A web-aided query translation expansion method in Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) is presented in this study. The method is applied to English/Chinese language pair, in which queries are expressed in English and the documents returned are in Chinese. Among the three main categories of CLIR methods of machine translation (MT), dictionary translation using a machine-readable dictionary (MRD), and parallel corpus, our method is based on the second one. MRD-based method is easy to implement. However, it faces the resource limitation problem, i.e., the dictionary is often incomplete leading to poor translation and hence undesirable results. By combining MRD and web-aided query translation expansion technique, good retrieval performance can be achieved. The performance gain is largely due to the successful translation extraction of relevant words of a query term from online texts. A new Chinese word discovery algorithm, which extracts words from continuous Chinese characters was designed and used for this purpose. The extracted relevant words do not only include the precise translation of a query term, but also those words that are relevant to that term in the source language. / Jin Honglan. / "October 2005." / Adviser: Kam Fai Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3899. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-121). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Buddhist translation has a long history and has become one of the most important translation activities in the new millennium. It plays an important role in popularizing the Buddhist doctrine and in facilitating the exchange of views on the Dharma between East and West. / But the sheer volume of texts to be translated and the complex nature of Buddhist translation bring challenges to translators. The use of electronic translation tools might provide a way out. To explore translation technology for the rendition of Buddhist texts and to evaluate its possible contributions, my research introduces six computational approaches to Buddhist translation. They highlight the significance of combining human intelligence and artificial intelligence in the process of translation. / I hope my research will help revolutionize Buddhist translation in the information age. It will also provide new insights into translation technology, Translation Studies, Buddhist studies, and translation activities in other domains. / The present research consists of 10 parts: Chapter 1 is the introduction, with the objectives and methodology explained. Chapter 2 (i) redefines Buddhist translation in a global context, and (ii) introduces the idea of translating Buddhist texts with technology. Chapters 3-8 explore the six approaches to bring technology and Buddhist translation together. Chapter 3 discusses the use of existing translation tools (e.g., translation engines and translation memory databases) and electronic resources (e.g., electronic Buddhist dictionaries). Chapter 4 presents a dialogue-based approach highlighting the interaction between human translators and virtual translation assistants. Chapter 5 examines a stepwise approach featuring human-aided natural language processing in a series of translation sub-tasks. Chapter 6 concerns itself with a hint-based approach involving computer-assisted human translation based on the automatic generation of translation tips and instant suggestions. Chapter 7 focuses on a collaborative approach to the open translation of Buddhist texts. Chapter 8 studies a new form of e-text that provides readers with new ways to interact with not only the target text but also other readers and translators. Chapter 9 examines possible ways to integrate the six approaches in different translation scenarios. Chapter 10 is the conclusion. / This study is a pioneer attempt to (i) explore computational approaches to the rendition of Buddhist texts and (ii) examine how these approaches might change the world of Buddhist translation in the digital era. / 蕭世昌. / Advisers: Sin Wai Chan; Yau Yuk Chong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-09(E), Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 306-318) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xiao Shichang.

English-language news articles are no longer necessarily the best source of information. The Web allows information to spread more quickly and travel farther: first-person accounts of breaking news events pop up on social media, and foreign-language news articles are accessible to, if not immediately understandable by, English-speaking users. This thesis focuses on developing automatic summarization techniques for these new sources of information. We focus on summarizing two specific new sources of information: personal narratives, first-person accounts of exciting or unusual events that are readily found in blog entries and other social media posts, and non-English documents, which must first be translated into English, often introducing translation errors that complicate the summarization process. Personal narratives are a very new area of interest in natural language processing research, and they present two key challenges for summarization. First, unlike many news articles, whose lead sentences serve as summaries of the most important ideas in the articles, personal narratives provide no such shortcuts for determining where important information occurs in within them; second, personal narratives are written informally and colloquially, and unlike news articles, they are rarely edited, so they require heavier editing and rewriting during the summarization process. Non-English documents, whether news or narrative, present yet another source of difficulty on top of any challenges inherent to their genre: they must be translated into English, potentially introducing translation errors and disfluencies that must be identified and corrected during summarization. The bulk of this thesis is dedicated to addressing the challenges of summarizing personal narratives found on the Web. We develop a two-stage summarization system for personal narrative that first extracts sentences containing important content and then rewrites those sentences into summary-appropriate forms. Our content extraction system is inspired by contextualist narrative theory, using changes in writing style throughout a narrative to detect sentences containing important information; it outperforms both graph-based and neural network approaches to sentence extraction for this genre. Our paraphrasing system rewrites the extracted sentences into shorter, standalone summary sentences, learning to mimic the paraphrasing choices of human summarizers more closely than can traditional lexicon- or translation-based paraphrasing approaches. We conclude with a chapter dedicated to summarizing non-English documents written in low-resource languages – documents that would otherwise be unreadable for English-speaking users. We develop a cross-lingual summarization system that performs even heavier editing and rewriting than does our personal narrative paraphrasing system; we create and train on large amounts of synthetic errorful translations of foreign-language documents. Our approach produces fluent English summaries from disdisfluent translations of non-English documents, and it generalizes across languages.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--Kutztown State College. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2818. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaf [1]. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-38).

The objective of the project was to develop a machine language to assembler language translator for the IBM 360 computer. The translator developed has the capability of processing modules in any of the formats accepted by the IH"I 360. That is, source modules in any language, object modules and load modules can all be processed by the translator. The output from the translator consists of a machine language display, an assembler code display, a storage map display and a display of register contents at initiation and termination of module processing.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Computer Science, Thomas J. Watson School of Engineering and Applied Science, 2005. / "This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation)"--ProQuest abstract document view. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1991. / Typescript. Includes bibliography: leaf [53].

Ehlers, E.M., Prof.

Traditional views of grammatical theory hold that languages are characterised by sets of constructions. This approach entails the enumeration of all possible constructions for each language being described. Current theories of transformational generative grammar have established an alternative position. Specifically, Chomsky's Government-Binding theory proposes a system of principles which are common to human language. Such a theory is referred to as a "Universal Grammar"(UG). Associated with the principles of grammar are parameters of variation which account for the diversity of human languages. The grammar for a particular language is known as a "Core Grammar", and is characterised by an appropriately parametrised instance of UG. Despite these advances in linguistic theory, construction-based approaches have remained the status quo within the field of natural language processing. This thesis investigates the possibility of developing a principle-based system which reflects the modular nature of the linguistic theory. That is, rather than stipulating the possible constructions of a language, a system is developed which uses the principles of grammar and language specific parameters to parse language. Specifically, a system-is presented which performs syntactic analysis and translation for a subset of English and German. The cross-linguistic nature of the theory is reflected by the system which can be considered a procedural model of UG. / Science, Faculty of / Computer Science, Department of / Graduate

The majority of the world's languages are poorly represented in informational media like radio, television, newspapers, and the Internet. Translation into and out of these languages may offer a way for speakers of these languages to interact with the wider world, but current statistical machine translation models are only effective with a large corpus of parallel texts - texts in two languages that are translations of one another - which most languages lack. This thesis describes the Babylon project which attempts to alleviate this shortage by supplementing existing parallel texts with texts gathered automatically from the Web -- specifically targeting pages that contain text in a pair of languages. Results indicate that parallel texts gathered from the Web can be effectively used as a source of training data for machine translation and can significantly improve the translation quality for text in a similar domain. However, the small quantity of high-quality low-density language parallel texts on the Web remains a significant obstacle.