se englobar uma grande variedade de situações, e a comparação entre as respostas obtidas com cada uma das normas e com o texto de revisão torna-se bem mais simples e precisa. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para a introdução do método dos estados limites na norma de cálculo de alvenaria estrutural, bem como avaliar as mais importantes adaptações propostas. / The code that regulates the design of concrete blockwork structural masonry, NBR 10837:1989, is under revision phase. The main change is the introduction of limit state method for the design and verification of masonry elements. In this work, two masonry codes (NBR 10837:1989 and EC 6:1996) and a proposed revised text for the NBR 10837 are studied. The choice for EC 6:1996 is justified by its importance to european community and because many clauses of the revised text are adapted from that code. When necessary, comparisons between the two codes and revised text are carried out, to help the understanding of the changes implications. Some examples, that simulate typical design situation, such as axial compression, bending and shear are presented. A parametric study on the masonry elements design is carried out, allowing for the elaboration of graphs and abacus. Thus, various situations are explored, showing different results corresponding to each one of the codes and the revision text, in order to clarify the comparisons. The general aim of this work is help the introduction of the limit state method in the masonry code, and to evaluate the most important changes in the proposed revised text of the brazilian code.

A norma que prescreve o cálculo de alvenaria estrutural de blocos vazados de concreto, NBR 10837:1989, encontra-se em fase de revisão, sendo que a principal alteração é a introdução do método dos estados limites no dimensionamento e na verificação dos elementos de alvenaria. Neste trabalho, estudam-se duas normas para alvenaria, a NBR 10837:1989 e EC 6:1996, e o texto proposto para revisão da NBR 10837. A escolha do EC 6:1996 se deu pela sua importância em relação à comunidade européia e porque muitas das prescrições contidas nessa norma foram adaptadas para o texto de revisão da NBR 10837. Quando necessárias, são realizadas comparações entre as duas normas e o texto de revisão, com o intuito de auxiliar no entendimento das implicações que a mudança de abordagem causará. Vários exemplos que simulam situações típicas de projeto, como compressão simples, flexão e cisalhamento, são apresentados. Com a variação dos diversos parâmetros envolvidos no dimensionamento dos elementos de alvenaria, é possível a elaboração de gráficos e ábacos. Desta forma consegue-se englobar uma grande variedade de situações, e a comparação entre as respostas obtidas com cada uma das normas e com o texto de revisão torna-se bem mais simples e precisa. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para a introdução do método dos estados limites na norma de cálculo de alvenaria estrutural, bem como avaliar as mais importantes adaptações propostas. / The code that regulates the design of concrete blockwork structural masonry, NBR 10837:1989, is under revision phase. The main change is the introduction of limit state method for the design and verification of masonry elements. In this work, two masonry codes (NBR 10837:1989 and EC 6:1996) and a proposed revised text for the NBR 10837 are studied. The choice for EC 6:1996 is justified by its importance to european community and because many clauses of the revised text are adapted from that code. When necessary, comparisons between the two codes and revised text are carried out, to help the understanding of the changes implications. Some examples, that simulate typical design situation, such as axial compression, bending and shear are presented. A parametric study on the masonry elements design is carried out, allowing for the elaboration of graphs and abacus. Thus, various situations are explored, showing different results corresponding to each one of the codes and the revision text, in order to clarify the comparisons. The general aim of this work is help the introduction of the limit state method in the masonry code, and to evaluate the most important changes in the proposed revised text of the brazilian code.

The master thesis deals with the design of geometry of plates of the injection molding unit using the FEM tool Topological Optimization. The reason for this is to reduce the weight of these components, which is beneficial in the transport and assembly of the injection molding machine. However, the final models of geometry of plates must meet certain requirements in terms of the limit state of deformation, the limit state to the critical value of the equivalent stress. This condition involves both limit state of elasticity and limit state of fatigue. Computational modeling and also Topological Optimization are performed in ANSYS Workbench.

This classic textbook is a comprehensive introduction to structural steelwork design. It describes the design theory and code requirements for common structures, connections, elements and frames. The book is structured to meet the needs of courses in structural steelwork, introducing and explaining each concept before allowing the student to test the knowledge with practical examples. Each section is illustrated with exercises for the student to reinforce their learning. It continues to be an indispensable introduction to structural steelwork design for students of structural and civil engineering.

No / The fourth edition of Structural Steelwork: Design to Limit State Theory describes the design theory and code requirements for common structures, connections, elements, and frames. It provides a comprehensive introduction to structural steelwork design with detailed explanations of the principles underlying steel design.