It is widely agreed that the habitants exert little control over what take place in touristic regions and are expected to make the necessary adaptations to this colonizing gaze (Maoz 2006, 234). I examine here the mutual gaze of both - hosts and visitors of the island Sumba in eastern Indonesia and I explore local people as equally powerful participators in handling with foreigners. Both sides, tourists and Sumbanese, tend to construct stereotyped, exotic and violent images of the "bloodthirsty" Other. Prejudices of tourists are formed by the guidebooks and stereotypes of Sumbanese originate in the historic experience with foreigners. Language barrier and transience of this cultural contact are factors which support the imagination of both groups. This paper also reveals findings from the underresearched area of backpack tourism within the context of ethnic tourism.

The thesis deals with the analysis of the Indonesian economy and subsequently the bilateral relationship between the European Union and Indonesia. Firstly, it analyses the demographic and economic situation in Indonesia, afterwards it focuses on the economic development supplemented with the analyze of the contemporary Indonesian economy. The international Indonesia politics is researched in the next chapter as well, with the deep view into the ASEAN as the most important international organization for the countries in south-east Asia. The thesis emphasizes the bilateral relationships between the EU and Indonesia in the last part and it also tries to find some perspectives of further cooperation leading to the intensification of the Indonesian transport to the EU.

This diploma thesis describes current state of business cooperation between Czech Republic and Indonesia with looks backwards in form of important milestones. Moreover, in frame of this point it tries to find key determinants of cooperation between both countries. Furthermore it analyses the most potential sectors for further cooperation enhancement, and thus based on a primary research conducted during an internship in the company Czech.Ina Group. Lastly, the thesis tries to make recommendations towards Czech companies which are considering expansion to the Indonesian market. The diploma work is loosely based on the bachelor thesis Business relations between Czech Republic and Indonesia and its prospects.

Final thesis is about business in Indonesia, describes Indonesian economy and gives tips for investors.

Dans cette ethnographie totalisante de la paysannerie Minangkabau (Sumatra occidental, Indonésie), les éléments principaux sont : l’analyse de la relation homme/femme dans une société fortement matrilinéaire; la description des formes du système des titres; l'analyse du système d’alliance et la connubium asymétrique en particulier; l’économie et les règles juridiques des rizières et de la tenure foncière. Comme système global, cette société équilibre les principes de la hiérarchie et de 1'égalité et ralentit l’émergence des contradictions de classe. La thèse développe une méthode sémiotique pour faire l’analyse totalisante des sociétés complexes.

La caldera du volcan Rinjani contient un lac d’un volume de 1 km³ qui est probablement le plus grand lac volcanique au monde présentant une anomalie thermique nette. Ce lac présente une composition neutre chlorure sulfate bicarbonate inhabituelle pour les lacs volcaniques. Sa TDS (2600 mg/l) et conductivité (3500µs/cm) élevées indiquent un apport de fluides hydrothermaux très important. Enfin, son alcalinité élevée (520 mg/l), indique un apport important de dioxyde de carbone dans le lac.<p>Les sources thermales situées autour du Gunung Baru (cône volcanique situé dans la caldera) ont une composition chimique en éléments majeurs et une composition isotopique proche de celles du lac volcanique indiquant qu’elles sont essentiellement le résultat du recyclage du lac par le système hydrothermal. Les variations de compositions entre les différentes sources ont permis de montrer que leurs compositions est le résultat du mélange entre un fluide hydrothermal profond de composition neutre chlorure, dont la température a été estimée à 270°C, et d’un fluide plus superficiel riche en magnésium et en sulfate.<p>Le flux de dioxyde de carbone à la surface du lac a été estimé à l’aide de la méthode de la chambre d’accumulation et par calcul à environ 2300 t/j, ce qui représente un apport significatif de gaz. Cependant, comme le lac présente une structure polymictique, le risque d’accumulation de dioxyde de carbone en profondeur et donc d’éruption limnique peut être exclus.<p>Pour la première fois dans cette thèse, le modèle d’estimation des flux thermiques émis par les lacs volcaniques mis au point par Stevenson (1992) a été contraint par des mesures des paramètres météorologiques mesurés en continu, ce qui a permis de valider le modèle. De plus, nous avons pu montrer que l’essentiel des variations de températures des lacs volcaniques est dû à des variations météorologiques. En utilisant le flux thermique plutôt que la température, il est dès lors possible d’avoir accès à des variations de l’activité volcanique.<p>Le flux thermique estimé pour le lac du Rinjani est de 1700 MW, ce qui représente le flux le plus élevé jamais mesuré sur un lac volcanique aérien. Ce flux thermique est aussi plus élevé que le flux thermique mesuré sur des lacs de lave à 800°C. Ce paradoxe apparent s’explique par la plus grande dimension des lacs volcaniques, la capacité calorifique de l’eau quatre fois plus importante que celle du magma et la viscosité de l’eau 1 million de fois inférieure, ce qui fait de l’eau un excellent fluide caloporteur pour transporter les calories vers la surface.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Promotion and protection of foreign investment in Indonesia In last few decades Indonesia became an important player on a field of international investment. Since the early Soeharto years Indonesia has enjoyed impressive economic growth and became an attraction for the foreign investors. Foreign investors are mainly attracted by the natural resources, law-cost labor market and large Indonesia's domestic market. The goal of my thesis is to analyze the security of the foreign investment in Indonesia and in case of the dispute the protection of foreign investment. The introductory chapter deals briefly with the basic information about Indonesia and its history which influenced Indonesian law system during the past century. First chapter analyze the main issues which can be for foreign investors discouraging such as the legal uncertainty, corruption and untransparency of the law. The second chapter compares the interpretation of the 'investment' term from the viewpoint of the economic science reading and the legal view. Furthermore, it analyzes the term in case law of ICSID, in Indonesia law system and in the bilateral investment treaty between Indonesia and Czech Republic. The third chapter analyzes the multilateral and bilateral investment treaties by which Indonesia is bound and the Indonesian...

Cette étude utilise à titre principal la théorie du « milieu » de Michel Serres dans le cadre de son grand concept de système de communication. Cette théorie considère les bruits qui environnent un message dans un canal de communication, comme des éléments importants qui décideront si le message est bien compris (ou non) par le Récepteur.Cette étude relie la théorie à un contexte plus large de la communication dans la province d’Aceh, en Indonésie, et reflète les éléments socio-politico-culture de sa reconstruction, après le tsunami de 2004.En appliquant l'approche de l'Anthropologie aux Technologies d’Information et de Communication (TIC), cette étude observe les « bruits » de la communication entre les habitants d'Aceh et l'équipe d'intervention d'urgence en TIC « AirPutih », composée de ce que l’on appelle communément des « hackers ».Le premier « bruit » vient de l'Emetteur du message, « AirPutih », avec son idéologie de Hackers et sa vision du monde javanaise. Le terme « Hacker » est techniquement utilisé pour une personne qui a écrit le code informatique et l'exploite dans les questions relatives à un système de sécurité de réseau. Mais cette étude utilisera préférablement le terme « Hacker » pour décrire l'état d'esprit d'AirPutih, le groupe de jeunes gens indonésiens qui sont arrivés à Aceh quatre jours après le tsunami qui a dévasté la région en 2004, pour rétablir la connexion TIC avec très peu d’argent en poche. L’état d'esprit de ces hackers qui sont, pour la plupart, d'origine javanaise, s’enracine dans les visions du monde javanais. Le second « bruit » vient du récepteur du message : les habitants d'Aceh. Le contexte culturel d'Aceh a connu deux évènements importants : la guerre civile qui a fait rage entre les habitants d'Aceh et le gouvernement central indonésien depuis 30 ans et le tsunami qui a frappé la zone en 2004. Il importe d’ailleurs de noter que les habitants d'Aceh sont de la longue histoire de leur vigoureux Etat islamique.Ces « bruits » se manifestent dans le « milieu » de la communication entre AirPutih et les habitants d'Aceh. Ces « bruits » seront examinés ici comme une négociation entre deux cultures, fortement contrainte par l'état post-catastrophe de région d'Aceh.Fondées sur les extraordinaires résultats d'AirPutih pour rétablir l'infrastructure des TIC en Aceh, les valeurs sociales qui ressortent de cette situation apparaissent alors comme opposées à l'hégémonie de la logique capitaliste qui domine le monde d'aujourd'hui. / This study focuses on Michel Serres’ theory of “Milieu” as part of his bigger concept of communication systems. The theory considers that the surrounding Noises of a message in the canal of communication are the important elements that will decide whether the message is well understood (or not) by the receiver.This study places the theory in a wider context of communication in Aceh, Indonesia, reflecting the socio-politico-culture elements in the reconstruction of Aceh region after the Tsunami disaster of 2004.Using the approach of the Anthropology of Infocom, this study observes the “Noises” in the communication between the ICT Emergency Response Team “AirPutih” - which this study considers as Hackers - and the local inhabitants of Aceh.The first “Noise” comes from the Sender of the message: AirPutih, with its Hackers’ ideology and its Javanese code of behavior. The term ‘Hacker’ is technically used for a person who writes code and exploits it in issues related to a security system. This study, instead, will use the term ‘hackers’ to describe the mindset of AirPutih, the Indonesian group of young people who arrived in Aceh, Indonesia, only four days after the tsunami devastated the region in 2004, and re-established the ICT connection with almost no money at hand. This mindset of the hackers embraces the Javanese worldviews rooted in the everyday lives of the members of AirPutih, who are mostly of Javanese origin. The second “noise” comes from the Receiver of the message: the Acehnese. The cultural context of the Acehnese had endured two robust events: the civil war that raged between the Acehnese and the Indonesian central government for 30 years and the tsunami that hit Aceh in 2004. The Acehnese are also proud of their long history as a vigorous Islamic state.These “Noises” were in the “milieu” of the communication between AirPutih and the Acehnese. These “Noises” are scrutinized as the negotiation of cultures that is strongly framed by the post-disaster condition of Aceh, Indonesia. Surrounded by the intriguing result of the successful work of AirPutih in reestablishing the ICT infrastructure in Aceh, the values that come out from this discussion are then opposed to the prevailing hegemony of capitalist logic that dominates the world of today.

The first part of the thesis is focused on internal development of an independent Indonesia, the transition from colonialism to the present day democratic arrangement. Furthermore, the mapping of modern Indonesian history in time and space dimensions , and comparatively across cultures and civilization of the population practices the Indonesian archipelago and then indirect and Southeast Asia. Part of this development are separatist tendencies of East Timor , West New Guinea and the Tamil Tigers , Aceh. The second part of this work will deal with foreign policy and relations with other countries in the world . Changes in orientation and cooperation between Indonesia, various regimes ruling in the history of independent Indonesia. Participation and influence in international organizations, both regional and global character, but also about the relationship between Indonesia and the Czech Republic.

Kawah Ijen (2386 m) is a stratovolcano located within Ijen Caldera, at the easternmost<p>part of Java island in Indonesia. Since 2010, the volcano has been equipped with seismometers<p>and several sensors (temperature and level) have been immersed in its acidic lake waters and in the acidic river seeping on the volcano flanks. While finding instruments capable of resisting to such extreme conditions (pH~0) has been challenging, the coupling of lake monitoring techniques with seismic data improves the knowledge of the volcanic-hydrothermal dynamics. Moreover, the monitoring capabilities have been considerably<p>enhanced supporting the decision-making of the authorities in case of emergency.<p><p>Several methods and processing techniques were used to analyze the seismic data. Much effort has been given to implement the seismic velocities (Moving Window Cross Spectral Analysis (MWCSA)) calculations. At Kawah Ijen, the frequency band that is less affected by the volcanic tremor and the seasonal fluctuations at the source ranges between 0.5-1.0 Hz. Moreover, a stack of 5 days for the current CCF gives reliable results with low errors and allows to detect fluctuations which are missed using a 10-day stack.<p><p>The background seismic activity mostly consists in low frequency events and a continuous tremor of low amplitude. Fluctuations of the lake temperature and level result from the recharge of the hydrothermal system during the rainy season. Kawah Ijen lake waters are not perfectly mixed and a shallow stratification occurs during the rainy season, because meteoric waters are less dense than the lake fluids.<p><p>Different unrest occurred during our study. Some of them strongly affected the volcanic lake, while others did only weakly. In the first category, a strong unrest commenced in October 2011 with heightened VT (Volcano Tectonic) earthquakes and low frequency events activity, which culminated mid-December 2011. This unrest was correlated with an enhanced heat and hydrothermal fluids discharge to the crater and significant variations of the relative velocities (~1%). This suggests an important build-up of stress into the system. VT earthquakes opened pathways for the fluids to ascend, by increasing the permeability of the system, which latter allowed the initiation of monochromatic tremor (MT) when the steam/gases interacted with the shallow portions of the aquifer. Our calculations evidence a higher contribution of steam in March 2012 that might explain the increase of the MT frequency when bubbles were observed at the lake surface. This period was also characterized by short-lived but strong velocity variations, related to water level<p>rises containing important amount of bubbles, and important heat and mass discharges<p>into the lake. On the contrary, the second category of unrest did only slightly affect the<p>lake system. This could be explained by a dryer hydrothermal system and/or locations of<p>the seismic sources, which were not directly linked to the lake.<p><p>While a magmatic eruption will likely be preceded by a strong seismic activity, the major challenges remain to understand why the unrest we studied did not lead to an eruption and to identify precursory signs of a phreatic eruption. Even a small phreatic eruption would be devastating for the people working everyday in the crater and the ones<p>who live nearby the voluminous acidic lake. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished