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A model-based safety analysis approach for high-integrity socio-technical component-based systemsSefer, Edin January 2015 (has links)
Designing high-integrity socio-technical systems requires a thorough understanding of all safety risks of such systems. For many years, safety risk assessment has been conducted separately for hardware, software, human, organizational and other entities in socio-technical systems. Safety risk assessment that does not consider all factors at the same time cannot adequately capture the wide variety of safety risk scenarios that need to be considered. This thesis proposes a model-based analysis approach that allows interpretation of humans and organizations in terms of components and their behavior in terms of failure logic. The proposal is built on top of the tool-supported model-based failure logic analysis technique called CHESS-FLA. CHESS-FLA supports the analysis of the component-based system architectures to understand what can go wrong at a system level, by applying failure logic rules at a component level. CHESS-FLA addresses only hardware and software components and as such it is inadequate for the analysis of socio-technical systems. This thesis proposes an extension of CHESS-FLA based on the preexisting classification (developed within SERA), of failures of socio entities. This extension combines CHESS-FLA and SERA - classification and delivers an approach named Concerto-FLA. Concerto-FLA is fully integrated into the CONCERTO framework allowing an automated analysis to be performed on architectures that contain human, organizational and technical entities present in socio-technical systems. The use of the approach is demonstrated on a case study extracted from the petroleum domain. The effectiveness of the delivered tool is briefly evaluated based on the results from the case study. / CONCERTO project
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Programa de Humanização do Parto: análise da teoria e implantação em SalvadorMartinho, Rosana Machado Lopes January 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011 / O artigo pretende avaliar a teoria do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento no Brasil, a fim de verificar se o programa é desenhado de tal modo que possa alcançar os resultados pretendidos. Foi realizada uma análise lógica direta no sentido discutido por Brousselle e Champagne, através da comparação do modelo lógico e modelo teórico do programa. Identificou-se que o referido programa é apenas, parcialmente, fundamentado em evidências científicas. Seu principal problema está na definição abrangente de humanização que engloba tanto aspectos da qualidade técnica do cuidado quanto de uma difusa e não explicitada “cidadania”. Além disso, os objetivos do programa estão definidos de forma genérica e pouco preciso o que torna mais difícil a compreensão da intervenção por parte daqueles que os executa, especialmente, os profissionais de saúde. Conclui-se que o Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento foi desenhado de uma forma que alguns elos causais podem comprometer a produção dos resultados esperados. Em sentido contrário, deve-se fortalecer o programa e, para isso, faz-se necessário investir numa discussão mais ampla com todos os níveis de governança envolvidos na implantação desta política, a fim de delimitar o escopo da assistência humanizada e, conseqüentemente, evitar que essa temática represente um grande “guarda-chuva” capaz de abarcar e solucionar todos os problemas na assistência ao parto e nascimento. / Salvador
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Aplikace fuzzy logiky při hodnocení dodavatelů firmy / The Application of Fuzzy Logic for Rating of Suppliers for the FirmZegzulka, Ivo January 2014 (has links)
This thesis deals with the design of fuzzy system that can evaluate supplier of spare parts for service. The result should be applicable to a company Iveta Šťastníková - car and tire service. Primarily it should simplify operations associated with the selection of appropriate spare parts, tools and other equipment needed to operate with car service station. First, we introduce the theoretical basis for the paper, and then we go to the present state and the analysis itself. The result is a proposed solution which should correspond to the needs of the owner.
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Revue réaliste des modèles de services de première ligneCockenpot, Aurore 01 1900 (has links)
Problématique : Il est de plus en plus clair que la pérennité des systèmes de santé repose en partie sur un élargissement des soins offerts par des équipes de première ligne. Il existe de nombreux exemples de modèles de soins primaires performants dans plusieurs pays. Par contre, en général, le Québec peine à atteindre ses objectifs d’accessibilité, d’équité et d’efficience. Les études s’accumulent sur l'importance des soins infirmiers en soins de santé primaire, mais elles fournissent peu de données sur comment entreprendre ces changements en fonction des éléments contextuels propres à chaque milieu. La complexité des interventions à mettre en place pose de nombreux défis. Objectif : Ce mémoire rapporte les résultats d'une revue réaliste portant sur l'optimisation de la contribution des infirmières dans les équipes interprofessionnelles en soins de santé primaire. Méthodologie : Pour ce faire, une analyse de la littérature, basée sur la revue réaliste et l’analyse logique, a permis de déterminer des caractéristiques structurelles désirables de modèles de services de première ligne qui tendent à une contribution étendue ou optimisée des équipes interprofessionnelles. Résultats : La revue réaliste a permis d'élaborer deux typologies analytiques permettant d'établir des bases de fonctionnement cohérentes pour améliorer la performance des modèles de services de première ligne. Conclusion : Ces typologies souhaitent ultimement faciliter l'utilisation des données probantes aux décideurs afin de soutenir les processus de transformation nécessaires en première ligne au Québec. / Background: It increasingly appears that the sustainability of health systems depends in part on expanding the care provided by primary care teams. There are many examples of successful primary care models in several countries. However, Quebec generally fails to meet its objectives of accessibility, equity and efficiency. There is growing evidence on the importance of nursing care in primary health services, but it provides little actionable advice on how to reform primary care models given the diversity of clinical settings. The complexity of the interventions needed to reform primary care models is a challenge. Objective: This research reports the results of a realist review on optimizing the contribution of interprofessional and nursing teams in primary health care. Method: An analysis of the literature based on the realist review and the logic analysis was conducted to determine the desirable structural characteristics of health care services models that tend to an extended or optimized contribution of interprofessional teams. Results: The realist review helped to develop two analytical typologies to establish coherent operating bases to improve the performance of models of primary health services. Practice implications : These typologies ultimately aim to facilitate the use of evidence for decision makers to support the necessary transformation processes of primary health care in Quebec.
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L’analyse d’implantation du modèle Recovery college au QuébecGomes Chaves, Breitner 03 1900 (has links)
Le modèle Recovery College représente une innovation majeure en matière de santé mentale communautaire en contribuant à l’agenda des pratiques orientées vers le rétablissement. Les centres RC sont conçus pour être des « centres d’apprentissage » qui utilisent une approche éducationnelle plutôt que thérapeutique. Le modèle met en valeur, entre autres, l’importance de renforcer l’autodétermination et le pouvoir d’agir des personnes ainsi que des communautés en matière de santé mentale et de bien-être. Un élément essentiel du modèle Recovery College est d'encourager « les apprenants ou participants » (pas les patients) à devenir des experts de leur propre santé mentale.
La plupart des travaux de recherche publiés sur le modèle RC n’ont mis l’accent que sur les effets de l’intervention, notamment chez les personnes en rétablissement qui utilisent les services de santé mentale traditionnels. De plus, il existe une lacune à propos de mécanismes par lesquels des changements et effets se produisent par l’application du modèle, de même qu’en ce qui concerne les dynamiques interactives des facteurs contextuels qui influent sur la mise en œuvre, et les effets restent encore mal compris.
Dans cette perspective, cette thèse décrit et analyse le processus de mise en œuvre du Centre d’apprentissage Santé et Rétablissement (CASR) implanté au Québec (modèle Recovery College).
Afin d’apprécier le bien-fondé théorique de l’intervention, trois étapes ont été suivies : 1) construction du modèle logique ; 2) construction du cadre comparatif; 3) analyse comparative du modèle de changement de l’intervention.
Pour analyser la dynamique interactionnelle de l’intervention dans son contexte, une démarche qualitative reposant sur un devis d’étude de cas unique a été menée. Le cas correspond à l’implantation du modèle RC au Québec. L’échantillon, de type raisonné, regroupait 13 personnes (gestionnaires, membres des organisations partenaires et participants-formateurs). Les données ont été recueillies d’octobre 2019 à novembre 2020. Elles sont basées sur des entrevues structurées, sur des observations directes (participatives et non participatives) et sur des consultations de documents internes. Une approche générale d’analyse inductive proposée par Thomas (2006) a été utilisée comme méthode d’analyse pour la codification et le raffinement des entrevues.
L’analyse logique de l’intervention a démontré que le modèle québécois est, de façon générale, bien fondé à la lumière de la littérature scientifique actuelle. En plus, elle a soulevé des points d’amélioration en vue de favoriser la concrétisation de certains effets escomptés, notamment en ce qui concerne la promotion du « pouvoir d’agir » des participants et « la transformation de pratiques des services et systèmes de santé » proposée par le modèle.
L’analyse d’implantation du modèle a mis en exergue un ensemble de déterminants influençant autant la transformation de l’intervention que son degré de mise en œuvre. Les déterminants influençant la forme de l’intervention ont été regroupés dans trois catégories : 1) déterminants liés aux caractéristiques et à l’expérience des parties prenantes de l’intervention; 2) déterminants liés à l’environnement interne de l’organisation; 3) déterminants liés au contexte externe de l’intervention. Les déterminants influençant la mise en œuvre de l’intervention, pour leur part, ont été regroupés selon trois dimensions : 1) individuelle; 2) organisationnelle; 3) externe.
Quelques recommandations ont été suggérées portant sur deux volets : 1) les recommandations pour soutenir les démarches d’amélioration continue du modèle RC au Québec (but formatif); 2) les recommandations de recherche à venir pour soutenir à la fois la construction des théories explicatives des mécanismes de fonctionnement du modèle RC et de validation des résultats analysés dans cette recherche.
Cette étude est la première analyse d’implantation portant sur le modèle RC au monde. Les produits de cette recherche contribueront également en fournissant des fondements théoriques comparatifs pour les autres centres RC implantés (ou en voie d’implantation), tout en favorisant des comparaisons entre différents sites. / The Recovery College model represents a major innovation in community mental health by contributing to the recovery-oriented practice agenda. RC centers are "learning centers" that use an educational rather than a therapeutic approach. The model emphasizes, among other things, the importance of empowering individuals and communities to take action on their mental health and well-being. An essential element of the Recovery Colleges model is to encourage "learners or participants" (not patients) to become experts in their mental health.
Most of the published evaluative research on the RC model has focused only on the effects of the intervention, particularly among people in recovery who use traditional mental health services. In addition, there is a gap in the mechanisms by which changes and effects occur through the model. Besides, the interactive dynamics of contextual factors on implementation and effects remain to be understood.
From this perspective, this thesis describes and analyzes the implementation process of the Recovery College Model in Quebec.
Three steps were followed to assess the theoretical plausibility of the intervention: 1) construction of the logic model; 2) construction of the comparative framework; 3) comparative analysis of the program theory of the intervention.
A qualitative approach based on a single case study design was conducted to analyze the interactional dynamics of the intervention with its context. The case corresponds to the implementation of the RC model in Quebec. The sample was purposive and included 13 individuals (managers, members of partner organizations, and participant-trainers). The data were collected between October 2019 and November 2020. They are based on structured interviews, direct observations (participatory and non-participatory), and consultations of internal documents. A general inductive analysis approach proposed by Thomas (2006) was used as the analytical method for coding and refining the interviews.
The logical analysis of the intervention demonstrated that the Quebec model is, in general, well-founded in light of the current scientific literature. In addition, it raised points for improvement to promote the realization of specific expected effects, particularly concerning the promotion of participants' "empowerment" and the "transformation of health services and systems practices" envisioned by the model.
The analysis of the implementation of the model highlighted a set of determinants influencing both the transformation of the intervention and its degree of implementation. Determinants influencing the form of the intervention were categorized into three groups: 1) Determinants related to the characteristics and experience of the stakeholders of the intervention; 2) Determinants related to the internal environment of the organization; 3) Determinants related to the external context of the intervention. The determinants influencing the implementation of the intervention, in turn, were categorized into three dimensions: 1) individual; 2) organizational; 3) external.
Some recommendations were suggested in two streams. 1) Recommendations to support the continuous improvement of the RC model in Quebec (formative goal); 2) Recommendations for future research to support both the construction of explanatory theories of the operating mechanisms of the RC model and the validation of the results found in this research.
Although the RC model is present in at least 20 countries, this study is the first analysis of implementation on a Recovery College learning center. The products of this research will also contribute by providing a comparative theoretical foundation for other RC centers, enabling comparisons across sites
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