The term “gestational diabetes” first was used in 1967 by J.Pedersen [J.Pedersen, 1967]. Up till then a number of other names was used to describe this pathology in scientific literature. During the last four decades a lot of reseach was done on this pregnancy related metabolic disturbance, but it is discussed up till now if this condition is worth of attention in general and if setting the diagnose is more beneficial or more harmful. Controversy exists also concerning diagnosing methods and criteria of gestational diabetes (GD). It is still discussed about the usefullness of global screening, though the majority of authors agree that by examining only the women who have predisposing factors for GD, up till 25% of GD cases would remain undiagnosed with consequently worse pregnancy outcome compared to the diagnosed and treated cases [K.M.Adams et al., 1998; D.Baliutavičienė et al., 2005]. The major complication of GD – fetal macrosomy, appears 2-4 times more frequently compared to healthy pregnant women [O.Langer et al., 2000] and is related not only to higher probability of labour trauma to mother and newborn, but also with a higher incidence of obesity in childhood and adulthood [B.Vohr et al., 1997; D.Dabelea et al., 1999; M.W.Gillman et al., 2003]. Even though it was succeded to decreace the mortality and morbidity of newborns by normalising glucose level in blood in GD patients, the incidence of macrosomy in these risky pregnancies remains higher compared to healthy... [to full text]