São propostos modelos de 4 e de 12 vértices na rede quadrada para explicar a transição de fases antiferroelétrica observada no ácido quadrático (H IND. 2C IND. 4O IND. 4). A energia livre do modelo básico de 4 vértices se anula identicamente. A solução do modelo iônico de 12 vértices na aproximação de Bethe apresenta uma transição de segunda ordem. A existência desta transição de fases é assegurada por meio de um argumento de Peierls . A transição de fases do modelo de 12 vértices também é estudada pela técnica do grupo de renormalização fenomenológico. Conclui-se que a temperatura critica exata deve ser sistematicamente inferior àquela prevista pela aproximação de Bethe. Há evidências de que nü = 1. A mesma técnica foi empregada no estudo de um modelo de 16 vértices equivalente ao modelo de Ising, reproduzindo- se com boa precisão os cálculos exatos. Resultados experimentais mais recentes para O ácido quadrático indicam urna transição de primeira ordem. Mostra- se então que um modelo compressível de 12 vértices apresenta urna transição descontinua na aproximação de Bethe. / We consider 4 and 12 vertex models on the square lattice for the antiferroelectric phase transition in crystals of squaric acid (H IND. 2C IND. 4O IND. 4). The free energy of the basic 4 vertex model vanishes identically. In the framework of the Bethe approximation, the ionic 12 vertex model gives a second order phase transition. We use a Peierls argument to show that a phase transition does indeed occur in this model. Also, the phase transition in the 12 vertex model is studied by means of phenomenological renormalization group calculations. The exact critical temperature seems to be always lower than the prediction of the Bethe approximation. We present evidences that nü = 1 for this model. The same calculations were done for a 16 vertex model which is equivalent to the Ising model, the exact results being reproduced with good precision. Recent experimental data seem to support that the transition in squaric acid is indeed of first order. A compressible 12 vertex model is then shown to give a discontinuous transition.

São propostos modelos de 4 e de 12 vértices na rede quadrada para explicar a transição de fases antiferroelétrica observada no ácido quadrático (H IND. 2C IND. 4O IND. 4). A energia livre do modelo básico de 4 vértices se anula identicamente. A solução do modelo iônico de 12 vértices na aproximação de Bethe apresenta uma transição de segunda ordem. A existência desta transição de fases é assegurada por meio de um argumento de Peierls . A transição de fases do modelo de 12 vértices também é estudada pela técnica do grupo de renormalização fenomenológico. Conclui-se que a temperatura critica exata deve ser sistematicamente inferior àquela prevista pela aproximação de Bethe. Há evidências de que nü = 1. A mesma técnica foi empregada no estudo de um modelo de 16 vértices equivalente ao modelo de Ising, reproduzindo- se com boa precisão os cálculos exatos. Resultados experimentais mais recentes para O ácido quadrático indicam urna transição de primeira ordem. Mostra- se então que um modelo compressível de 12 vértices apresenta urna transição descontinua na aproximação de Bethe. / We consider 4 and 12 vertex models on the square lattice for the antiferroelectric phase transition in crystals of squaric acid (H IND. 2C IND. 4O IND. 4). The free energy of the basic 4 vertex model vanishes identically. In the framework of the Bethe approximation, the ionic 12 vertex model gives a second order phase transition. We use a Peierls argument to show that a phase transition does indeed occur in this model. Also, the phase transition in the 12 vertex model is studied by means of phenomenological renormalization group calculations. The exact critical temperature seems to be always lower than the prediction of the Bethe approximation. We present evidences that nü = 1 for this model. The same calculations were done for a 16 vertex model which is equivalent to the Ising model, the exact results being reproduced with good precision. Recent experimental data seem to support that the transition in squaric acid is indeed of first order. A compressible 12 vertex model is then shown to give a discontinuous transition.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 26, 2007). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis consists of two distinct components: (1) Spin-polarized electron transport through aluminum array nanoparticles, (2) A single electric relaxation process in Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) nanoparticles. In the first chapter, we summarize our main results and new finding, and we also present our motivation. For the first component (chapters 2-5), we studied electron spin transport in nanometer scale aluminum grains as embedded in a ferromagnet tunneling junction. We observed tunnelling-magnetoresistance (TMR) and spin valve effects. From the TMR strong asymmetry with bias voltage, we explored spin relaxation effects. Additionally we also obtained the spin-coherence time on the order of nanoseconds by using the Hanle effect. For the second component (chapters 6-9), we investigated the dielectric response of BST and Barium Titanate (BTA) (high dielectric constant ferroelectrics) nanoparticles. The results were found to be quite unusual when compared with the dielectric response of film or bulk. The dielectric response is Debye relaxation with only a single relaxation time, and the relaxation time exhibits the Arrhenius Law at temperatures below 200 Kelvin.

In this thesis we synthesize Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 system by mean of X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and low-temperature specific heat. From these data analysis, we hope to more clearly understand the transition of electron-doped superconductor Pr2-xCexCuO4 (0.14<x<0.7) system. The main results show that the system is d-wave pairing symmetry. This conclusion is consisted with C. C. Tsuei¡¦s result. They present phase-sensitive evidence that the electron-doped cuprates Pr1.85Ce0.15CuO4 have d-wave pairing symmetry.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Physical Sciences, Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences , University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Proefschrift--Leyden. / Errata slip and "Stellingen" ([2] p.) inserted. Bibliography: p. 49-[50].

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v.16 (1956) no. 5, p. 979-980. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

Thesis (Ph.D.) in Food Science and Human Nutrition--University of Maine, 2003. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-126 ).