Cette étude utilise à titre principal la théorie du « milieu » de Michel Serres dans le cadre de son grand concept de système de communication. Cette théorie considère les bruits qui environnent un message dans un canal de communication, comme des éléments importants qui décideront si le message est bien compris (ou non) par le Récepteur.Cette étude relie la théorie à un contexte plus large de la communication dans la province d’Aceh, en Indonésie, et reflète les éléments socio-politico-culture de sa reconstruction, après le tsunami de 2004.En appliquant l'approche de l'Anthropologie aux Technologies d’Information et de Communication (TIC), cette étude observe les « bruits » de la communication entre les habitants d'Aceh et l'équipe d'intervention d'urgence en TIC « AirPutih », composée de ce que l’on appelle communément des « hackers ».Le premier « bruit » vient de l'Emetteur du message, « AirPutih », avec son idéologie de Hackers et sa vision du monde javanaise. Le terme « Hacker » est techniquement utilisé pour une personne qui a écrit le code informatique et l'exploite dans les questions relatives à un système de sécurité de réseau. Mais cette étude utilisera préférablement le terme « Hacker » pour décrire l'état d'esprit d'AirPutih, le groupe de jeunes gens indonésiens qui sont arrivés à Aceh quatre jours après le tsunami qui a dévasté la région en 2004, pour rétablir la connexion TIC avec très peu d’argent en poche. L’état d'esprit de ces hackers qui sont, pour la plupart, d'origine javanaise, s’enracine dans les visions du monde javanais. Le second « bruit » vient du récepteur du message : les habitants d'Aceh. Le contexte culturel d'Aceh a connu deux évènements importants : la guerre civile qui a fait rage entre les habitants d'Aceh et le gouvernement central indonésien depuis 30 ans et le tsunami qui a frappé la zone en 2004. Il importe d’ailleurs de noter que les habitants d'Aceh sont de la longue histoire de leur vigoureux Etat islamique.Ces « bruits » se manifestent dans le « milieu » de la communication entre AirPutih et les habitants d'Aceh. Ces « bruits » seront examinés ici comme une négociation entre deux cultures, fortement contrainte par l'état post-catastrophe de région d'Aceh.Fondées sur les extraordinaires résultats d'AirPutih pour rétablir l'infrastructure des TIC en Aceh, les valeurs sociales qui ressortent de cette situation apparaissent alors comme opposées à l'hégémonie de la logique capitaliste qui domine le monde d'aujourd'hui. / This study focuses on Michel Serres’ theory of “Milieu” as part of his bigger concept of communication systems. The theory considers that the surrounding Noises of a message in the canal of communication are the important elements that will decide whether the message is well understood (or not) by the receiver.This study places the theory in a wider context of communication in Aceh, Indonesia, reflecting the socio-politico-culture elements in the reconstruction of Aceh region after the Tsunami disaster of 2004.Using the approach of the Anthropology of Infocom, this study observes the “Noises” in the communication between the ICT Emergency Response Team “AirPutih” - which this study considers as Hackers - and the local inhabitants of Aceh.The first “Noise” comes from the Sender of the message: AirPutih, with its Hackers’ ideology and its Javanese code of behavior. The term ‘Hacker’ is technically used for a person who writes code and exploits it in issues related to a security system. This study, instead, will use the term ‘hackers’ to describe the mindset of AirPutih, the Indonesian group of young people who arrived in Aceh, Indonesia, only four days after the tsunami devastated the region in 2004, and re-established the ICT connection with almost no money at hand. This mindset of the hackers embraces the Javanese worldviews rooted in the everyday lives of the members of AirPutih, who are mostly of Javanese origin. The second “noise” comes from the Receiver of the message: the Acehnese. The cultural context of the Acehnese had endured two robust events: the civil war that raged between the Acehnese and the Indonesian central government for 30 years and the tsunami that hit Aceh in 2004. The Acehnese are also proud of their long history as a vigorous Islamic state.These “Noises” were in the “milieu” of the communication between AirPutih and the Acehnese. These “Noises” are scrutinized as the negotiation of cultures that is strongly framed by the post-disaster condition of Aceh, Indonesia. Surrounded by the intriguing result of the successful work of AirPutih in reestablishing the ICT infrastructure in Aceh, the values that come out from this discussion are then opposed to the prevailing hegemony of capitalist logic that dominates the world of today.

Diss.--Berlin--Humboldt-Universität, 2004. / Bibliogr. p. 473-512.

本論文旨在分析法國法蘭西研究院院士Michel Serres的思想及其在教育上的啟思。Michel Serres是一名著名的法國哲學家，但是在台灣他還是一名較不為人所熟知的學者。然而經過本論文對於其思想進行研究，發現其理論有許多重要的教育哲學思想。因此，本論文首先便由Serres的法文原著，探究他的理論定位及其思維特色。而後，本論文以「吟遊、尋渡與參化」之三向度作為分析的軸心，來探討Serres的理論在教育上的重要涵意：在吟遊的層面上，吟遊當中的旅程、漂流、孤獨、暴露、受苦、節制、愛、與創造等概念，蘊含的是Serres的教育人類學的想像；在尋渡的層面上，由於吟遊者在漂流中去執、受苦、節制、愛與創造，因此他將不斷轉化自身，也將不斷地在知識與知識之間，以及人於人之間尋找交融之渡，這蘊含的是Serres的教育倫理學的想像；而在參化的層面上，除了投入人群，吟遊者將轉化自身，投入自然以及萬事萬物之中，與人、與自然以及萬事萬物相互參化，這蘊含的是Serres的教育美學的想像。「吟遊、尋渡與參化」，這三者就是Serres對於「教育」這一概念的開展與想像。 / This study is to investigate the thought and implication for education of Michel Serres, a distinct member of L'Académie française. Michel Serres is a famous philosopher, but he is not well-known in Taiwan. Through examining Serres’s thought, we can find many inspiring ideas of educational philosophy. In the first part of this dissertation, it will focus on Serres’s original French texts in order to explore the orientation and the characteristic of his theories. Secondly, this dissertation will discuss the critical three axes of Serres’s theories: ‘Troubadour, Seeking Passage and Co-evolution.’ Troubadour entails the ideas of voyage, érrance (wanderings), solitude, expose to, suffering, temperance, love, and creation. These concepts imply the image of Serres’s educational anthropology. Seeking passage indicates the self-detachment, suffering, temperance, love, and creation of Troubadour. Because of érrance, Troubadour will never stop self-transforming and will constantly searching for the passages among different knowledge as well as the passages among people. This implies the image of Serres’s educational ethics. Co-evolution represents Troubadour’s engagement not only in human beings but also in nature and in all things on earth because of his self-transformation. The troubadour eagerly engages himself in the co-evolution with other human beings, nature and all things on earth. This implies the image of Serres’s educational esthetics. The ideas of ‘Troubadour, Seeking Passage and Co-evolution’ are the keystones of Serres’s discourses and images on education.

This thesis focuses on the significance of distributive space for understanding capitalist forms of spatio-temporality. It argues that the distributive phase of commodity mobilities has remained a relatively under-represented aspect of social theory, especially in the context of cultural and social geography. The extant work that has focused on distribution tends to be confined to the areas of economic and transport geography. The thesis aims to address the importance of this space for understanding the formations of late capitalist modernity, particularly its role as a specific, but networked space between production and consumption. Significantly the work addresses the 'construction' of this space by focus sing on the substantive case study of containerisation. In doing so it engages with global commodity mobilities in the form of intermodal shipping containers, and their attendant logistical infrastructure. The research critically considers the spatial and temporal apparatuses that have been developed to organise and order the mobilities of the containers; including the design and development of the object itself, alongside a range of logistics and supply chain management strategies. In theoretical terms an important influence on the research has been Michel Serres' work on the interlacing of order and disorder. Given this, a simultaneous focus of the research deals with the immanent presence of disorder in these systemic environments; thus reflecting an intellectual engagement with theoretical work in the areas of turbulence, complexity theory, assemblage theory and Serres' work on the parasite. Substantively this aspect of the research has been determined by considering the place of the accident within networks and systems, alongside the 'tactical-logistics' of smuggling practices. 3

Prenant appui sur une analyse des œuvres artistiques et littéraires dont Utopie de T. MORE, le Samurai Virtuel de N. STEPHENSON ainsi que Le Corps utopique, suivi de Les hétérotopies de Michel FOUCAULT, la thèse examine trois hypothèses de l’espace territorialisé par les artistes : Le Topos, l’Hétérotopos et l’Utopos. Trois genres d’espaces ont été étudiés : Les MUVEs (Second Life et les Open Sims), les Machinimas et le cinéma (le film Avatar de J. CAMERON).Ces nouveaux espaces artistiques favorisent une communication entre les territoires réels et concrets avec ceux virtuels et actuels se trouvant dans le cyberespace comme le mentionne P. LEVY. Selon lui, les créations et les textes de Fred FOREST ont mis en évidence la notion du cyberterritoire.Ces territoires numériques en émergence sont hétérotopiques et considérés comme des espaces autres, hétérogènes, de transition et de contestation selon FOUCAULT.L’approche des enjeux utopiques de ces espaces numériques et fictionnels instaurés dans le film Avatar de James CAMERON et les Machinimas nous conduit à être attentifs à la problématique du corps envisagé comme avatar, aux espaces virtuels et à la manière dont les artistes appréhendent des îles de Second Life. Il s’agit de dégager les codes des mondes virtuels et de comprendre les enjeux utopiques des espaces virtuels conçus comme un territoire virtuel imaginaire.La thèse analyse l’espace internet, en tant que topos hypermatériel et virtuel, dont les programmes et les interfaces peuvent simuler le réel, le dépasser tout en nous faisant entrer dans un monde rêvé ou bien utopique. / According to an analysis of artistic works and literature, among which are Utopia of T.MORE, Snow Crash of N. STEPHENSON and The utopian body followed by heterotopias of Michel FOUCAULT, the present thesis examines three hypotheses of the space territorialized by artists : the Topos, the Heterotops and the Utopos. Three types of space were studied: the MUVEs (Second Life and the Open Sims), the Machinimas and the cinema (the film Avatar by J. CAMERON).These new artistic spaces support a communication between the real and concrete territories and the virtual and actual ones which are found in the cyberspace as mentioned by P. LEVY. According to him, the creations and texts of Fred FOREST brought out the notion of cyberterritory. These digital and emerging territories are heterotopic and are considered as different spaces, heterogeneous, transitional and of contestation, according to FOUCAULT. The approach of utopic challenges relative to these digital and fictional spaces, which are found in James CAMERON’s film Avatar and the Machinimas, compels us to be attentive to the question of the body considered as avatar, to the virtual spaces and to the manner with which the artists apprehend the Second Life isles. This aims at extricating the codes of the virtual worlds and understanding the utopic challenges of the virtual spaces which are conceived as an imaginary virtual territory. The thesis analyzes the space in the internet, as an hypermaterial and virtual topos of which the programs and the interfaces can simulate the real, go past everything, leading us to a world of dreams or to a rather utopic world.

Studiens syfte är att visa hur sociala förhållanden tematiseras i Birgitta Trotzigs roman Dykungens dotter, med fokus på uteslutningsförhållanden. Med hjälp av en strukturalistisk metod hämtad från Michel Serres avtäcker analysen närvaron av en särskild operation av grundande uteslutning inom olika samhälleliga sfärer som presenteras i romanen. Operationen betraktas i analogi med den syndabocksmekanism som René Girard teoretiserat. Det blir därmed möjligt att i det samhälle som Trotzigs roman presenterar se en hierarkisk ordning byggd på ett uteslutet element, ett som förkroppsligas i bland annat den växande kroppen, den trängtande sexualiteten, den kringdrivande befolkningen och dylandets levande oordning.

[pt] O treinamento consiste em se propor metas ainda inalcançáveis. É imaginar o improvável e, a partir daí, alcançar o possível proposto. A ideia de pôr o corpo à prova, de testá-lo, vem do trato com os animais. Treinar é preparar o corpo para uma ação, exigir dele, atingir objetivos e alcançar domínios desconhecidos, lidar com limites, alterá-los. A escrita é um corpo visual que ganha forma no treinamento do corpo físico. Na criação de uma escrita é preciso deixar que as frases sejam construídas em diferentes partes do corpo. Haruki Murakami, Michel Serres e Jacques Henri Lartigue treinam o corpo para inventarem gestos sensíveis: a literatura, a filosofia, a fotografia. O gesto relativo ao corpo não é apenas uma ação. O gesto se inscreve entre o pré-movimento, atitude em relação à gravidade, e o movimento. Há, nele, um desejo de se projetar no espaço que carrega a sua expressividade. Este corpo cria espaço, molda-se nele. Tem em si todas as forças que regem o espaço e está em contato ininterrupto com elas. As forças do corpo agem e reagem às forças que o circundam. É com elas, na fricção, no confronto, no embate com essas forças e com outros corpos, que há o acontecimento. / [en] The training consists of proposing oneself goals still unreachable. It is to imagine the improbable and, from there, reach the possible that was proposed. The idea of bringing the body to proof, to test it, comes from the handling with animals. Training is to prepare the body for an action, to demand on it, to achieve goals and reach unknown areas, to handle with limits, to change them. The writing is a visual body that takes shape in the training of the physical body. In the creative process of writing it is necessary to let the sentences be built in different parts of the body. Haruki Murakami, Michel Serres and Jacques Henri Lartigue train the body to invent sensitive gestures: literature, philosophy, photography. The gesture of the body is not just an action. The gesture signs up between the pre-movement – the attitude about gravity – and the movement. There is in it a desire to project itself into the space that carries its expressiveness. This body creates space, shapes up in it. It mixes all the forces that govern the space and it is in continuous contact with them. The forces of the body act and react to the forces that surround it. It is with them, in the friction, in the clash, in the battle against these forces and other bodies that the event arises.

This thesis investigates conceptual networks —systems of organising, understanding and explaining thought and knowledge— and the ways in which they underlie both text and its mise en page across a range of thirteenth- and fourteenth-century French and Catalan literary texts and their manuscript witnesses. Each of the three chapters explores a separate corpus of texts, using two of four interrelated network theories: Michel Serres’ notion of parasites and hosts as the basic interconnecting units that combine to constitute all relational networks; the ubiquitous organizational tree; Gilles Deleuze’s concept of the fold as the primary factor in producing differentiation and identity; and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s unruly, anti-hierarchical and anti-arborescent rhizomatic systems. The first chapter engages primarily with parasites and trees; the second with trees and folds; and the third with folds and rhizomes. However, resonances with the other network theories are discussed as they occur, in order to demonstrate the fundamentally interconnected and often interchangeable nature of these systems. Each chapter includes close analysis of manuscript witnesses of the texts under discussion. The first chapter, ‘Saints Denis and Fanuel: Parasitism and Arborescence on the Manuscript Page’, examines parasitic and arboreal networks in two hagiographic texts: late thirteenth- and early fourteenth-century prose redactions of the Vie de Saint Denis, and the thirteenth‐century hagiographic romance Li Romanz de Saint Fanuel. The second chapter, ‘Ramon Llull’s Folding Forests: The World, the Tree and the Book’, addresses arborescent and folding structures in Llull’s encyclopaedic Arbre de ciència [Tree of Science], composed between 1295 and 1296. The third chapter, ‘Transgender Genealogy: Turning, Folding and Crossing Gender’, considers three characters in medieval French texts who can be read as transgender: Saint Fanuel; the King of Torelore in Aucassin et Nicolette; and Blanchandin/e in Tristan de Nanteuil. The chapter explores the ways in which these characters’ queer trajectories can be understood through conceptions of directionality which relate to the fold and the rhizome.

This dissertation explores the entangled territorialities of charitable fundraising, redressing the under-theorisation of the praxis as a social construct and a transformative spatial process. It approaches fundraising from an etiological perspective, drawing on French continental theory, particularly the work of Michel Serres and of Deleuze and Guattari, as well as concepts arising from literature in relational geographies and in business studies. Unlike many scholarly accounts, which obscure the fact that this property-challenged, property-desiring practice relies on the hospitality of others in order to extract and transfer resources, this study argues that the trait of interloping is crucial to fundraising’s expansive colonisation of urban space. Seizing on the notions of minor architecture and itinerant territoriality, it thinks through fundraising’s habits, inhabitations and habitats. By doing so, it reveals a form of nomadic war machine specialised in crafting parasitic architectures that invade urban territories to constitute a territory of its own. That this state-authorised territory has become an obligatory passage point within contemporary networked societies says much about how power is forged through the intersection of political, moral-economic and socio-affective parameters. Moreover, in uncovering a hint of revanchism against the property-owning classes, this research points to the usual affective politics emerging at a time of state metamorphosis and protracted economic uncertainty. This conceptual work provides entry for an ethnographic exploration of the charitabilisation of urban life within the context of austerity in contemporary Paris. Evidence collected from interviews, participant observation, video, photography, maps, drawings and extant literature is used to illuminate fundraising’s polydimensional strategies and widespread yet minimally disruptive appropriations and expropriations. While other authors have documented the movement of fundraising in France from utter marginalisation to mainstream to strategic importance, this study traces the political and territorial machinations of the powerful Parisian network of non-profit leaders, association executives, heads of fundraising agencies, management consultants, lawyers, and government officials who lead the push for a more generous France. The continuities, tensions, and contradictions between this group’s production of space and the realities of on-the-street fundraising are explored through a series of case studies. The views presented highlight ways in which fundraisers induce and take advantage of breaches in prevailing articulations of space, time and citizen-bodies to fortify more-than-capitalist urban logics. Collectively, they render visible the temporalities, hotspots, technologies, imaginaries, schemes, and hypocrisies informing an aggressive incrementalism. The new view of Paris imparted foregrounds the enterprising, contested and geographically uneven process of cultivating the habit of ceding property, both in the sense of subjectivities and of material rights. This dissertation’s conceptual and empirical strands make it possible to apprehend how minoritarian actors become dominant. Extending the minoritarian’s right to temporally hold power and property is shown to involve continuously testing and exploiting the affordances of relations. Displayed and analysed are the contamination of ideals and the breaking of pacts within fundraising’s moral pursuit of wealth transference. Such promiscuities ought to be regarded as, this study emphasizes, a form of preparedness for the city to come.

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