This thesis investigates the notion, perception and mediation of whiteness in the Swedish-American immigrant newspapers coverage of lynchings of African-Americans between 1900–1922 and how the editors, of both the larger bourgeois and the smaller socialist and communist press, deployed it in the construction of the racial Swedish-American identity to mirror the contemporary American racial hierarchy.  A main departure point is that the Swedish-American identity, in part, was constructed in relation to other racialized groups in America but also to already existing groups in the American society such as the Anglo-Saxons, as the hegemon of what constituted whiteness, but also the descendants of African slaves as the polar opposite.  A crucial claim is that the Swedish-American immigrant group were socialized into the racial hierarchy of the contemporary American society by the Swedish-American newspapers. This was possible due to the Swedish-American bourgeois press normalized the victimization of the African-American community in regards to the practice of lynchings, both by how they reported on lynching cases but also by the very placement of news articles.  This study has shown that, with the exception of the communist press, the Swedish-American press participated in the practice of lynchings by reproducing and mediating different aspects of African-Americans Otherness and blackness to their readers by creating a color line between white and non-white Americans.

Up until the mid 1860s, an overwhelming majority of blacks in the US South were held in chattel slavery, from which they were freed after a Civil War (1861-1865). A recurring argument in institutional economics is that the institution of slavery did not disappear, but took other forms, e.g. segregation and violence. This is explored here, looking at the unsettling level of lethal violence against the black population 1875-1930. Literature empirically testing the legacy of slavery is hitherto scarce. I use a generalized difference-in-differences model to look at the effect of separate coach laws and disenfranchisement laws on lynchings and executions, respectively. All estimations are separated between blacks and non-blacks. I find precise and negative effects of disenfranchisement on executions of blacks and precise and positive effects of separate coach laws on executions of blacks. The same pattern holds true for lynchings of blacks, but only the estimate for separate coach laws is precise. No estimates are precise for lethal violence against non-blacks. This study lends support to the idea that lethal violence was used as an instrument to control the African American population.

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A pesquisa analisa dados sobre linchamentos ocorridos entre 1980 e 2009, na cidade de São Paulo e nos municípios de sua Região Metropolitana, utilizando como fonte primária o material coletado pelo Banco de Dados da Imprensa Sobre as Graves Violações de Direitos Humanos do Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram o uso de técnicas como análise documental e análise de conteúdo para tratar os dados quantitativos e dados qualitativos extraídos das notícias de jornal. O objetivo da análise longitudinal foi observar possíveis mudanças nas características deste fenômeno ao longo do tempo, para responder as questões propostas: O que muda nos casos de linchamentos ao longo das três últimas décadas? e De que forma as transformações socioeconômicas ocorridas na região estudada podem afetar as ocorrências e características dos linchamentos?. Considerando alguns dos principais aspectos e transformações na economia, política, urbanização, criminalidade e padrões de sociabilidade marcantes na região nos últimos 30 anos, a pesquisa busca estabelecer uma conexão entre os dados analisados e a dinâmica macrossocial da cidade, apontando a importância de se considerar elementos contextuais em análises longitudinais de linchamentos. / The research analyzes data on lynchings occurred between 1980 and 2009 in the city of São Paulo and in the municipalities of its metropolitan area, using as primary source material collected by the Database of Press About the Serious Human Rights Violations of the Center for the Study of violence at the University of São Paulo. The methodological procedures included the use of techniques such as document analysis and content analysis to treat quantitative data and qualitative data drawn from news reports. Through a longitudinal analysis, the survey noted possible changes in the characteristics of lynchings over time, to answer the questions posed: \"What changes in the cases of lynchings over the past three decades\" And \"How the socioeconomic transformations in the region studied may affect the occurrence and characteristics of lynching\". Considering some of the main aspects and transformations in the economy, politics, urbanization, crime and patterns of sociability prominent in that the region in the past 30 years, the research seeks to establish a connection between the data analyzed and macrosocial dynamics of the city, pointing out the importance of consider contextual elements in longitudinal analyzes of lynchings.

A pesquisa analisa dados sobre linchamentos ocorridos entre 1980 e 2009, na cidade de São Paulo e nos municípios de sua Região Metropolitana, utilizando como fonte primária o material coletado pelo Banco de Dados da Imprensa Sobre as Graves Violações de Direitos Humanos do Núcleo de Estudos da Violência da Universidade de São Paulo. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluíram o uso de técnicas como análise documental e análise de conteúdo para tratar os dados quantitativos e dados qualitativos extraídos das notícias de jornal. O objetivo da análise longitudinal foi observar possíveis mudanças nas características deste fenômeno ao longo do tempo, para responder as questões propostas: O que muda nos casos de linchamentos ao longo das três últimas décadas? e De que forma as transformações socioeconômicas ocorridas na região estudada podem afetar as ocorrências e características dos linchamentos?. Considerando alguns dos principais aspectos e transformações na economia, política, urbanização, criminalidade e padrões de sociabilidade marcantes na região nos últimos 30 anos, a pesquisa busca estabelecer uma conexão entre os dados analisados e a dinâmica macrossocial da cidade, apontando a importância de se considerar elementos contextuais em análises longitudinais de linchamentos. / The research analyzes data on lynchings occurred between 1980 and 2009 in the city of São Paulo and in the municipalities of its metropolitan area, using as primary source material collected by the Database of Press About the Serious Human Rights Violations of the Center for the Study of violence at the University of São Paulo. The methodological procedures included the use of techniques such as document analysis and content analysis to treat quantitative data and qualitative data drawn from news reports. Through a longitudinal analysis, the survey noted possible changes in the characteristics of lynchings over time, to answer the questions posed: \"What changes in the cases of lynchings over the past three decades\" And \"How the socioeconomic transformations in the region studied may affect the occurrence and characteristics of lynching\". Considering some of the main aspects and transformations in the economy, politics, urbanization, crime and patterns of sociability prominent in that the region in the past 30 years, the research seeks to establish a connection between the data analyzed and macrosocial dynamics of the city, pointing out the importance of consider contextual elements in longitudinal analyzes of lynchings.