With the advent of technology scaling lifetime reliability is an emerging threat in high-performance and deadline-critical systems. High on-chip thermal gradients accelerates localised thermal elevations (hotspots) which increases the aging rate of the semiconductor devices. As a result, reliable operation of the processors has become a challenging task. Therefore, cost effective schemes for estimating temperature and reliability are crucial. In this work we present a reliability estimation scheme that is based on a light-weight temperature estimation technique that monitors hardware events. Unlike previously pro- posed hardware counter-based approaches, our approach involves a linear-temporal-feedback estimator, taking into account the effects of thermal inertia. The proposed approach shows an average absolute error of We then present a counter-based technique to estimate the thermal accelerated aging factor (TAAF), which is an indicator of lifetime reliability. Results demonstrate that the estimation error is within [−3, +5].

The diploma thesis deals with the optical response of resonant infrared antennas on silicon dioxide thin film. At first, theory of electromagnetism at metal/dielectric interfaces is described. In the next part, experimental and numerical methods used in the thesis are described and strong coupling between two systems is explained. In the final part of the thesis, the optical response of resonant infrared antennas on a silicon dioxide thin film is studied by Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy and FDTD simulations which both show the strong coupling between localized plasmons and phonons in silicon dioxide.

The presented diploma thesis is focused on the Localized Surface Plasmons (LSP). The far-field optical response of the colloidal solutions of gold nanoparticles caused by LSP was investigated and compared with the numerical calculations. For the simulations, the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) and Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) techniques were employed. In particular, the shape and size effects of spherical particles and nanorods were studied. The simulations performed by both methods are in a good agreement for the spheres. For the nanorods, the resonance was found to be affected markedly by their geometry. Also, broader resonance peaks were found. This effect was assigned to the sample size distribution and its influence is discussed by comparing the simulations with experiments. In addition, synthesis of nanorods was carried out as well. Finally, the results on the study of optical properties of silver clusters formed under equilibrium conditions are presented.

Les métamatériaux (MMs) sont des composants artificiels présentant des propriétés électromagnétiques qui n'existent pas dans les matériaux conventionnels naturels. Malgré des développements spectaculaires depuis les années 2000 en radiofréquence et aussi en optique, principalement en mode radiatif, les applications des MMs en optique guidée dans l'objectif de la miniaturisation des composants optoélectroniques sont restés très rares. Donc, poursuivant les recherches sur les MMs plasmoniques en optique guidée initiées par M. Kanté, Mme Ghasemi et Mme Dubrovina, ce travail de thèse constitue une contribution originale à la conception et à la réalisation de composants optoélectroniques basés sur des MMs, y compris leur simulation et leur caractérisation.Durant cette thèse, 3 composants ont été proposés dont 2 ont été réalisés et caractérisés. Ce sont littéralement les premières démonstrations d'applications des MMs à des composants compacts en optique guidée et on peut en conclure qu'une nouvelle famille de composants infrarouges est ici proposée. Cette approche considérée est générique, et elle est compatible avec les plateformes de circuit intégrés conventionnels: Si, InGaAsP / InP, silice dopé, etc. En outre, on démontre que le contrôle à la fois de la variation de l'indice effectif du guide associé au MM et de la fréquence de résonance du MM avec qui travaillent ces composants, sont accessibles simplement en modifiant les dimensions des nanofils qui les composent. Cela permettra à ces composants de fonctionner à d'autres fréquences intéressantes. / Metamaterials (MMs) are artificial components with electromagnetic properties that do not exist in conventional natural materials. Despite tremendous developments achieved since the 2000s in radiofrequency and also in optics, mainly in the radiative mode, the applications of MMs in guided optics, in order to miniaturize the conventional optoelectronic components still remain nearly blank. Following the studies on plasmonic MM in waveguided optics initiated by Mr. Kanté, Mrs. Ghasemi and Mrs. Dubrovina, this thesis work constitutes an original contribution to the design and realization of optoelectronic components based on MMs, including their simulation and characterization methods. During this thesis, 3 components have been proposed, of which 2 have been realized and characterized. These are literally the first demonstrations of MM applications to compact components in waveguided optics and it can be concluded that a new family of infrared components is proposed here. This approach is generic and compatible with conventional integrated circuit platforms: Si, InGaAsP / InP, doped silica, etc. Moreover, it is shown that the control of both the variation of the effective index of the guide associated with the MM, and the resonance frequency of the MM with which these components work, is accessible simply by modifying the dimensions of the nanowires. This will allow these components to operate at other frequencies.

The duration of exile in refugee communities has grown immensely over the last two decades. Recent humanitarian reports have called for actors to create more coordinated global support for the refugee crises. In these recent calls, the desire to break a cycle of dependency between the refugee community and international aid has been a clear priority. Hence, education has emerged as a strategic action to foster refugee self-reliance, particularly higher education (HE) and technical and vocational education and training (TVET). There are many opportunities to use HE and TVET to benefit the refugee community, including: developing solutions to improve living conditions, enabling new opportunities for learning pathways, allowing refugees to contribute to the economy in hosting countries, or preparing them to rebuild their lives once they return to their home countries. However, the economic, political, and cultural complexities of refugee communities often add layers of challenges to typical formal HE and TVET programs. In addition, the existing literature in refugee education still lacks a coherent analysis of these factors and conditions for adoption of HE and TVET programs, especially for refugees living in camps. <div>To address these gaps, this dissertation presents three studies that investigate an undergraduate introductory engineering course for refugees called Localized Engineering in Displacement (LED). Specifically, I draw on effective learning and policy frameworks to understand how to situate engineering education across HE and TVET and advance LED in refugee camps. The first study presents a case study examining the iterative processes of creation and implementation of the LED course in the Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. As a general outcome of my study, I describe the novel approach to teaching engineering design for learners in the Azraq refugee camp and its applications to other contexts. The second study examines the LED course implemented in the Kakuma refugee camp. The Kakuma refugee camp is situated in Kenya and considered the largest refugee camp in the world, thus providing a different context of refugee camps. I discuss the contextual challenges to transfer, develop, and implement to a new context and present the course outcomes and experiences based on the course participants’ reflections. The third study extends findings from the first and second studies by using a comparative case study to critically examine the development process and challenges of engineering education in refugee camps. Central to my analysis is the connection between the challenges identified in both camps and existing actors involved with refugee education. </div><div>My research uses two case studies to underscore the complexity of the LED course development in the Azraq and Kakuma camps. I seek to foster a debate about the challenges that influence the development of higher engineering education programs in refugee camps and how different actors can collaborate to advance high-quality engineering education initiatives in refugee contexts. Overall, this dissertation clarifies some of the biggest challenges to implement engineering education in refugee settings, how different actors can collaborate to mitigate these challenges, and how these findings expose the misalignment between the international rhetoric and reality on the ground in refugee camps.</div>

Práce pojednává o vlastnostech plazmonických antén v infračervené a viditelné oblasti. Práce zahrnuje výrobu, měření a numerické modelování optických vlastností antén. Infračervené plazmonické antény na absorbujícím substrátu (SRON) jsou studovány pro jejich rezonanční a absorpční vlastnosti. Byla nalezena geometrie antény, která poskytuje maximální účinnost absorpce ve SRON vrstvě. Dále je studována možnost zesílení daného vibračního módu substrátu (obsahujícího 3-4 materiálové rezonance) pomocí plazmonické rezonance antény. Nakonec jsou prezentována měření katodoluminiscenčních spekter antén ve viditelném spektru.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第19959号 / 理博第4226号 / 新制||理||1607(附属図書館) / 33055 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 寺西 利治, 教授 倉田 博基, 教授 島川 祐一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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