Die Arbeit stützt sich überwiegend auf die Ergebnisse experimenteller Untersuchungen. Einaxiale Zugversuche an scheibenförmigen Probekörpern bildeten die Basis für die Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens in Form von Spannungs-Dehnungs-Linien. Da die Durchführung von Zugversuchen bekanntlich nicht ganz problemlos ist, wird der Versuchsaufbau besonders sorgfältig dargestellt. Mängel und deren Auswirkung auf die Versuchsergebnisse werden ausführlich diskutiert. Für die Beurteilung der Verbundeigenschaften der Bewehrung ist der Umfang der Kontaktfläche mit der Matrix ein wichtiger Parameter. Es wurde ein Verfahren für die Ermittlung dieser und anderer geometrischen Eigenschaften der Bewehrung entwickelt. Elektronische Aufnahmen von klassischen Dünnschliffen werden dazu mit einem digitalen Bildauswerteprogramm analysiert. Die Berücksichtigung einer Vielzahl von Einflüssen ermöglicht erstmals die reproduzierbare Bestimmung des Umfanges der Kontaktfläche zwischen den Fasern und der Matrix sowie die Querschnittsfläche der Faserbündel in der Matrix ohne subjektive Einflüsse. Das Tragverhalten von unidirektionalen und textilen Bewehrungen aus AR-Glas Filamentgarnen wird mit experimentellen Methoden untersucht. Die Basis bilden in einaxialen Zugversuchen an Dehnkörpern aufgenommene Spannungs-Dehnungs-Linien. Schon bei einer Bewehrung aus unidirektionalen Multifilamentgarnen treten Phänomene auf, die von Bewehrungen aus kompakten, homogenen Querschnitten (Stäben oder Drähten) nicht bekannt sind. Die Multifilamentgarne können selbst schon als Verbundwerkstoff bezeichnet werden, dessen Eigenschaften in einem großen Wertebereich variieren. Mit der textilen Verarbeitung von Multifilamentgarnen werden die (Verbund¬¬-)Eigenschaften entscheidend verändert. Ganz wesentlich ist das Hinzufügen von weiteren Faserscharen und den für die Herstellung der Textilien notwendigen Nähgarnen. Durch die Verarbeitung ändern sich auch Form und Packungsdichte der Multifilamentgarne. Das Zusammenspiel all dieser Einflüsse und die Variationsmöglichkeiten bei der Kombination aller Parameter führen zu einem teilweise deutlich verändertem Tragverhalten des textilbewehrten Betons gegenüber unidirektional bewehrtem Beton. Auf der Basis einfach handhabbarer Modelle wird versucht, Charakteristika des Tragverhaltens zu erklären. Beim textilbewehrten Beton ist jedoch oft kein eindeutiger Zusammenhang erkennbar, weil sich mehrere Einflüsse überlagern. Trotzdem ist es gelungen, zahlreiche, für den textilbewehrten Beton typische Besonderheiten aufzuzeigen und deren Ursachen zu klären. Den Abschluss bilden Überlegungen zur Optimierung der textilen Bewehrungen, die sich aus den beobachteten Phänomenen und deren Ursachen ableiten. / This thesis is mainly based on results of experimental methods. Uniaxial tension tests on strain specimens provide a basis for a description of the load bearing behaviour in the form of stress-strain-curves. It is well known, that the accomplishment of tension tests causes several problems. Therefore the test set-up is described in detail. Deficiencies and their impact on test results are discussed extensively. For the assessment of bond properties the perimeter of the contact area between fibres and matrix is a crucial parameter. A new procedure has been developed for estimating this and other geometrical properties of the reinforcement. Digital images of traditional thin section petrography are analysed with digital image analysis software. The consideration of a multitude of influences enables a reproducible determination of the perimeter of the contact area between fibres and matrix as well as the cross sectional area of the fibre bundles for the first time without subjective influences. The load bearing behaviour of unidirectional fabric reinforcement made from AR-glass filament yarns is examined with experimental methods. Stress-strain-curves from uniaxial tension tests on strain specimen provide a basis. Reinforcements of unidirectional multi filament yarns show already phenomenon?s that are not known from reinforcements with compact homogeneous cross sections (bars or wires). Multi filament yarns could be indicated as an composite material itself whose properties vary in a wide range. During fabric production with textile technologies the (bond-)properties are subject to crucial changes. The adding of extra layers of yarns and needle thread required for connecting these layers are of vital importance. Textile processing changes shape and packing density of the multi filament yarns. The interaction of all these influences and the possible range of combining all parameters lead to pronounced changes in the mechanical properties of textile reinforced concrete also compared to unidirectional fibre reinforcement. Using simple to handle models this work attempts to explain characteristics of the mechanical behaviour. However, for textile reinforced concrete there is often not a clear connection visible. Although numerous typical characteristics of textile reinforced concrete and their causes has been identified. Finally some considerations for optimising fabric reinforcements are given, which has been derived from observed phenomenons and their causes.

The thesis deals with the natural substances in context with the cancer disease. The natural substances have a positive effect on the human organism and they are able to influence the viability and the growth of the cancer cells. The main mechanical device is to influence the mechanisms needed to start the apoptosis of the cancer cells and stopping further proliferation. The cancer cell lines utilization in the cancer disease is discussed in the thesis too. The thesis states common methods of determining the natural substances cytotoxicity. For the experimental part of the thesis it was chosen the MTT test method and the xCELLigence system for monitoring in real time. The mechanical device of the tested substance capsaicin in application on the prostate cell lines, tumorous PC3 and nontumorous PNT1A influence will be observed within the experimental part of the thesis.

This master’s thesis deals with the issue of scanning human fingerprints, which is currently very topical and represents the most widespread biometric technology. The theoretical part of the work acquaints the reader with basics of dactyloscopy and biometrics and concerns technologies used for fingerprinting, image preprocessing methods and commercially available contactless optical scanners. The practical part is a realisation of a contactless optical scanner based on a Raspberry Pi minicomputer, implementation of preprocessing algorithms in Python and testing of the device from the perspective of image quality.

This work outlines a method of detection of the papillary line width in fingerprints. This method is one of the possible methods of liveness detection. The first part of the work with deals defining of the fingerprint, attacks on today's systems and possibilities to improve security. The next section detection describes of the papillary line width. During the process of resolving, the first thing to do was to start operation of the scanning device and to read the database for tests and experiments. An independent application was created on this purpose. Further, there were projected methods for detection and measuring of the papillary line width. Use of the Canny edge detector with the Sobel operator and the Gaussian filter proved the best. Then, there is described implementation of individual methods. The next part of the work describes and assesses the results of the tests. The last chapter summarizes the work and proposes further possibilities of development.

This thesis focuses on shell shape plasticity of Unio crassus at 12 localities. 1129 shape outlines were used for the purposes of this work. The outlines were gained from 260 individuals in the way of analysing the winter growth lines. The Elliptic Fourier Analysis appeared to be reasonable tool for the bivalves' shells shapes assessment. The winter growth lines' consideration showed great potential for morphometric analyses. The results shows that PC1 and PC2 axes (from principal component analysis of shape coeficients) are growth- dependent. The allometry influence was removed by residual values assessment obtained from generalized linear model (GLM). The age, length and width parameters appears to be favourable combination for general allometry influence removal (by using these parameters as describing variables in GLM model). The results point to significant differences among localities in all assessed parameters. Furthermore, the significant difference in growth speed was approved. Speed growth indicator correlates with shape variables. The localities can be divided into two groups with different growth speed each (Bertalanffy growth constant, length in the third year and age relative length). These groups differs in about 10 mm in average lengths. The most similar localities were "Blanice...

The submitted doctoral thesis examines the function and performance of the motive of a snake in four selected texts about artists of the German romantic period and perceives the snake as an attribute reflecting the problems of the artistic existence and a way to the artistic work, possibly of the artistic work at all. When interpreting the single motives of the snake, three-phase procedure as applied by Erwin Panofsky in description of the motives in the pictures has been chosen by analogy for literary texts. The interpretation is based on the structural position of the motive of the snake in the text and its performance in the text. Subsequently, the principal role is revelation of contexts which updates the given motive of the snake - in particular they are biblical snakes, mythical snakes and a serpentine line as a line of beauty which was the subject of the period aesthetic discourse. The meaning of the motive of the snake in the texts is given primarily by the mutual interaction of theme contexts which is in the single texts realized by various ways. The motive of the snake as formed in the single interpreted texts is a highly complex motive in all the cases. Thanks to the possibility of connotation with the snakes from the sphere of the Bible and mythology the literary motive of the snake becomes a...

Despite advances in cancer diagnosis and therapy, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. The improvements of cancer treatment are the major challenge in this research. The aim of the thesis was studying of effects of two anticancer drugs ellipticine (Elli) and doxorubicin (DOX) on some cancer and healthy cell lines. Specific consideration was given to expand current knowledge about the metabolism and cytostatic effects of Elli in neuroblastoma cell lines. Another part of this study was focused on mechanisms contributing to the development of ellipticine-resistance in cancer cells and influence of histone deacetylase inhibitors on anticancer therapy was investigated. Moreover, the aim was to develop apoferritin (Apo) nanocarrier suitable for the active transport of cytostatics to cancer cells. Several essential data were found in this doctoral thesis. Anticancer efficiency of Elli depends on the CYP3A4-mediated metabolism in cancer. The CYP3A4 enzyme encapsulated into two nanoparticle forms, liposomes and SupersomesTM , was tested to activate ellipticine to its reactive species forming covalent DNA adducts. The formation of adducts seems to be dependent on concentrations of CYP3A4 in nanoparticle systems. A higher effectiveness of CYP3A4 in SupersomesTM than in liposomes to form...

Cytokinins are a large group of phytohormones. Since their discovery in the 1950s, they have shown to play a pivotal role in plant physiology. Most studies so far focused on cytokinin action mechanisms and their metabolic regulation. Identification of AtABCG14 and AtPUP14 as cytokinin-specific membrane carriers brought researchers' attention to cytokinin membrane transport, too. In this thesis, we performed experiments with radio-labelled cytokinin tracers. We show that trans-zeatin and isopentenyladenine, two major biologically active cytokinins, are readily transported across the plasma membrane in tobacco BY-2 cell suspension. Making use of mathematical modelling, we show that BY-2 cells possess a membrane transport system with an affinity toward cytokinins. Next, we show that atabcg14 and atpup14 mutations affect cytokinin metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Keywords: cytokinin, Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco BY-2 cell lines, membrane transport, purine permease, ATP-binding cassette, radio-labelling

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect mammals, including humans, which are characterized by accumulation of pathologi- cal prion protein isoform (PrPTSE ) in the brain. The animals were commonly used for the prion disease research in the past but in recent years, the tissue cultures are being used as well. Tissue cultures have many advantages com- pared with animals. E.g. the possibility of a detailed study of the biochemical processes associated with prion diseases, and rapid and sensitive PrPTSE de- tecting method. However no reliable in vitro model was developed for human prion diseases so far. We focused on monitoring of transmission and propagation efficiency of different prion strains and on the influence of cultivation conditions on the transfer of the neuronal cell line CAD5, which is highly sensitive to prion infection. We confirmed the sensitivity of CAD5 cells to mouse-adapted scra- pie prion strains and we presented new facts about their ability to propagate mouse adapted prions of human strains and bovine spongiform encepha- lopathy. We have used CAD5 cell sensitivity to be infected with different prion strains in other parts of this work. In the second part, we focused on the cell sensitivity to prion infection and propagation of prion strains under different culture...

The regulation of gene expression is achieved at many levels. Chromatin-based gene regulation has been the central focus of many decades of research; however, posttranscriptional control mechanisms are emerging as a fundamental complement to direct protein synthesis. This thesis is focused on a specific mechanism of posttranscriptional control - the translational regulation of mRNAs in the cell cytoplasm. This control is a consequence of the balance between translational repression and activation and hinges on the selective recognition of regulated mRNAs by RNA-binding proteins and their ability to recruit RNA modifying proteins. In this thesis, Caenorhabditis elegans germline was used to study translational control of the germ cell-enriched gene, gld-2. Mutants of known RNA-binding proteins of the PUF and CPB protein families were analyzed by performing Western blots, using anti-GLD-2 antibodies. Yeast 3-Hybrid system was used to identify the cis-regulatory sites in the gld-2 mRNA conferring translational regulation by members of PUF and CPB protein families. Potential autoregulatory loop of gld-2 gene expression was also investigated. This thesis shows that FBF proteins positively regulate expression of gld-2 and bind to a conserved sequence in the 3'UTR of its mRNA. Mutations of gld-2 negatively affect...