Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um método de localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas de circuitos simples ou duplos, admitindo trechos não transpostos e com derivações, além de terminais com medições dessincronizadas. O método utiliza os fasores de tensão e corrente, pré-falta e pós-falta, medidos nos terminais, local e remoto, para determinar as informações da falta, as quais são: trecho de ocorrência, distância, resistência e tipo. O método de localização de faltas proposto neste trabalho é composto pelo: processo de obtenção dos fasores, onde os sinais de tensão e corrente são filtrados; algoritmo de montagem da matriz de admitâncias da rede; algoritmo de estimativa de cargas e algoritmo de localização de faltas. O método desenvolvido tem como principal característica a localização de faltas em linhas de transmissão constituídas por circuito duplo com derivações utilizando dados de somente dois terminais, não descartando a possibilidade da utilização de dados de outros terminais caso disponíveis, e a pesquisa por trechos da rede através da minimização de funções objetivo. Para avaliar a eficiência do método de localização de faltas desenvolvido, diversas simulações foram realizadas no programa ATP (Alternative Transient Program), tais como: variação da distância de falta, da resistência de falta e do tipo de falta, bem como simulações de erros no módulo e no ângulo dos fasores, erros nos parâmetros da linha de transmissão e erros nos equivalentes. / In this work was developed a fault location method on transmission lines constituted of single or double circuits, allowing non-transposed lines sections, with derivations. The method uses the pre-fault and post-fault voltage and current phasors measured at local and remote terminals to determine the fault information, which are: section of occurrence, distance, resistance and, type. The fault location method proposed in this work is composed by: phasor obtaining process, where the voltage and current phasors are filtered; the network\'s admitance matrix building process; the load estimation algorithm and; the fault location algorithm. The developed method has as main features the fault location on double circuit transmission lines with derivations using data of two terminals only, without discarding the possibility of using another terminals data, case available, and the search for the fault location on transmission line\'s sections by objective functions minimization. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the developed fault location method, a lot of simulations were conducted in ATP (Alternative Transient Program), such as: fault distance, resistance and, type variations as well as errors on phasors\' module and angle, transmission line parameters and, terminals\' equivalent.

A engenharia de software tem buscado, nas últimas décadas, assemelhar-se a outras disciplinas de engenharia, introduzindo métodos, técnicas e ferramentas que possibilitem a melhoria da produtividade e qualidade no desenvolvimento de software em ordem de grandeza similar à alcançada pela indústria de manufatura. Uma das abordagens mais bem sucedidas neste sentido tem sido o emprego das práticas de reuso sistematizado de software, como o desenvolvimento baseado em componentes e, em especial, as linhas de produtos de software ou engenharia de família de produtos. No Brasil, um dos segmentos que mais produz e consome software é o setor financeiro, uma vez que todos os seus produtos e serviços são entregues através da tecnologia da informação. Por este motivo, torna-se fundamental a compreensão de como acontecem os processos de reuso de software neste segmento e como estes contribuem para o sucesso dos projetos. Esta pesquisa apresenta o mapeamento do cenário de reuso de software no setor financeiro no Brasil, baseado em estudos de caso conduzidos em cinco, dos dez maiores bancos instalados no país. / During last decades, Software Engineering has been aiming at be more disciplined as other engineering disciplines, by introducing methods, techniques and tools that provide productivity and quality improvement in the same levels reached by manufacturing industries. One of the most successful approaches towards this goal has been the use of systematic software reuse practices, such as component based development and, specially, software product lines or product family engineering. In Brazil, one of the most active sectors in consuming and producing software products is the financial sector, once all of its products and services are delivered through Information Technology. This is the reason why is so important to understand how software reuse processes occurs in this sector and how do they contribute to projects success. This research presents scenario of software reuse in the financial sector in Brazil, based on case research conducted in five of the ten largest banks installed in the country.

Se propõe uma estrutura alternativa para equalização adaptativa em rádio digital de microondas, obtida pela introdução de modificações em um cancelador de interferência intersimbólica. A um estágio linear de equalização são acrescentados estágios de cancelamento da interferência intersimbólica que operam com decisões preliminares dos símbolos transmitidos. O número de estágios de decisões preliminares não é restrito a um, no entanto, as decisões preliminares podem assumir níveis intermediários entre os símbolos nominais. Em uma implementação digital da função de equalização, o cancelador de interferência intersimbólica modificado implica em uma menor complexidade do circuito. Isto decorre do número reduzido de bits necessários para codificar as decisões preliminares e da menor sensibilidade do estágio linear do cancelador aos erros de quantização. Para a caracterização da estrutura proposta e do equalizador linear foi realizado um programa para computador pessoal. Particularmente para o cálculo da taxa de erro decorrente da distroção provocada por propagação multipercurso foi desenvolvida um extensão do método da integração numérica da função característica da interferência intersimbólica. O efeito dos erros nas decisões preliminares e dos erros de quantização é levado em conta no método desenvolvido. / An alternative structure is proposed for adaptive equalization in digital microwave radio. It is obtained by the introduction of modifications in an intersymbol interference canceller. Canceller stages, operating with preliminary decisions of the transmitted symbols are added to a conventional linear equalizer stage. The number of canceller stages, though, is not limited to one, and preliminary decisions are allowed to take intermediate levels between the nominal symbols. In a digital implementation of the equalization function, the modified intersymbol canceller implies in lower circuit complexity than does a linear equalizer with equivalent, or even lower, performance. This derives from the small number of bits required to codify the preliminary decisions, and from the lower sensitivity of the canceller\'s linear stage to quantization errors. In order to characterize the performance of the proposed structure and that of the linear equalizer, a personal computer program was built. Particularly, to calculate the error rate due to multipath induced distortion (the receiver\'s signature), an extension to the method of integrating the characteristic function of intersymbol interference was developed. The extension takes into account, within certain validity limits, the effect of errors in the preliminary decisions. The effect of signal and coefficient quantization is also taken into account. The interaction of the modified canceller with the demodulator\'s carrier recovery circuit is compared with that of a linear equalizer, and it is verified that the proposed structure is compatible with already in use methods of accomplishing that function.

This interdisciplinary PhD-by-practice examines how people construct comfort within their interior spaces through the study of objects, structures, membranes, situations and circumstances between clothes and the building skin. (In)tangible efficiencies of comfort and movement are problematised in this research. It provides new insights into the desire-lines of comfort, which are the habitual routines and interactions that individual’s practice to control their everyday energy use. The audience for this research includes academics, professionals, and those interested in how objects and circumstances influence physical, physiological and psychological interior comfort. The research methods that were applied included novel experimental interior design techniques of data gathering, demonstrated in the GYRO, AMNIOTIC SAC and COSY workshops. Co-researcher responses were generated in text, image and three-dimensional form. These immersive workshops examined specific interior sites, including: the conceptualisation of a product based structure that utilised gyroscopic principles; the prenatal spatial interior of the amniotic sac membranes were studied to posit how this space of origin influences our lifelong comfort desires. In addition, a range of lifecycle scenarios were created to facilitate the understanding of comfort through various objects and circumstances e.g. a cot, pram, loftbed, train, wheelchair, lounge, ambulance, and coffin. Analysis of the data evidenced representations and patterns of comfort desire-lines. Relationships with animate and inanimate objects were identified, connecting with differing dependent and autonomous comfort aspirations. The outcomes of this research can aid investigations into energy use, relocating efficiency discourses from the building skin to interior interstitial space.

O fenômeno \"crosstalk\" constitui-se de acoplamentos eletromagnéticos não intencionais entre condutores. Motivado pela importância deste fenômeno para a área de Compatibilidade Eletromagnética, este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de análise do fenômeno através do aplicativo SPICE considerando-se configurações compostas por condutores múltiplos. A proposta de desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta computacional de simulação do fenômeno utilizando uma versão estudantil, com livre acesso, possibilita, entre outras coisas, a disseminação de um modelo alternativo, simples e eficaz, e a inclusão do estudo do \"crosstalk\" no conteúdo programático de cursos de Graduação ou Pós-graduação. Para este fim, adotou-se um modelo de simulação de acoplamento eletromagnético com base em modelos de linha de transmissão. Tal modelo é complementado com geradores vinculados controlados por tensão e corrente, que representam fontes de interferência eletromagnética. Em face de limitações dos blocos funcionais que representam essas fontes no aplicativo, foi utilizado em um primeiro instante um método de representação do modelo através de arquivos-texto, ao invés da utilização da interface gráfica existente no software. Posteriormente, novos blocos foram desenvolvidos e acrescentados à biblioteca, tornando possível à aplicação dessa interface diretamente nas simulações. A validação do modelo foi feita, inicialmente, comparando-se os resultados simulados àqueles disponíveis na literatura internacional. Além disto, foi desenvolvida uma bancada experimental para comprovação dos resultados e validação do modelo implementado no aplicativo SPICE através de casos simples do fenômeno. Esses resultados mostram a viabilidade da utilização dos componentes desenvolvidos para o aplicativo, tornando possível e confiável o uso dessa ferramenta na simulação do fenômeno \"crosstalk\". Passou-se então a aplicação da ferramenta desenvolvida a sistemas mais complexos com um número superior de condutores. / This work presents an approach, in which the well-known SPICE simulator is used as a tool to simulate the phenomenon crosstalk. Basically, it is based on transmission line model, where the electromagnetic interferences are simulated by controlled voltage and current sources. Due to the limitations of the available Spice models concerning multiconductors configurations, additional models were developed and implemented as part of the SPICE library. Theoretical and experimental results were obtained. They were used as part of the validation process of the proposed methodology. The developing of specific models allowed the use of this modeling in SPICE student versions. This turns possible the introduction of crosstalk simulations in undergraduate and graduate courses. Besides, the methodology was applied to complex systems in order to present its versatility.

Este trabalho investiga como o desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos de software pode ser beneficiado pela utilização da programação orientada a aspectos para reduzir o acoplamento e aumentar a coesão das features da linha de produtos. Como resultado dessa investigação, uma abordagem para desenvolvimento incremental de linhas de produtos baseado em aspectos é proposta. São apresentadas as etapas, atividades e artefatos dessa abordagem. Por ser uma abordagem incremental, reduz-se a carga de trabalho necessária no início da produção da linha de produtos. Isso é conseguido graças à utilização de aspectos. Com isso, tem-se as vantagens de linhas de produtos ao mesmo tempo amenizando a desvantagem do risco do alto investimento inicial não ter o retorno esperado. A abordagem foi proposta com base em práticas estabelecidas de desenvolvimento de linhas de produtos de software e no estudo das práticas atuais para análise e projeto orientado a aspectos. Foi dada ênfase à abordagem Tema, que é utilizada neste trabalho como parte do ferramental para análise e projeto. A abordagem desenvolvida especifica práticas desde a análise de domínio até a implementação. Os aspectos são tratados desde os estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento. Técnicas para implementação com orientação a aspectos são propostas. Um estudo de caso utilizando as linguagens Java e AspectJ é apresentado para ilustrar as idéias propostas / This work investigates how the development of software product lines can benefit from the use of aspect-oriented programming to reduce coupling and increase cohesion of the product line features. As a result of this investigation, an approach to the incremental development of software product lines based on aspects is proposed. The phases, activities, and artifacts of this approach are presented. As it is an incremental approach, the amount of work needed in the beginning of the product line development is reduced. This is accomplished thanks to the use of aspects. This way, the advantages of product lines are obtained, attenuating, at the same time, the risk of the high initial investment not having the expected return. The approach has been proposed based on established practices of software product lines development and on the study of the actual practices for aspect-oriented analysis and design. Emphasis has been given to the Theme Approach, which is used in this work as part of the analysis and design tools. The proposed approach specifies practices from the domain analysis up to the implementation. Aspects are treated since the early development stages. Aspect-oriented implementation techniques are proposed. A case study using Java and AspectJ languages is presented to illustrate the proposed ideas

by Wing-Kit Chung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-127). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Application of Time Delay and Doppler Shift Estimation in Active Radar --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Joint Time delay and Doppler Shift Estimation Algorithm based on Correlation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- A Brief Review of Radar Signal Design --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Suppression of Range Sidelobes Level --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Reduction of Ambiguity of Delay-Doppler Plane --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Goal and Outline of the Thesis --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- CAF and Pulse Diversity for Radar Signals --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Radar Ambiguity Function --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Properties of Radar Ambiguity Function --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Ideal Ambiguity Function --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Composite Ambiguity Function (CAF) --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Properties of Composite Ambiguity Function --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- CAF of Joint Phase and Frequency Shift Keying (PSK-FSK) Mod- ulated Signal --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- CAF Algorithm and Its Performance Analysis --- p.22 / Chapter 3.1 --- CAF Algorithm for Time Delay and Doppler Shift Estimation --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound of the CAF Algorithm --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3 --- Performance Analysis of the CAF Algorithm --- p.28 / Chapter 3.4 --- Global Accuracy --- p.31 / Chapter 3.5 --- Numerical Results for Derivation of CAF Algorithm --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Simulation Results of CRLB for Various Multi-pulse Signals --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Simulation Results of Global Accuracy for Various Multi- pulse Signals --- p.36 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Simulation on Global Accuracy with Different Parameters --- p.37 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.39 / Chapter 4 --- Optimum Pulse-Diverse Waveforms Design --- p.46 / Chapter 4.1 --- Criteria for Optimum Waveforms --- p.46 / Chapter 4.2 --- Optimum Signals Based on Joint Phase and Frequency Shift Key- ing (PSK-FSK) Modulated Signal --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3 --- Genetic Algorithm (GA) --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4 --- Numerical Results --- p.54 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- "Comparison of Optimized PSK, FSK and PSK-FSK Signals" --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Simulation on Large Number of Pulses for Pulse-diverse Waveform Set --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Simulation Results of CAF algorithm for Time Delay and Doppler Shift Estimation --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Various Distribution of Ambiguity Volume on the Delay- Doppler Plane --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.74 / Chapter 5 --- Wideband CAF (WCAF) and Its Analysis --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1 --- WCAF Algorithm for Time Delay and Doppler Stretch Estimation --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2 --- Theory of Wavelet Packets --- p.77 / Chapter 5.3 --- Design of Wideband Optimum Waveforms for WCAF Algorithm --- p.80 / Chapter 5.4 --- Performance Evaluation --- p.82 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound of WCAF Algorithm --- p.83 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- The Global Accuracy of WCAF Algorithm --- p.84 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Numerical Results --- p.86 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.89 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Suggestion for Future Research --- p.90 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 6.2 --- Suggestion for Future Research --- p.93 / Chapter A --- Derivation of Ambiguity Function and CAF --- p.94 / Chapter A.1 --- Properties of Radar Ambiguity Function --- p.94 / Chapter A.2 --- Properties of Composite Ambiguity Function --- p.96 / Chapter B --- Derivation of Fisher Information Matrix of CAF Algorithm --- p.98 / Chapter C --- Derivation of Performance Analysis of CAF Algorithm --- p.103 / Chapter C.1 --- Derivation of TD and DS Estimate by Proposed Estimator --- p.103 / Chapter C.2 --- Derivation the Asymptotic Variance of The Estimates --- p.106 / Chapter D --- Derivation of Probability of Decision Error --- p.113 / Chapter E --- PSK-FSK Modulating Code of Various Multi-pulse Signals --- p.116 / Chapter F --- Derivation of Wavelet-Based Wideband CAF --- p.120 / Chapter F.1 --- Volume of Wideband Ambiguity Function --- p.120 / Chapter F.2 --- Volume of Wideband Composite Ambiguity Function --- p.121 / Bibliography --- p.123

There are two main features in this thesis. The first is a study of the role of "tracts" of finite determination on the growth of integral functions. Such a study is of importance, since most of the known results in this field are based on the extreme case where the tracts of finite determination reduce to single lines. The second is the construction of functions, meromorphic and integral, bounded in tracts of positive angular measure, where the tracts are not confined to radial sectors.

by Wai-Shan Chan. / Thesis submitted in: August 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-63). / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Fiber recirculating delay loop --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Slicing scheme --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the thesis --- p.4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Fiber recirculating delay loop / Chapter 2.1 --- Review --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- The device --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Filtering properties of the fiber recirculating delay loop --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Noise properties of the fiber recirculating delay loop --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Limitations of the BRL device --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- Discussion --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Summary --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Slicing scheme / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2 --- Slicing Scheme --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Experimental Investigation --- p.20 / Chapter 3.4 --- Numerical analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 3.5 --- Simulations --- p.40 / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- The relationship between the system penalty and the ratio fd/fs --- p.49 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Design of BRL --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of the slicing scheme --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7 --- Summary --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion / Chapter 4.1 --- Fiber recirculating delay loop as a BRL device --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2 --- Slicing scheme --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- Future work --- p.60 / Bibliography --- p.61

Thesis. 1975. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil Engineering. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.