Identifying the ‘Lucanians’ has long been a complex issue. Myriad approaches have sought to correlate the archaeological record with ancient Greek and Roman narrative, while others have attempted to analyse aspects of warfare, burial rituals, grave goods and architectural typologies from a ‘Lucanian’ perspective. However, one fundamental aspect of cultural identity has hitherto been neglected: food-ways and the domestic food system in particular. Within the discussion of household knowledge, Aristotle notes ‘men must all have food, and the differences in their food have made differences in their way of life’. Despite the incompatibility of hierarchical organisation and the city-state model for ancient ‘Lucania’, the household remains the smallest unit upon which socio-political organisation of any type is rooted; the analysis of food preparation and cooking, beginning at the household level, is therefore essential for the study of ancient identity. Utilising the domestic food system methodology – spatial analysis on food preparation and cooking spaces, artefact analysis related to food-ways and both zooarchaeological and palaeobotanical evidence – this thesis reinvestigates 4th-2nd century BC habitation structures, drawing previously unseen patterns to the fore: 1) a female domestic area inclusive of food preparation, cooking and textile production; 2) an architectural distinction between domestic and ritual food preparation and cooking areas; and 3) communal dining that rejects elite banqueting rituals. That the artefact is an integral dimension of culture is axiomatic. Yet, scholarly approaches to ‘Lucanian’ cultural identity have failed to investigate the behaviour patterns and social interactions imbued within the objects that form the domestic food system. The intrinsic connection to identity encompassed in cookware ceramics, zooarchaeological evidence and domestic assemblages – and, in the relationships to both each other and to the interior space – creates a cultural boundary that provides invaluable information for the study of ‘Lucanian’ identity and, further, facilitates comparative research with similar groups of peoples. The domestic food system procures the baseline upon which shifts in socio-economic and political organisation can be overlaid, thus furthering the overall objective of this thesis: to recognise emerging patterns of cultural resilience and identity related to food practices.

This work seeks to provide new insight into understanding how the Lucanian sanctuaries were conceived, built, and used during a chronological period which ranges from the fourth century B.C. to the first century A.D. Within this time, the end of the third century B.C. and the bloody events of the Hannibalic war represented a crucial turning point for the Lucanian communities, concomitant with more infiltration of the southern peninsula by Rome. The last two centuries B.C. are therefore generally neglected in literature as a period of decline. The basic line of thought of this research is that changes in function and form of sanctuaries reflect political, socio-economic and cultural transformations and development of those communities who built and frequented them. The function of the sanctuaries went well beyond the merely religious, for they also functioned as gathering, political and economic centers. The evidence used in this thesis was mainly archaeological, and therefore the analysis of the realia represents the starting point and grounds for historical reconstructions. Archaeological data are diachronically analyzed at different levels: topographic location and relationship of sanctuaries with inhabited settlements, architectural structure and spatial organization of the complexes, and systems of votive offerings. During the fourth and the third centuries B.C. the picture of the Lucanian sanctuaries appears at a first glance quite homogeneous, as the cultural expressions of the Lucanian communities derived from the same models. However, archaeological evidence does not support the theory regarding the existence of a collective sanctuary which belonged to the Lucanians as a whole ethnos, as has been hypothesised for the Rossano di Vaglio sanctuary. After the end of the third century B.C. archaeological evidence from the sites under scrutiny attests that the sanctuaries continued to be used, despite the abandonment of the surrounding inhabited settlements. Nevertheless, such continuity did not mean full frequentation of the sanctuaries, as the majority of them noticeably contracted. Thus the second century B.C. is greatly under-represented at the archaeological level, although in some cases a revival is attested during the first century B.C. In this scenario, the only sanctuary which experienced a phase of revitalization during both of the last two centuries B.C. was the Rossano di Vaglio complex, as it became the point of reference for a new, specifically Roman, territorial entity, the praefectura of Potentia. This analysis, therefore, is a further contribution to current studies concerning the transformations which occurred in Italy in conjunction with the rise of Roman power, the conquest of Italy, and the consequent diffusion of hegemonic culture. / Classical Archaeology

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Ce projet de recherche se propose d'analyser l'exceptionnel patrimoine archéologique de l'ancienne Volcei (l'actuelle cité de Buccino, dans la province de Salerne, Italie) dont les vestiges, découverts dans les années 1980 durant la reconstruction de la ville après le grand tremblement de terre qui frappa la Campanie et la Basilicate, montrent une fréquentation ininterrompue du site du VIIIème siècle avant J.C. au IIème siècle après J.C.. L'arc chronologique pris en compte s'étendra du VIIIème au Vème siècle avant J.C.Le travail consistera d'abord à étudier les vestiges découverts en contexte funéraire dans les structures d'habitat puis en suivant de manière diachronique les développements et les évolutions de la culture dite "nord-lucanienne", à chercher à mettre en évidente les dynamiques de contact entre les "indigènes" et les populations allogènes, ainsi que les processus fondamentaux qui ont conduit à la formation du peuple lucanien. / After the destructive earthquake that took place in 1980 in many localities of the Irpinia and the Basilicata, even the territory of the city of Buccino (Campania) former center of the ancient city of Volcei, was involved in the construction of new residentialblocs. During the reconstruction, the excavations of the Archeological Superintendence of Campania brought to light, all around of the hill on which the town is settled, about 270 burials dated from the mid VII and the III century BC. The study of the grave goods and burial practices as well as the analysis of the topography of the two necropolis area - in Braida and Santo Stefano localities - allowed us to get some important informations about the burials spatial organization, funeraryrituals, the material culture and about changes of the burial ritual after the arrival of the new population, of the Osco-Sabellian origin, in the delicate passage between V and IV century BC.

The city of Poseidonia-Paestum on the Italian peninsula has a long and manifold history throughout Antiquity. The city was founded by Greek settlers in the seventh century BC, put under Lucanian rule around 400 BC, and was finally colonized by the Romans in the year of 273 BC. This study aims to connect the tangible traces of history to the intangible feelings for a place and explore how these elements give rise to the psychological process of place attachment. The concept holds and interdisciplinary potential and thus is possible to apply to the ancient material from Poseidonia-Paestum. The Greek agora, the Roman forum and the extramural Sanctuary of Santa Venera is approached and analysed from this perspective. A close reading of previous research on place attachment in combination with the archaeological record from Poseidonia-Paestum has formed the basis for analysing the material. This study has shown that it is possible to contextualize the theoretical framework of place attachment in an ancient material by pointing out the semiotic potency of the material remains from Poseidonia-Paestum. Through this perspective new questions have been raised and interpreted. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the attitudes and ideas that formed the basis of human actions and decisions in the ancient city of Poseidonia-Paestum has been reached.

Modeling is a powerful tool that can be used to identify important relationships between organisms and their habitat (Guisan & Zimmermann, 2000). Understanding the dynamics of how the two relate to one another is important for conserving and managing ecosystems, but the extreme complexity of those ecosystems makes it very difficult to fully diagram. Unlike many other modeling techniques, Multivariate Regression Trees (MRTs) are not limited by a prior assumptions, pre-determined relationships, transformations, or correlations. MRTs have the power to provide both explanation and prediction of ecological data by producing simple models that are easy to interpret. This study proposed to use MRTs to evaluate and model relationships between Lucania parva and the environment and habitat of Florida Bay. Counts were transformed to presence-absence and abundance groupings. Models were first run using a variety of combination of response variables and all explanatory variables. Results of these models were used to select the best combination of response and explanatory variables in an effort to create a best fit model. Models indicated that Lucania parva populations are found in the dense (cover ≥50%), shallow water (<1.8 m) grass beds that occur in the western portion of Florida Bay. A best fit model was able to explain 63.7% of the variance with predictive error of 0.43.

Les preuves archéologiques, découvertes entre 1980 et 2004 lors des fouilles dans la ville de Sant'Arcangelo (Potenza, Basilicate- Italie), sont concentrées dans le quartier nouvellement construit de San Brancato, situé à environ 280 m au-dessus du niveau de la mer sur la terrasse inférieure de la colline qui domine la vaste vallée de la rivière Agri. Les fouilles ont découvert, dans la partie orientale de la terrasse, les traces de l’ établissement et, vers l'ouest, les zones de la nécropole qui compte plus de 500 de l'époque lucanienne, que sont l’ objet de cette recherche. Ce grand nombre de sépultures et leurs riches mobiliers montrent que cette nécropole devait être liée à un important établissement qui a été formé au moment de la «crise», lorsque les centres enotriens disparaissent. Ce projet de recherche proposait de réunir toutes les données issues de l’analyse de la documentation d’archive réalisée lors des campagnes de fouilles des contextes archéologiques de San Brancato entre 1980 et 2004, relatives à la période située entre la fin du Ve et le IIIe s. av. J.-C. En ce qui concerne la nécropole, nous avons proposé de confronter toutes les données du mobilier funéraire déjà étudié et intégral, dans ce travail, avec le mobilier restauré restant des tombes non publiées et autant que possible, avec certains non restaurés. À travers la documentation de fouilles et cartographique, nous avons en outre aussi proposé d’identifier précisément les points exacts où a été découvert le matériel inédit relatif à d’autres types de contextes (structures, fosses et un four), aujourd’hui conservé au Musée Archéologique National de la Siritide à Policoro, qui est actuellement le seul témoignage d’un établissement plusieurs fois cité dans les publications . À travers l'étude topographique et l'analyse de la culture matérielle, des rituels et des pratiques funéraires, nous avons cherché à comprendre la communauté qui a vécu dans ce établissement, encore peu exploré, et nous avons eu pour but de fournir un cadre détaillé de la situation historico-archéologique de San Brancato en rapport avec les autres centres de la Lucanie antique. / Archaeological evidence, brought to light between 1980 and 2004 during the excavations in the town of Sant’Arcangelo (Potenza, Basilicata- Italy) are concentrated in the newly built district of San Brancato, located about 280 m above sea level on the lower terrace of the hill that dominates the wide valley of the Agri river. The excavations discovered, in the eastern part of the terrace, traces of the settlement and, toward west, the necropolis areas that counts about 600 burials: 60 are related to the Iron Age and more than 500 dating from the Lucanian period, which is the object of this research. This large number of burials and their rich grave goods shows that this necropolis was to be linked to an important settlement that was formed at the time of "crisis", when the Enotrian centers disappear, such as the nearby site Alianello located on the opposite bank of the Agri river. The aim of this research was to gather all the data obtained from the analysis of the archive documentation carried out during the excavation campaigns of the archaeological contexts of San Brancato dated between the end of the 5th and the 3rd century. B.C. For the necropolis, all the data of the already published grave goods were confronted and integrated with the remaining unpublished tombs. Through the excavation and cartographic documentation, we have also proposed to precisely identify the exact points where all the unpubblished material, now hosted at the National Archaeological Museum of Siritide in Policoro and related to other types of contexts - currently the only testimonies of an settlement that has been quoted several times in the publications- were discovered. Through the topographic study and analysis of funerary rituals, burial practices and material culture, we aimed to understand the community that lived in this settlement, still little explored, and we aimed to provide a detailed framework of the historicalarchaeological situation of San Brancato in relation to the other centers of ancient Lucania.

This thesis deals with ancient string and percussion instruments with additional focus on a hydraulic organ, an instrument that is difficult to categorize. The first part of the thesis is a follow-up to the bachelor thesis Wind Instruments of Ancient Greece and Rome, which is devoted to wind instruments, and deals with the classification, description and evolution of the instruments of the other two instrumental groups. This is illustrated on the background of literary, archaeological and iconographic sources, especially on the vase painting. Vase painting well demonstrates the shape, evolution and regional occurrence of these instruments. In the second part of this thesis the Attic and southern Italy vase paintings will be used to compare musical culture in both of these areas. In Attic music scenes the chronological evolution of depicted instruments is examined, while in southern Italian scenes we will concentrate on the differences of depicted instruments in the regions of Campania, Lucania, Sicily, Paestum and Apulia. Finally, the Attic musical instruments are compared with the instruments of southern Italy. The results of the analyses will be entered into graphs. Keywords: ancient music, strings instruments, percussion instruments, Greece, Southern Italy, Campania, Lucania, Apulia, Sicily,...