Lymphoma is a group of malignant tumour diseases developing in the secondary lymphatic system. These diseases can develop in all organs as lymphocytes are ubiquitously in the body. In connection to mucus membranes we find mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT, in which lymphoma can spontaneously but slowly develop, mostly at chronic inflammation or at autoimmune diseases. Today these diseases are incureable with the exception of some cases caused by Helicobacter pylori-infection. Antibiotic treatment of these cases can induce remissions.MALT-lymphomas have characteristic histological and molecular properties. One of these properties is the translocation t(11; 18)(q21; q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 – MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1) . This means that the API2 gene in chromosome 11 and the MALT1 gene in chromosome 18 have been broken and the formed chromosome fragments changed places, which results in formation of new fusion genes. The fusion genes API2-MALT1 encodes a protein, which results in increased inhibition of apoptosis and increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, which results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour cells will be formed.The aim of this work was to detect and analyse the MALT1-gene in tumour cells from cases with the diagnosis MALT-lymphoma in order to study the outcome of translocations. This was carried out with FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) -technique. Fluorochrome-labelled probes hybridize to each side of the breakpoint of the MALT1-gene and the result is studied in a fluorescence microscope.The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) was found in 22% of the diagnosed MALT-lymphoma patients, which is in accordance to similar studies. 2008:BL7 / Lymfom är en grupp maligna tumörsjukdomar som utvecklas i det sekundära lymfatiska systemet. Samtliga organ kan drabbas av sjukdomen eftersom lymfocyter finns i hela kroppen. I anslutning till slemhinnorna i kroppen finns mukosa-associerad lymfoid vävnad, MALT, som kan utveckla lymfom spontant, vid kronisk inflammation eller vid autoimmuna sjukdomar. MALT-lymfom utvecklas långsamt. Sjukdomen går idag inte att bota med undantag av en del fall som utlösts av en infektion med Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotikabehandling kan i dessa fall inducera remissioner.MALT-lymfom har karaktäristiska histologiska och molekylära egenskaper. En av dessa egenskaper är reciproka translokationer. Den mest förekommande translokationen vid MALT-lymfom är t(11;18)(q21;q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 — MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1). Denna innebär att kromosom 11 i API2-genen liksom kromosom 18 i MALT1-genen har brustit av och att kromosomfragmenten bytt plats så att nya fusionsgener bildats. Den fusionsgen, som bildas i kromosom 11, kodar för proteinet API2-MALT1, vilket medför att apoptosen hämmas onormalt mycket samtidigt som nuclear factor (NF)-κB starkt aktiveras. Detta leder till okontrollerad cellproliferation, varigenom tumörceller bildas.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera utfallet av translokationer genom att påvisa MALT1-genen i tumörceller från fall som fått diagnosen MALT-lymfom. Detta utfördes med FISH(flourescense in situ hybridisation)-teknik. Flourokrommärkta prober binder då till var sida om brytpunkten på MALT1-genen och resultatet syns som färgade punkter då det studeras i flurescensmikroskop.Utfallet av translokationen t(11;18)(q21;q21) blev 22%, vilket stämmer överens med resultat från liknande studier.

<p>Lymphoma is a group of malignant tumour diseases developing in the secondary lymphatic system. These diseases can develop in all organs as lymphocytes are ubiquitously in the body. In connection to mucus membranes we find mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT, in which lymphoma can spontaneously but slowly develop, mostly at chronic inflammation or at autoimmune diseases. Today these diseases are incureable with the exception of some cases caused by <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>-infection. Antibiotic treatment of these cases can induce remissions.MALT-lymphomas have characteristic histological and molecular properties. One of these properties is the translocation t(11; 18)(q21; q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 – MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1) . This means that the API2 gene in chromosome 11 and the MALT1 gene in chromosome 18 have been broken and the formed chromosome fragments changed places, which results in formation of new fusion genes. The fusion genes API2-MALT1 encodes a protein, which results in increased inhibition of apoptosis and increased nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, which results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumour cells will be formed.The aim of this work was to detect and analyse the MALT1-gene in tumour cells from cases with the diagnosis MALT-lymphoma in order to study the outcome of translocations. This was carried out with FISH (fluorescence <em>in situ</em> hybridization) -technique. Fluorochrome-labelled probes hybridize to each side of the breakpoint of the MALT1-gene and the result is studied in a fluorescence microscope.The translocation t(11;18)(q21;q21) was found in 22% of the diagnosed MALT-lymphoma patients, which is in accordance to similar studies.</p><p>2008:BL7</p> / <p>Lymfom är en grupp maligna tumörsjukdomar som utvecklas i det sekundära lymfatiska systemet. Samtliga organ kan drabbas av sjukdomen eftersom lymfocyter finns i hela kroppen. I anslutning till slemhinnorna i kroppen finns mukosa-associerad lymfoid vävnad, MALT, som kan utveckla lymfom spontant, vid kronisk inflammation eller vid autoimmuna sjukdomar. MALT-lymfom utvecklas långsamt. Sjukdomen går idag inte att bota med undantag av en del fall som utlösts av en infektion med <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>. Antibiotikabehandling kan i dessa fall inducera remissioner.MALT-lymfom har karaktäristiska histologiska och molekylära egenskaper. En av dessa egenskaper är reciproka translokationer. Den mest förekommande translokationen vid MALT-lymfom är t(11;18)(q21;q21) API2-MALT1 (apoptosis inhibitor 2 — MALT-lymphoma associated translocation 1). Denna innebär att kromosom 11 i API2-genen liksom kromosom 18 i MALT1-genen har brustit av och att kromosomfragmenten bytt plats så att nya fusionsgener bildats. Den fusionsgen, som bildas i kromosom 11, kodar för proteinet API2-MALT1, vilket medför att apoptosen hämmas onormalt mycket samtidigt som nuclear factor (NF)-κB starkt aktiveras. Detta leder till okontrollerad cellproliferation, varigenom tumörceller bildas.Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera utfallet av translokationer genom att påvisa MALT1-genen i tumörceller från fall som fått diagnosen MALT-lymfom. Detta utfördes med FISH(flourescense <em>in situ</em> hybridisation)-teknik. Flourokrommärkta prober binder då till var sida om brytpunkten på MALT1-genen och resultatet syns som färgade punkter då det studeras i flurescensmikroskop.Utfallet av translokationen t(11;18)(q21;q21) blev 22%, vilket stämmer överens med resultat från liknande studier.</p>

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the morphological signs of the central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We compared morphological characteristics of primary CNSL (PCNSL) and secondary CNSL (SCNSL) and also of PCNSL and glioblastoma (GBM). Methods: We included 64 patients with PCNSL (ten of them were immunocompromised), 21 patients with SCNSL and 54 patients with GBM. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all patients. We evaluated morphological signs on the first MRI examination. Additionally, in patients with PCNSL, we evaluated the development of the disease on follow-up examination before histological confirmation of the diagnosis, if available. Results: In most patients with PCNSL (62.5%) the tumor was localized supratentorially and presented as multiple lesions (53.1%) or as a diffuse infiltrative lesion (23.4%). In 87.5% of the patients the lesions reached the brain surface. Infiltration of ependyma was seen in 56.3%, infiltration of meninges in 39.1% and infiltration of cranial nerves in 48.5% of patients. Restriction of diffusion in some part of the tumor was apparent in nearly all patients (97.6%) with PCNSL. After administration of contrast media, marked enhancement was usually seen. In immunocompetent patients, homogenous...

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Apoptosis serves as a natural barrier to cancer development, and the resistance to apoptosis represents one of the key capabilities acquired during tumor development or progression. Impairment of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway exemplifies one of the established mechanisms of constitutive or acquired drug resistance. As most of the currently used cytotoxic drugs initiate tumor cell death by direct or indirect triggering of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, impairment of the intrinsic pathway is associated with therapy failure. Targeting of the death receptors, however, enables induction of apoptosis even in the chemotherapy resistant cancer cells. TRAIL is a death ligand belonging to the TNFα superfamily that specifically kills tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues. Much enthusiasm has been generated for TRAIL as a highly promising targeted anti-cancer agent. However, many primary tumors have been shown to be TRAIL resistant. In attempt to overcome such an intrinsic TRAIL resistance a wide array of agents have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL. Previous studies reported that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, sensitized various solid cancer cells to TRAIL. In this study we analyzed the sensitivity of diverse hematologic malignancies to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and measured the...

1 ABSTRACT B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL) represent the most common mature lymphoproliferative diseases. B-NHL arise at different stages of B-cell development and represent their malignant counterpart. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are aggressive types of B-NHLs. Deregulation of cell cycle control, inhibition of apoptosis or abnormal DNA damage response play a key role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL and MCL. Aberrant activation of several signaling pathways that further promote survival, cell proliferation or affect the tumor microenvironment have been recently recognized. Increased understanding of the oncogenic mechanisms implicated in pathogenesis of B-NHL lead to development of novel agents that target the oncogenic drivers of distinct lymphoma subtypes. MCL is an aggressive subtype of B-NHL associated with poor prognosis. In vivo models of human MCL for experimental therapy are however scarce. We established and characterized several mouse models of human MCL by xenotransplantation of either primary cells or established cell lines into immunodeficient mice (publication no 1). We demonstrated that engrafted MCL cells displayed complex changes of gene expression profile, phenotype and sensitivity to cytotoxic agents compared to the original in vitro growing...

A possible treatment for patients with lymphoma and myeloma is stem cell transplantation (SCT). SCT is preceded with cytostatic treatment. There are several side effects related to this treatment, for example fatigue, nausea, constipation/diarrhoea, pain, mucositis and loss of appetite. Aim: Investigate which side effects related to the treatment where most troubling after SCT and if nurse assessment and patient assessment differ. Methods: A quantitative empirical study with repeated measuring. The two groups of nurses and patients answered a form independently. Results: Loss of appetite and fatigue are the most troubling side effects according to both nurse and patient. Older patients tended to be more affected by fatigue. The nurses estimated the side effects such as loss of appetite, fatigue, diarrhoea and nausea lower than the patients did. Conclusion: No definitive conclusion could be made because of the small patient/nurse sample. However, there is a tendency showing difficulty for nurses to estimate correctly the side effects suffered by the patients. The nurses tend to estimate the side effects lower than the patients do.

Hodgkins lymfom är en cancersjukdom som uppstår i det lymfatiska systemet och i Sverige är det ungefär 200 personer per år som insjuknar. Majoriteten av de insjuknade är mellan 15-34 år och ungefär 90% med diagnosen blir botade. Behandlingsformen för Hodgkins lymfom varierar beroende på stadie och då även vilka substanser som ingår i behandlingen. Alkylerande substanser, till exempel prokarbazin och cyklofosfamid, är substanser som är icke-cell-cykelspecifika och förhindrar DNA syntes. Detta kan leda till azoospermi hos männen och reducerad population av ursprungfolliklar hos kvinnor. På grund av dessa effekter var syftet med denna litteraturstudie att se om behandlingarna ABVD (en kombination av fyra olika cytostatika) och BEACOPP (en kombination av prednisolon samt sex olika cytostatika med större innehåll av alkylerare än ABVD) leder till en nedsatt fertilitet hos kvinnor och/eller män samt om fertiliteten återkommer efter avslutad behandling. Detta gjordes genom en litteraturstudie efter sökningar på PubMed där sju studier valdes ut efter inklusionskriterier och exklusionskriterier. Det kunde ses att spermiekvalitén minskade efter båda behandlingsformerna bland männen och att antalet behandlingscykler hade betydelse för hur nedsatt fertiliteten blev. Färre cykler med mindre intensiv behandling hade mindre effekt än fler cykler av mer intensiv behandling. De flesta männen återfick dock sin fertilitet inom fem år. För kvinnorna sågs ett snarlikt resultat där behandlingen BEACOPP orsakade försämrade värden av anti-müllerskt hormon (AMH) och en frånvaro av menstruationscykeln. Hos kvinnor var förekomsten av prematur ovarialsvikt (POF) korrelerat till ålder vid behandlingens start och antalet cykler administrerade.

Title Complex preoperative brain tumor imaging Abstract The differentiation of glioblastoma, metastases and brain lymphoma using modern diagnostic imaging methods has a major impact on the strategy of further diagnostic examinations and treatment. In a group of 67 patients with glioblastoma and 31 with cerebral metastasis, the ability to differentiate them according to the evaluation of perfusion parameters changes in peritumoral white matter by T1 dynamic post-contrast magnetic resonance imaging was verified, with the positive predictive value in glioblastoma detection up to 91%. In a group of 36 brain lymphoma patients the importance of imaging submodalities and contribution of a complex magnetic resonance imaging protocol to detect lymphoma up to 80% were evaluated. Key words brain, glioblastoma, lymphoma, magnetic resonance imaging, neoplasm metastasis

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