El presente trabajo de investigación busca conocer cuáles son los factores que limitan la inversión extranjera directa en el desarrollo de infraestructura de las telecomunicaciones en el Perú. Ya que el uso del internet se ha vuelto una constante en el día a día de las personas, y para que dicha conexión no se vea afectada el Perú debe contar con una correcta infraestructura en el sector telecomunicaciones. Para lograr conocer aquellos factores que limitan la inversión extranjera directa en el desarrollo de infraestructura de telecomunicaciones en el Perú, se utilizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo y diseño exploratorio mediante estudio de casos. Donde se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas a 15 expertos del sector telecomunicaciones, los cuales fueron divididos en 3 segmentos: empresas de telecomunicaciones extranjeras, sector público y contratistas del sector telecomunicaciones, con la finalidad de recolectar información más precisa y relevante para la investigación. Entre los principales resultados encontrados, se pudo concluir que el desarrollo de infraestructura en el sector telecomunicaciones está siendo afectado por diversos factores como: Trabas burocráticas, capacidad Institucional de los Organismos Reguladores y Municipios, Nivel de cooperación del marco legal de telecomunicaciones. Finalmente, entre los nuevos hallazgos se evidencio que la percepción de la población interfiere en el despliegue de infraestructura de telecomunicaciones, por lo que recomienda ampliar los segmentos de investigación e incorporar a la población a fin de tener en consideración su perspectiva de manera directa. / The present research work seeks to know what are the factors that limit foreign direct investment in the development of telecommunications infrastructure in Peru. Since Internet use has become a constant in people’s day-to-day lives and so that this connection is not affected, Peru must have a proper telecommunications infrastructure. To get to know those factors that limit foreign direct investment in the development of infrastructure telecommunications in Peru. Qualitative research and exploratory design using case studies were used. Where semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 telecommunications experts, which were divided into 3 segments: foreign telecommunications companies, public sector and telecommunications contractors, for the purpose of collecting more accurate and relevant information for the investigation. Among the main results found, it was concluded that infrastructure development in the telecommunications sector is being affected by factors such as: bureaucratic obstacles, institutional capacity of the regulatory agencies and municipalities, level of cooperation in the legal framework of telecommunications. Finally, among the new findings, it is evident that the perception of the population interferes in the deployment of telecommunications infrastructure, so it is recommended to expand the research segments and incorporate the population in order to take their perspective directly into consideration. / Tesis

The dependencies of electrophoretic mobility on pH were measured for a set of 14 markers used for isoelectric focusing that were developed by the group of Šlais and that are based on substitutions on the nitrophenol core, and for a kit consisting of 5 pI markers developed by Shimura, which have an oligopeptide structure. The dissociation constants and limiting electrophoretic mobilities of these compounds were obtained from the dependencies with the use of the program AnglerFish. The isoelectric point values of the compounds were consequently calculated using the obtained data. A comparison of the obtained pI values with the values that have been declared in literature, albeit gained by different analytical methods, has been made. Key Words capillary zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pI markers, isoelectric point, thermodynamic dissociation constant, limiting ionic mobility

The main goal of this diploma thesis was to project a design of arch bridge‘s framework over the Svratka river. This single-span bridge has the span of 52,5m. The framework is constructed from a pair of beams, suspended from the pair of beams bent towards each other. The bridge deck is coupled with steel crosspieces. The construction design was executed in computing programme Dlubal RFEM 5.07. The individual components of the framework were assessed in Microsoft Excel. The calculation considered the load of wind and pedestrians’ movement and their effect on the dynamics of the construction. The phases of development were also considered. Assessments of coupled cross-section, main beams of steel construction, tension systems and selected construction joints were executed in a static calculation. Moreover, a design of a bearing and a bridge plug joint. Finally, a drawing documentation and a final report were prepared in regards with the requirements. The construction design and its assessment were executed according to valid standards.

Title: The analysis of competitors' physical preparation OCR (Obstacle Course Racing). Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to provide the analysis of physical preparation used by the competitors of the obstacle course races. The analysis was completed for all major competitor ability-based classes and then compared among the categories. Methods: For data collection quantitative research was used, provided by the survey method. Its form was an online questionnaire. Results: The research has shown that the competitors of the enthusiast class - recreational athletes mostly value the experience and the adrenalin the obstacle course races bring them, overcoming own maximum, looking for new challenges etc. Those are the type of athletes who do not have high performance expectations, they are not oriented to perform at their highest of abilities. Although, they are still capable of winning. They win over themselves, happy when they manage to overcome own fears. They consider as winning not only expanding own physical and mental capacities, but also just the actual finishing of the race. Performance athletes, compared to the recreational ones, are able to plan their training sessions much more effectively and with better training goals. The performance oriented athletes are much more performance...

The aim of the study was to develop strategies to reduce the unmet need for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of unmet need for modern contraception, determine the factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception, and explore the barriers that hindered agro-pastoral women from using modern contraception. A mixed-method research design was used to conduct the study. Data were collected from agro-pastoral women and family planning service providers. Questionnaire and individual in-depth interviews were used to collect the data. The validity and reliability of the quantitative data and trustworthiness of the qualitative data were ensured. Use of standard data collection tools, employing method and data triangulation, and documenting all the procedures of data collection and analysis were among the ways employed to do so The quantitative data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the qualitative data. Ethical principles of research such as beneficence, justice, informed consent, respect for persons, privacy and confidentiality and scientific integrity were considered to conduct the study. The study revealed an unmet need of 29.2% (n=112) for modern contraception among agro-pastoral women. The unmet need for birth spacing constituted 21.1% (n=81), whereas the unmet need for birth limiting was 8.1% (n=31). The age of the women, the number of living children, knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and knowledge of FP service centres were found to be associated with women‘s unmet need for modern contraception. Lack of time and money, lack of knowledge about modern contraception, and fear of side effects were the major individual-level barriers. There were also culture-related factors such as the need for many children that hindered agro-pastoral women from using modern contraception. Moreover, the study disclosed that religious unacceptability and husband‘s and relatives‘ opposition were also among the mentioned barriers. The quality of FP service provision in terms of the competence and behaviour of health service providers, unavailability and inaccessibility of FP service, were also indicated as barriers. The findings informed the development of strategies to reduce agro-pastoral women‘s unmet needs for modern contraception in Eastern Ethiopia. The study further recommended that the health bureaus of the region, zone and district collaborate in ensuring that agro-pastoral women realise the significance of the provision of accessible, equitable, quality modern contraception. It is also essential to equip health facilities with qualified health service providers and necessary facilities. Religious leaders should be involved in disseminating vital, relevant and empowering FP information. / Health Studies / Ph. D. (Public Health)

La demande mondiale de nourriture et d’energie est en constante augmentation. L’accès à de nouvelles terres arables étant limité, les agriculteurs devront produire environ 70% de plus par hectare d'ici 2050. L'optimisation et la rationalisation des systèmes de production agricole sont essentielles pour assurer la sécurité alimentaire des populations dans des conditions durables. La communauté agricole serait en mesure d'optimiser les performances des cultures en ayant accès à une meilleure compréhension des systèmes de production, notamment concernant leur potentiel et principaux facteurs limitants. Dans ce contexte, la caractérisation des conditions de croissance des cultures prenant en compte leurs impacts sur le potentiel de production et sur les pertes de rendement est importante pour identifier les marges de progrès et proposer des systèmes agricoles améliorés.Dans cette étude une approche est proposée pour caractériser l'environnement de grandes zones géographiques prenant en compte les impacts des ressources clés au développement des plantes (température, rayonnement, eau et azote) sur la performance des cultures. Le niveau de disponibilité de ces ressources a été estimé en utilisant des approches de modélisation de culture, intégrant données météorologiques et caractéristiques de sol. L'efficacité d'utilisation des ressources disponibles a été caractérisée par les pratiques culturales ainsi que la stratégie et l’environnement technique des agriculteurs. Une procédure générique d’intégration de la donnée a été établie et utilisée pour décrire la production de maïs grain en Amérique du Nord de 1991 à 2013. Le jeu de données résultant de cette intégration couvre 84% des superficies plantées en maïs, décrites par 1 558 unités spatiales élémentaires, pour un total de 28 303 scénarios indépendants. Cette méthode combine et harmonise les observations de rendement issues des statistiques agricoles avec un large ensemble de descripteurs pertinents de conditions de croissance.Un sous-ensemble de 21 facteurs limitants a été identifié par une analyse de sélection de variables pour expliquer 66% de la variabilité des pertes de rendement observées. Compte tenu du nombre de dimensions du jeu de donnée, la méthode relaxed lasso a été choisie comme un compromis intéressant entre capacité de prédiction et d’interprétation. Les descripteurs sélectionnés montrent la contribution de la gestion des cultures à la variabilité des pertes de rendement, en particulier les niveaux d'intensification de l’agriculture et l’environnement technique des agriculteurs. Le troisième facteur principal est la disponibilité en eau et la sécheresse qui en résulte. L’utilisation des connaissances en physiologie dans la conception de descripteurs a considérablement amélioré la capacité d’interprétation de la proposition et la confiance des utilisateurs finaux dans l'approche.La structure des facteurs limitant le rendement a été utilisée pour identifier les Environnements Types les plus fréquents. Deux approches ont été proposes : l’une axée uniquement sur les facteurs physiologiques et l’autre intégrant également l’identification de marchés de taille homogène. 11 Environnements Types ont été identifiés en fonction des facteurs physiologiques et 8 en combinant facteurs physiologiques et contraintes de taille de marché. Les Environnements Types basés sur les facteurs physiologiques sont très informatifs sur l'évolution historique des pratiques culturales et les changements de stratégie des agriculteurs au cours du temps. Une telle catégorisation des conditions de croissance a montré des capacités à reproduire l'expertise de terrain et à soutenir l'évaluation de génotypes. Trois cas d'utilisation ont servi à illustrer l'intérêt de l'approche pour (i) décrire l'historique environnemental d'un marché, (ii) définir des populations d’Environnements cibles (TPE) et (iii) évaluer la pertinence de l'échantillonnage environnemental de réseaux multi-lieux (MET). / The global demand for food and energy is constantly increasing. As access to spare arable land is limited, growers will have to produce about 70% more per hectare by 2050. Optimization and rationalization of the agricultural production systems is then critical to ensure food security under sustainable conditions. The agricultural community would be in a position to optimize crop performance by better understanding the cropping systems, especially regarding potential production and limiting factors. In this context, the ability to characterize crop growing conditions in regards to their impacts on potential yield and yield gap is important in order to identify margins of progress and propose improved farming systems.An approach is proposed to characterize the crop environment of large geographical areas taking into consideration the impact on crop performance of the key resources for plant development (temperature, solar radiation, water and nitrogen). The level of availability of each resource was estimated by using crop modeling approaches integrating weather data and soil characteristics as inputs. The efficiency of use of the available resources was characterized by crop practices, grower strategy and grower technical environment. A generic integration procedure was established and used to describe corn production for grain in North America from 1991 to 2013. The resulting dataset covers 84% of the total corn planted area, deciphered in 1,558 elementary spatial units, for a total of 28,303 independent scenarios. Such a method combines and harmonizes, at scale, yield observations from agricultural statistics with a large set of relevant descriptors of growing conditions.A subset of 21 main limiting factors was identified through variable-selection analysis to explain 66% of the observed yield-gap variability. The relaxed lasso method resulted in an interesting compromise between interpretability and prediction ability. The selected descriptors highlighted the contribution of crop management in yield-gap variability, especially regarding levels of crop intensification and the technical environment of growers. The third main factor is water availability and resulting drought. The integration of knowledge in crop physiology into descriptor design significantly improved the interpretability of the proposal and the confidence of end-users in the approach.Yield-gap patterns were used to identify the set of most frequent Environment Types. Two approaches were proposed: one focused on crop physiology drivers and another also considered market-size homogeneity among Environment Types. This resulted in 11 Environment Types based on crop physiology drivers and 8 Environment Types when combining crop physiology drivers and market constraints. Crop-physiology Environment Types are very informative on the historical evolution of cultural practices and the changes in grower strategies over the studied period. Such categorization of growing conditions demonstrated the ability to reproduce field expertise and support genotype evaluation. Three business Use Cases were used to illustrate the interest of the approach in (i) describing the environmental history of a market, (ii) defining relevant Target Population Environments (TPE) and (iii) evaluating the environmental sampling relevance of Multi-Environment Trials (MET).

Palliative and end-of-life care (PEOLC) involves the use of an interprofessional approach to improve quality of life for patients facing life-threatening illness, and their informal caregivers (e.g. family, other loved ones). Though many patients with life-threatening illness report desires to die at home, people with PEOLC needs continue to die in hospital settings. Given the considerable differences between inpatient and outpatient PEOLC settings, and the potentially increased future need for inpatient PEOLC services, it is critical to explore how patients and caregivers experience and make sense of illness and care in such settings. To contribute to this gap in the literature, I conducted a scoping review on patient and informal caregiver experiences in inpatient specialist palliative care (SPC) settings and semi-structured interviews with patients and caregivers on the Bruyère inpatient SPC unit. I identified three overarching themes from included studies (n=104), including patient and informal caregiver: i) perceptions of care, the interprofessional palliative care team, and the care environment; ii) communication with the interprofessional team; and iii) impacts of illness and care on quality of life. I conducted interviews with three patients and four informal caregivers. Using an inductive thematic analysis approach, I identified three key themes of patient and informal caregiver experiences within the context of the Bruyère inpatient SPC unit: i) the journey of dealing with life-threatening illness; ii) impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic; and iii) attempts to cope and find peace. Based on my findings, improvements are needed to the provision of person-centred care to address patients’ and informal caregivers’ supportive needs. Further work is needed to identify reforms to support improved education and awareness about palliative care to patients, informal caregivers, and the general public.

No description available.

This study presents a procedure for the estimation of stopping behavior of industrial robots with a trained neural network. This trained network is presented as a single channel in a redundant architecture for safety control applications, where its potential for future integration with an analytical model of robot stopping is discussed. Basic physical relations for simplified articulated manipulators are derived, which motivate a choice of quantities to predict robot stopping behavior and inform the training and testing of a network for prediction of stopping distances and times. Robot stopping behavior is considered in the context of relevant standards ISO 10218-1, ISO/TS 15066 and IS0 13849-1, which inform the definitions for safety related stopping distances and times used in this study. Prior work on the estimation of robot stopping behavior is discussed alongside applications of machine learning to the broader field of industrial robotics, and particularly to the cases of prediction of forward and inverse kinematics with trained networks. A state-driven data collection program is developed to perform repeated stopping experiments for a controlled stop on path within a specified sampling domain. This program is used to collect data for a simulated and real robot system. Special attention is given to the identification of meaningful stopping times, which includes the separation of stopping into pre-deceleration and post-deceleration phases. A definition is provided for stopping of a robot in a safety context, based on the observation that residual motion over short distances (less than 1 mm) and at very low velocities (less than 1 mm/s) is not relevant to robot safety. A network architecture and hyperparameters are developed for the prediction of stopping distances and times for the first three joints of the manipulator without the inclusion of payloads. The result is a dual-network structure, where stopping distance predictions from the distance prediction network serve as inputs to the stopping time prediction network. The networks are validated on their capacity to interpolate and extrapolate predictions of robot stopping behavior in the presence of initial conditions not included in the training and testing data. A method is devised for the calculation of prediction errors for training training, testing and validation data. This method is applied both to interpolation and extrapolation to new initial velocity and positional conditions of the manipulator. In prediction of stopping distances and times, the network is highly successful at interpolation, resulting in comparable or nominally higher errors for the validation data set when compared to the errors for training and testing data. In extrapolation to new initial velocity and positional conditions, notably higher errors in the validation data predictions are observed for the networks considered. Future work in the areas of predictions of stopping behavior with payloads and tooling, further applications to collaborative robotics, analytical models of stopping behavior, inclusion of additional stopping functions, use of explainable AI methods and physics-informed networks are discussed. / Master of Science / As the uses for industrial robots continue to grow and expand, so do the need for robust safety measures to avoid, control, or limit the risks posed to human operators and collaborators. This is exemplified by Isaac Asimov's famous first law of robotics - "A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm." As applications for industrial robots continue to expand, it is beneficial for robots and human operators to collaborate in work environments without fences. In order to ethically implement such increasingly complex and collaborative industrial robotic systems, the ability to limit robot motion with safety functions in a predictable and reliable way (as outlined by international standards) is paramount. In the event of either a technical failure (due to malfunction of sensors or mechanical hardware) or change in environmental conditions, it is important to be able to stop an industrial robot from any position in a safe and controlled manner. This requires real-time knowledge of the stopping distance and time for the manipulator. To understand stopping distances and times reliability, multiple independent methods can be used and compared to predict stopping behavior. The use of machine learning methods is of particular interest in this context due to their speed of processing and the potential for basis on real recorded data. In this study, we will attempt to evaluate the efficacy of machine learning algorithms to predict stopping behavior and assess their potential for implementation alongside analytical models. A reliable, multi-method approach for estimating stopping distances and times could also enable further methods for safety in collaborative robotics such as Speed and Separation Monitoring (SSM), which monitors both human and robot positions to ensure that a safe stop is always possible. A program for testing and recording the stopping distances and times for the robot is developed. As stopping behavior varies based on the positions and speeds of the robot at the time of stopping, a variety of these criteria are tested with the robot stopping program. This data is then used to train an artificial neural network, a machine learning method that mimics the structure of human and animal brains to learn relationships between data inputs and outputs. This network is used to predict both the stopping distance and time of the robot. The network is shown to produce reasonable predictions, especially for positions and speeds that are intermediate to those used to train the network. Future improvements are suggested and a method is suggested for use of stopping distance and time quantities in robot safety applications.

<p dir="ltr">To decrease the use of fossil fuels that generate greenhouse gases, there has been a push to find alternative processes for electricity generation. An attractive renewable alternative is to use solar-thermal energy for grid level electricity production. One method used to generate electricity from the conversion of solar-thermal energy is concentrated solar power (CSP) via the power tower paradigm, which involves an array of mirrors that concentrate sunlight to a spot on a tower. The light heats up a heat transfer fluid which later transfers the thermal energy to a working fluid that expands so as to spin a turbine to generate electricity. Current CSP plants have a peak operation temperature of 550℃, but improvements to the heat exchanger are integral to increasing the peak operation temperature of such plants to a 750℃ target. Ceramic/metal composites (cermets) have been proposed for use as heat exchangers in these CSP plants due to the creep resistance of the ceramic component and toughness of the metal component. One potential material that has an attractive combination of properties for this application is the alumina/chromium (Al2O3/Cr) cermet, given the rigidity and creep resistance of the Al2O3 component and the high-temperature toughness of the Cr phase. Compared to other oxidation-resistant oxide/metal cermets, the Al2O3 and Cr components of this cermet have a relatively close average linear thermal expansion match from 25℃ to 750℃, which is advantageous due to the thermal gradients and thermal cycling of the heat exchanger during operation.</p><p dir="ltr">In this dissertation, the Al2O3/Cr cermet was produced via reaction forming (RF) or reactive melt infiltration (RMI). The RF method involves the reaction of Cr2O3 and Al constituent powder mixtures at high temperature and modest pressures to obtain dense Al2O3/Cr plates. The RMI method involves immersing a shaped porous Cr2O3 preform into an Al or Al-Cr alloy bath to infiltrate and react to form Al2O3/Al-Cr plates. For both methods, the plate microstructure was analyzed for the various reaction conditions. The adiabatic temperature increase for the reaction between Cr2O3 and Al liquid or Al-Cr liquid alloys was calculated. Thermal properties (linear coefficient of thermal expansion, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity) and mechanical properties for the RF Al2O3/Cr plates were also measured. Lastly, the reaction kinetics between dense, polycrystalline Cr2O3 and a liquid Al-35at% Cr alloy were experimentally determined at various temperatures and compared to models based on different rate-limiting steps.</p>