Zugl.: Salzburg, Univ., Diss., 2005

[pt] O trabalho dissertativo aborda os mais representativos marcos da recepção do pensamento do filósofo Barukh de Spinoza no Brasil. Tal recepção não foi realizada apenas por acadêmicos da filosofia. Dentre os elencados aqui neste trabalho, eles não são nem mesmo a maioria. Hoje, esta recepção possui mais de cento e sessenta anos de história, abarcando diferentes momentos da vida intelectual nacional. As diferentes realidades e suas transformações – no âmbito acadêmico e cultural –, pelas quais o país passou, implicam diretamente naquilo que é publicado e também no provável público para o qual se destina. Este trabalho contextualiza a realidade na qual cada obra foi escrita. Quanto mais antiga é a obra, maior é a preocupação com o contexto no qual ela se deu. Neste percurso histórico vemos a construção do campo acadêmico nacional. Vemos assim uma produção filosófica anterior à própria academia. Também há nestas páginas a tentativa de olhar para o público interessado. Estando a leitura no lugar de onde não se ecoa, esta dissertação apenas consegue apresentar indícios sobre a massa crítica. O apelo à realidade das editoras é apenas uma tentativa de fornecer pistas sobre a existência de possíveis leitores. / [en] The argumentative work addresses the most representative landmarks of the reception of the thought of the philosopher Barukh de Spinoza in Brazil. Such a reception was not made only by scholars of philosophy. Among those listed, they are not even the majority. Today, this reception has more than one hundred and sixty years of history, covering different moments of the national intellectual life. The different realities and their transformations - in the academic and cultural spheres - that the country went through, directly imply in what is published and also in the probable audience for which it is intended. This work contextualizes the reality in which each publication was written. The older the work, the greater the concern with the context in which it took place. In this historical path we see the construction of the national academic field. We thus see a philosophical production prior to the academy itself. There is also an attempt on these pages to look at the interested public. Being the reading in the place where it is not echoed, this dissertation can only present indications about the critical mass. The appeal to the publishers reality is just an attempt to provide clues about the existence of possible readers.

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Ce mémoire traite des Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live de Nicolas Machiavel. Notre problématique est de savoir pourquoi Machiavel s'est intéressé à l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, dans quelle optique il la lit, la commente et comment il en tire des leçons pour la vie politique de Florence. Dans un premier chapitre, nous présentons notre méthode qui s'inspire de l'école contextualiste de Cambridge. Nous replaçons ensuite Machiavel dans son époque à travers une brève biographie puis nous présentons l'Histoire Romaine de Tite-Live, ainsi que son auteur. Dans un second chapitre nous présentons les Discours sur la Première Décade de Tite-Live et le contexte de leur rédaction. Nous démontrons pourquoi cette œuvre de Machiavel est à la fois en continuité et en rupture avec leur époque (la Renaissance). Nous étudions les liens possibles entre l'antique Rome et Florence au XVIe siècle. Nous commentons ensuite certains chapitres des Discours à titre d'exemple. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous traitons des enjeux philosophiques des Discours: la vision de l'Histoire qui en ressort, le rôle des concepts de virtù et de fortuna et enfin, la possibilité d'actualiser l'approche de Machiavel, c'est-à-dire prendre en compte - ou non - les exemples de l'Histoire pour décider aujourd'hui des modes de l'agir politique. / This master thesis is about Niccolò Machiavelli's Discourses on Livy. Our main issue is to know why did Machiavelli interest in Livy's History of Rome, from which point of view did he read and comment on it, and the political lessons he taught Florence from it. In chapter one, we present our method inspired from the Cambridge contextualist school. Next, we put Machiavelli back in his time through a short biography; then we present Livy's History of Rome, and the author himself. In chapter two, we present the Discourses on Livy and the background in which Machiavellli wrote it. We demonstrate how this work follows on from the Renaissance litterature and at the same time breaks with it. Then we study the possible connections between the ancient Rome and the 16th century Florence. Afterwards, we comment some chapters of the Discourses, as an exemple. The last chapter deals with the philosophical issues in the Discourses: which view on History reveals through it, which part do play the concepts of virtù and fortuna and finally, the possibility of updating Machiavelli's approach, that is to say taking - or not - into account the historical exemples as a guide for today's political action.