Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, Jan., 1977. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-209).

Diss.--Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1995. / Bibliogr. p. 153-163. Résumé en anglais.

Bibliography: p. 119-126. Discusses factors which affect the increase of small holdings output in and effort to increase the farmers income.

Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.

Akademisk avhandling--Socialantropologi--Göteborg, 1982. / Glossaire p. 227-233. Bibliogr. p. 235-246.

In Lombok Island (Indonesia), the ratio of land area to population is already low, and is likely to decrease because of the increasing size of the human population. The management of land resources is, therefore, important, to ensure the wise and sustainable use of the available land in meeting population demands, especially for food. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used successfully in resource management, and this area of their application has been a major driver in the development of GIS. Because agrosystems need to be tuned to the specific characteristics of regional environments, regionalisation is one way to improve agricultural production and the management of agrotechnology development. The identification of potential areas for growing soybean, peanut and common bean was conducted based on two tools: GIS analysis and the 30 group regionalisation. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages. Using GIS, exact mapping of the potential category of each grid cell can be done, but it cannot be used to estimate the total humid periods and suitable planting times in a year. Using a regionalisation, these can be done, but only when purposes is suggested as more widely applicable than using GIS analysis. Both techniques have a role to play. Based on an initial validation of the techniques employed and the results obtained, further work is suggested, either for the optimum application of the results presently obtained or for the improvement of the techniques of analysis and thence the production of results for future use. / Master of Science (Hons)

Thesis--Utrecht, 1978. / "Stellingen" (1 leaf) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 342-345).

In Lombok (Indonesia), annual cropping patterns in irrigated areas are divided into three cropping cycles of four months each. In better irrigation schemes, there are normally two irrigated flooded-rice crops, i.e. wet season and dry season lowland rice crops in sequence, followed by one non-rice crop cycle during the driest months (this is referred to as the twice-rice system). In less developed irrigation schemes, one lowland rice crop is normally grown during the rainy season, followed during the driest months by two cycles of non-rice crops, or a non-rice crop and a fallow (this is referred to as the once-rice system). In rainfed areas, especially in the vertisol soil areas, there are upland rice systems in the highland or hillsides, and “Gora” (dry seeded-flooded) rice systems in the lowland. In this area, rice is grown only once a year during the rainy season of the monsoon. Farmers in Lombok do not normally fertilise the non-rice crops such as soybean and mungbean grown following rice, and application rates of fertiliser to rice have fallen since the economic crisis in 1998. Therefore phosphorus (P) deficiency may be expected, which may explain the very low yields of soybean and mungbean achieved by farmers in Lombok. With low P, arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) might be expected to play an important role in plant nutrition, but inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increased root colonisation and yield of these crops in a recent field experiment in Lombok. There had been no survey of AMF populations in rice-based systems in Lombok prior to the work reported here, and little such work anywhere internationally. Therefore, an extensive survey was conducted in Lombok on the two main soil types with rice-based systems. Another field survey was conducted in the Riverina rice-growing area (Australia), as a comparative study to the Lombok survey. In Lombok, rice systems with longer total annual flooding duration had lower populations compared with upland or Gora rice systems. It was therefore suggested that the lower colonisation level in flooded rice was due to the flooded conditions, as well as soil chemical properties associated with flooded conditions, rather than the rice plant itself. There are options for improving AMF population for better growth of non-rice rotation crops, or even for rice crop in Lombok as fertilisers become less affordable and their use on flooded rice is declining. The easiest option is to inoculate AM fungi in the nursery or to make nursery beds in a paddock previously cropped with AMF-stimulating species, such as soybean, to start infection on rice seedlings, which should be better with a dry nursery. The second option is to modify the technique of growing rice, such as applying the SRI (System of Rice Intensification) principles, in which rice is grown without flooded conditions but intermittent short flooded and upland conditions. This will keep the soil in an aerobic condition much of the time and should facilitate the development of beneficial microbial populations and activities in the soil, such as AMF and nitrogen fixers. The SRI method has been reported to increase rice yield dramatically, even in soil with low fertility levels. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

[Abstract]: Indonesia decentralized its education system in January 2001 requiring all schools to become self managing at their local level. Training was put in place to assist schools with tasks that would facilitate this process such as writing School Development Plans and establishing the newly mandated School Committees. However no specific plans emerged to provide schools with training in educational leadership. Understandingand practising leadership goes hand in hand with understanding the nuances of decentralization. A different style of leadership is required to make sense of decentralization, a style of leadership that does not rely upon top-down authority but instead shares leadership across the school community and encourages leadership to emanate from below. In 2004 a leadership training project was undertaken in three rural school communities in Central Lombok. Its purpose was to consider the emergence of new leadership practices when schools are given the opportunity to be involved in leadership training across a six month period. The leadership training project was attached to a current Aid project to gauge the appropriateness of including a leadership training program in future Aid projects. Within Indonesia Aid projects from a range of international donors are a frequent source of enhancing physical and teaching and learning environments in schools. The leadership training project commenced with a two day live in workshop followed by six months in-school experience, which involved school and individual projects to practise leadership. The design included six-weekly site visits and all participants maintained a weekly reflective journal. The data collected was presented in the form of case studies of each of the three schools, which were subsequently used to inform a Report presented tothe Indonesian Ministry of National Education. Findings presented in this Report affirm that a leadership training program of this nature does provide a valuable way forward through training in school leadership practices that allow school communities to effectively work within a school based management environment. This Report recommended that the trialled leadership training program would be a valuable inclusion in future educational AID projects throughout Indonesia.ii

En tant qu'événement parmi les plus puissants de l'histoire éruptive récente de Lombok, les matériaux volcaniques expulsés par le volcan Samalas en 1257 couvrent toute l'île de Lombok et sont largement répandus dans sa partie est. Près de 800 ans après l'éruption, l'impact géomorphologique de cette éruption sur l'île reste inconnu, alors que ses conséquences climatiques et sociétales globales sont désomais mieux comprises. Une combinaison des informations stratigraphiques, des topographies actuelles, des mesures géophysiques, des sources écrites locales, analyse de laboratoire et informatique ont été utilisées pour obtenir des informations détaillées sur les impacts géomorphologiques de l'éruption du volcan Samalas sur la zone côtière le long du détroit d' Alas, Nusa Tenggara Ouest, Indonésie. Cette étude fournit de nouvelles informations relatives à l'impact géomorphologique d'une éruption volcanique majeure dans des zones côtières, dans ce cas-ci, dans la partie est de Lombok, ainsi que sur la côte ouest de Sumbawa. En premier lieu, les résultats de l'étude montrent que le paysage de la partie est de Lombok est encore évolué jusqu'à présent. Le volume de matière volcanique de l'éruption des Samalas reste à environ 14% du volume initial. Deuxièmement, la découverte de Babad Suwung fournit une description supplémentaire de l'éruption des Samalas sur l'île de Sumbawa et pourraient être la plus ancienne observation visuelle de déferlantes pyroclastiques après celles de Pline Ie Jeune en 79 pour le Vésuve. Enfin, l'éruption du volcan Samalas en 1257 a prouvé avoir déclenché un tsunami mineur qui a frappé l'île de Belang, sur la côte ouest de Sumbawa. / As the most powerful event in Lombok’s recent eruptive history, volcanic materials thatwere expelled by the Samalas volcano in 1257 CE covered the entire of Lombok Islandand are widespread in its eastern part. Almost 800 years after the eruption, the geomorphological impact of this eruption on the island of Lombok remains unknown,whereas its overall climatic and societal consequences are now better understood. Acombination of stratigraphic information, present-day topography, geophysical measurement with two-dimensional resistivity profiling technique, local written sources,as well as laboratory and computational analysis, were used to obtain detailed information concerning geomorphic impacts of the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano on the coastal area along the Alas Strait in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. This study provides new information related to the geomorphic impact of amajor eruption volcanic in coastal areas, in this case, on the eastern part of Lombok and the western coast of Sumbawa. In the first place, the study result shows that since the 1257 CE eruption, the landscape on the eastern part of Lombok is still evolved untilthe present time. The volume of the 1257 CE volcanic material remains about 14% from the initial volume. Secondly, the discovery of Babad Suwung provides additional explanation of Samalas eruption and may become the oldest visual observation of pyroclastic surges and volcanic fallout, following those by Pliny the Younger in 79 CE. Finally, the 1257 CE eruption of Samalas volcano has proven triggered a minor tsunami that hit Belang Island, on the west coast of Sumbawa.