Thesis (M.S.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008. / Thesis advisor: Xiaoping Shen. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geography." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-131). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.

Diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the impact of sewage treatment plant in the village of Luka nad Jihlavou on the quality of the river Jihlava. Assessment of the influence of the WWTP is based on field monitoring, with sampling of water for subsequent laboratory analysis. The literary research deals with the purification and treatment plants, water legislation, types of water, pollution of surface water, death of fish on accidental water pollution and evaluation of water quality according to ČSN 75 7221 and government Regulation no. 401/2015 Sb. In the literary overview is also given the description of the indicators field monitoring and laboratory determinations. The methodological section describes the principles of individual determination of the field survey and analyses of water samples in the laboratory and characteristics of the sampling sites. Results and discussion chapter based on the graphically processed results to assess the impact of WWTP on water quality in the river Jihlava. From the obtained data it follows, that, despite some exceedances of the limit the boundaries of reading to CSN 75 7221 and government Regulation no. 401/20015, does not significantly affect water quality in the receiving water and not accidental mortalities of the fish community.

<p>Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je dobijanje vi&scaron;estrukih V₁/U/V₂ emulzija kao nosača aktivnih materija u dvostepenom postupku, pri čemu se za drugi korak pripreme koristi tehnika membranskog emulgovanja (ME), na membrani od sinterovanog stakla implementiranoj u ćeliju sa me&scaron;anjem. Proces ME koristi se u svrhu unapređenja karakteristika formiranih emulzija, u smislu bolje kontrole veličine i raspodele veličina formiranih kapi, koje mogu da dovedu do razlika u stepenu inkapsulacije aktivnih materija u unutra&scaron;njoj vodenoj fazi, u odnosu na proces u kome se za drugi korak pripreme emulzija koristi tehnika homogenizacije.<br />Kompletna optimizacija sastava V₁/U emulzija, koja obuhvata određivanje koncentracije hidrofobnog emulgatora (PGPR), lipofobne materije (NaCl) i tikvinog ulja kao sekundarne aktivne komponente, rezultirala je formiranjem stabilnih nanoemulzija sa pobolj&scaron;anim nutritivnim svojstvima. Nutritivno unapređeni emulzioni sistemi optimizovanog sastava kori&scaron;ćeni su za inkapsulaciju primarnih aktivnih komponenata (vodenog i etanolnog ekstrakata belog luka) u cilju za&scaron;tite bioaktivnih sastojaka i maskiranja neprijatnog mirisa i ukusa. Nakon definisanja sastava svih faza vi&scaron;estrukih emulzija, koje ukljuĉuje određivanje tipa hidrofilnog emulgatora i njegove koncentracije, kao i ispitivanja uticaja dodavanja osmotskog regulatora (glukoze) u spolja&scaron;nju vodenu fazu na stabilnost sistema i difuziju lipofoba, formirane su vi&scaron;estruke emulzije sa unetim aktivnim komponentama membranskim emulgovanjem u ćeliji sa me&scaron;anjem. Sistematiĉna karakterizacija membrane od sinter stakla kao ekonomski opravdanog membranskog materijala, dala je mogućnost njegove primene u procesu. Detaljno ispitivanje uticaja procesnih parametara (transmembranskog pritiska i brzine me&scaron;anja) i vi&scaron;ekriterijumska optimizacija procesa ME, dovela su do formiranja vi&scaron;estrukih emulzija sa užom raspodelom veličina kapi, koja je indirektno uticala i na pobolj&scaron;anje zadržavanja inkapsuliranog materijala u unutra&scaron;njosti emulzija tokom vremena, u odnosu na emulzije pripremljene u postupku homogenizacije.</p> / <p style="text-align: justify;">The aim of this doctoral thesis was to prepare multiple W/O/W emulsions with encapsulated active substances in both phases, by a two-step process, where the stirred cell membrane emulsification (ME) process, with a sintered glass filter disk as a membrane, was used as the second step, instead of conventional process (homogenization). The ME process was employed in order to improve the characteristics of the formed emulsions, in terms of better control of the size and droplet size distribution, that can change the encapsulation degree of active ingredients in the internal aqueous phase.<br />The complete optimization of W/O emulsion composition, which includes determination of optimal contents of a hydrophobic emulsifier (PGPR), a lipophobic substance (NaCl) and pumpkin seed oil as an active component of the oil phase, resulted in the formation of stable nanoemulsions with improved nutritional properties. This nutritionally enhanced emulsion was used to encapsulate primary active ingredients (aqueous and ethanol garlic extract), in order to protect instable bioactive compounds of the extracts and mask the unpleasant smell and taste. After defining the composition of all phases of multiple emulsions, which includes determination of a suitable hydrophilic emulsifier and its optimal content, as well as examining the effect of addition of an osmotic regulator (glucose) in the external aqueous phase on the emulsion stability and lipophobe diffusion, multiple emulsions with encapsulated active components were formed by membrane emulsification in the stirred cell. The complete characterization of the sintered glass as an economically favourable membrane material, gave the possibility of its application in the process. Investigation of the influence of process parameters (transmembrane pressure and impeller rotation speed) and multiobjective optimization of ME, led to the formation of the multiple emulsions with a narrow droplet size distribution, which had improved retention of encapsulated material in the internal water phase over time, relative to the emulsions prepared by the homogenization process.</p>

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