Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-07-07T20:39:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Diego Meneses de Melo.pdf: 12978397 bytes, checksum: b2f17a79227222cd6931f419830d812b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-09T13:36:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Diego Meneses de Melo.pdf: 12978397 bytes, checksum: b2f17a79227222cd6931f419830d812b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-09T13:34:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Diego Meneses de Melo.pdf: 12978397 bytes, checksum: b2f17a79227222cd6931f419830d812b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-09T13:38:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Diego Meneses de Melo.pdf: 12978397 bytes, checksum: b2f17a79227222cd6931f419830d812b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T13:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Diego Meneses de Melo.pdf: 12978397 bytes, checksum: b2f17a79227222cd6931f419830d812b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The dissertation now presented has the objective to accomplish a study about the use of constructions and demolitions waste (CDW) as coarse aggregate in asphalt concrete, searching for environmental and technical solution to the historical stony aggregate lack in the city of Manaus-AM. The research displays peculiar characteristics of the alternative material, comparing with the pebble, usual element in the asphalt mixtures regionally used. It was conducted the dosage of a mixture with pebble and another one with CDW, fulfilling the function of coarse aggregates, keeping the other elements: CAP 50/70 as binder, residual sand as fine aggregate, Portland cement as filler. The gradation definition was made by the Bailey Method, enabling the obtainment of a structural skeleton that privileged the grains interlocking, allowing a study of the form and superficial texture influence in the mixture mechanical behavior. As performance markers was made tests of Tensile Strength (TS), Loss of Resistance by Induced Moisture (Lottman Test), Resilient Modulus (RM), Fluency for Axial Compression (creep), by static and dynamic method. Temperature was varied in all assays, excepted for the Lottman, objecting to investigate the sensitivity of the mixtures to this factor. All the procedures had its results considered as for the resistance and deformability. The viability of the use of the CDW as aggregate in asphalt concrete was evidenced, in substitution to the pebble, because the alternative material revealed, for the most part of the tests, more stability under temperatures higher than 25°C. Its tensile strength was higher than of the pebble, independently of the temperature or the load speed. The Resilient Modulus and the deformation accumulated in the fluency tests demonstrated that, for the typical service temperatures of Manaus (around 40°C), the alternative mixture has better performance than one with natural material. However, CDW showed more susceptibility for the moisture action. It was concluded, based on the results, which the irregular form and the rugous superficial texture of the residue aggregate were responsible for an increase in the friction between particles in the structural skeleton of the mixture collaborating with the shear strength, especially for the highest temperatures of operation, when the viscous phase introduce great influence in the mechanical behavior. / A dissertação ora apresentada tem por objetivo realizar estudo sobre a utilização de resíduos de construções e demolições (RCD) como agregado graúdo em concreto asfáltico, buscando solução técnica e ambiental para a carência histórica de agregados pétreos no município de Manaus-AM. A pesquisa expõe características peculiares do material alternativo, comparando com o seixo rolado, elemento usual nas misturas asfálticas utilizadas regionalmente. Realizouse a dosagem de uma mistura com seixo e outra com RCD, cumprindo a função de agregado graúdo, mantendo os demais partícipes constantes: CAP 50/70 como ligante, areia residual como agregado miúdo, cimento Portland como material de enchimento. A definição da granulometria foi feita por meio do Método de Bailey, possibilitando definir um esqueleto estrutural que privilegiasse o intertravamento dos grãos, de modo a estudar a influência da forma e textura superficial no comportamento mecânico da mistura. Como balizadores do desempenho foram realizados ensaios de Resistência à Tração (RT), Perda de Resistência por Umidade Induzida (Ensaio Lottman), Módulo de Resiliência (MR), Fluência por Compressão Axial (creep) estático e dinâmico. Variou-se a temperatura em todos os ensaios, a exceção do Lottman, de modo a investigar a sensibilidade das misturas a este fator. Todos os procedimentos tiveram seus resultados julgados quanto à resistência e deformabilidade. Foi constatada a viabilidade do uso do RCD em concreto asfáltico, em substituição ao seixo, uma vez que o material alternativo mostrou-se, na maior parte dos ensaios, mais estável sob temperaturas maiores que 25°C. Sua resistência à tração foi mais alta que a do seixo, independentemente da temperatura ou da velocidade de carregamento. O Módulo de Resiliência e a deformação acumulada nos ensaios de fluência demonstraram que, para as temperaturas de serviço típicas de Manaus (em torno de 40°C), a mistura alternativa tem melhor desempenho que aquela contendo material natural. Contudo, o RCD se mostrou mais susceptível à ação da umidade. Concluiu-se, baseado nos resultados, que forma irregular e a textura superficial rugosa do agregado de resíduo foi responsável por um aumento no atrito entre as partículas no esqueleto estrutural da mistura, colaborando com a resistência ao cisalhamento, especialmente para as temperaturas mais altas de operação, quando a fase viscosa apresenta grande influência no comportamento mecânico.

To evaluate the performance of Warm Mixture Asphalt (WMA) with varying amounts of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) in comparison with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), comprehensive laboratory and field evaluations were conducted. Mix designs were performed for both WMA with a LEADCAP additive and HMA with large amounts of fractionated RAP materials. Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was performed to evaluate the rutting and moisture susceptibility of both HMA and WMA laboratory mixtures. HMA mixtures with up to 50% RAP materials by binder replacement exhibited a better performance than WMA mixtures. However, when RAP materials were increased to 75% both WMA and HMA mixtures showed a superior performance. When a specially designed LEADCAP additive for a mixture with a high RAP content called "RAPCAP" was used, the performance was significantly improved. The existing Asphalt Bond Strength (ABS) test (AASHTO TP91-11) was modified to better evaluate the adhesion bond between asphalt binder and aggregate surface. Based on the modified ABS test results, it was found that the asphalt binder type significantly influenced the adhesion bond. To evaluate the performance of WMA mixtures in the field, test sections were constructed in Iowa, Minnesota and Ohio. The test sections were successfully constructed with less compaction effort than HMA and met the required field densities per each DOT's specification. All HMA and WMA mixtures collected from the test sections passed the HWT and the modified Lottman tests, which indicates high resistance to rutting and moisture damage. The asphalt binders were then extracted and recovered from the field samples then re-graded following AASHTO M320 and AASHTO MP19-10. The recovered asphalt binder grades were found to be higher than the target grades due to the existence of RAP materials in the mixtures except for asphalt binders extracted from WMA mixtures produced using "RAPCAP" additive.

In the world there are adverse climates, climates that hinder the good construction and paving of roads, generating insecurity among the locals and visitors. This over time affects the economy of a country, as a road boosts tourism, transport and commerce. Therefore, a mixture was designed to mitigate a problem in the placement of hot asphalt mixture at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius. That is, a conventional mix design was proposed, but with different types of filler (lime, Portland cement type I and silica) tested with the Marshall and Lottman method which are governed according to the EG-2013 standards [1] and parameters established in the Asphalt Institute [2]. To find the optimum, it was tested with 5.0%, 5.5% 6.0% and 6.5% asphalt cement. Then with the results obtained a comparative analysis was performed. Finally, specimens without any additives were made, the specimens once prepared at 140°C were subjected to freezing, resulting in the three types of filler, that the hot asphalt mixture with incorporation of Portland cement type I to a 5, 90% of asphalt cement is the optimum since, subject to extreme temperatures below 0°C they comply with the parameters required in the standards.

L'hétérogénéité des tendances de la sculpture religieuse du XVIIe siècle dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais reflète l'étendue et la diversité des régions qui le constituent. Ces départements sont un lieu de rencontre confrontant des oeuvres sculptées d'origine locale, régionale avec d'autres importées à partir d'autres centres des anciens Pays-Bas du Sud, de Paris ou de Picardie. La sculpture de qualité, liée au mobilier d'église, constitue l'essentiel de la production de cette époque et répondait aux orientations imposées par la réforme catholique. La révolution, les guerres ainsi que les changements de goût sont la cause principale de la perte d'une part considérable de ce patrimoine. Adam Lottman à Valenciennes, secondé par Jaspard Marsy à Cambrai s'imposent pour le Nord-Pas-de-Calais comme les meilleurs sculpteurs. Nous disposons d'éléments moins concrets sur d'autres sculpteurs, localement actifs, tels Antoine Liesse, Pierre Schleiff, Guillaume Tabaguet et Thomas Tieullier, pour ne citer que les plus importants. Au travers du siècle, la production régionale fut concurrencée par celle des sculpteurs anversois tels que Jean, Robert et André de Nole, Jacques Cocx ou Artus Quellin dit l'ancien et le jeune. Avec la conquête graduelle et définitive des régions, essentiellement par Louis XIV, s'installe une influence du classicisme français en sculpture, assuré en premier lieu par l'amiénois Nicolas Blasset. Ce n'est qu'à la fin du siècle qu'on retrouve des oeuvres d'autres Sculpteurs du Roi tels que François Girardon ou Jean Drouilly, au moment où les influences vont fusionner pour s'estomper au profit d'un style "français" porté par la puissance politique de la monarchie absolue. / Heterogeneity of the trends in religious sculpture of the XVIIth century in the Nord-Pas-de-Calaisreflects the extend and diversity of the regions of which these departments are made up. These departments are a meeting area where sculptural works of local and regional origin are facing comparison with imported sculptures from the Southern Low Countries, Paris or even Picardy. High quality sculptures, related to church furnishings, in keeping with the lines of conduct enforced by the Catholic Reform, make up the essential part of the production of that time. The French Revolution, wars and even changes in taste are the main causes of the loss of a considerable part of this cultural heritage. In the Nord-Pas-de-Calais, Adam Lottman at Valenciennes, assisted by Jaspard Marsy at Cambrai, are regarded as the best sculptors. Less concrete data are available on other artists such as Antoine Liesse, Pierre Schleiff, Guillaume Tabaguet and Thomas Tieullier, to mention only the most important ones. Throughout the century, the regional production was facing competition from Antwerp sculptors, such as Jan, Robert and André de Nole, Jacques Cocx or Artus Quellin the Older and the Younger. The gradual and final conquest of the regions, mainly by Louis XIV, established the influence of French classicism in sculpture, materialised primarily by Nicolas Blasset from Amiens. Not until the end of the century, at the time when influences start to merge and finally shrink into a "French" style, stimulated by the political power of the absolute monarchy, do we find worls of other "Royal Sculptors" (Sculpteurs du Roi) such as François Girardon and Jean Drouilly.