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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Understanding Crustal Volatiles : Provenance,  Processes and Implications

Blythe, Lara S. January 2012 (has links)
Knowledge of the provenance of crustal volatiles and the processes by which they are released is extremely important for the dynamics of magmatic systems. Presented here are the results of multiple investigations, which aim to understand magmatic volatile contamination from contrasting but complementary perspectives. The main methodologies used include He and C isotope values and CO2/3He ratios of volcanic gases and fluids; simulation of magma-carbonate interaction using high-pressure high-temperature experimental petrology; X-ray microtomography of vesiculated xenoliths and computer modeling. Findings show that the contribution from upper crustal volatiles can be substantial, and is dependant on the upper crustal lithology on which a volcano lies, as well as the composition of the magma supplied. Carbonate dissolution in particular is strongly controlled by the viscosity of the host magma. The details of the breakdown of vesiculated xenoliths is complex but has wide reaching implications, ranging from the dissemination of crustally derived materials through a magma body to highlighting that crustal volatiles are largely unaccounted for in both individual volcano and global volatile budgets. In synthesizing the conclusions from each of the individual perspectives presented, I propose the contribution of volatiles from crustal sources to play a significant role in many geological systems. This volatile component should be taken into consideration in future research efforts.
2

Magma-Carbonate Interaction and CO2 Release: A Case Study from Carlingford Igneous Centre, Ireland / Magma-karbonat-interaktion och CO2-utsläpp: En studie från Carlingford Igneous Centre, Irland

Lagrosen, Emelie January 2020 (has links)
Magma which intrudes into carbonate rich crust, interacts with the carbonate in several ways, for example by contact metamorphism and formation of marble or by metasomatism resulting in calc-silicate skarn. These processes release volatiles, such as CO2, from the carbonate and might thus cause climate change. One volcanic complex where the intrusions and their surrounding metamorphic aureole are well exposed and therefore convenient for investigation of magma-carbonate interaction is the Carlingford Igneous Centre in NE of Ireland. The complex is dominated by a gabbro lopolith and a microgranite ring dyke, which intruded into limestone and meta-siltstone at around 62-60 Ma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent of magma-carbonate interaction and assess the amount of CO2 which could have been released from the aureole at Carlingford. This is done by analysing major and trace elements as well as carbon and sulphur content in skarn and marble samples from a transect along the calc-silicate metamorphic aureole. The analytical methods used are SEM- EDX, XRF, LA-ICP-MS and carbon and sulphur analyses. The CO2 release is calculated by comparing the carbon and CO2 content in the skarn and marble samples with that in the unmetamorphosed limestone. The results show that the skarn has experienced a strong interaction with the magma, as it contains several high-grade minerals, such as wollastonite, vesuvianite and pyrope, and has lost almost all its carbon. The extent of interaction and amount of CO2 release is generally much lower in the marble, even though a few marble samples show a strong interaction and a high degree of degassing. On the other hand, the amount of marble in the aureole turns out to be significantly higher than the amount of skarn (70-90% compared to 10-30%). The total mass of CO2 release from the calc-silicate aureole is calculated to 0.64-9.06 Gt, where 1.30-2.67 Gt being the most realistic amount. This released CO2 has probably not caused any significant climate change on its own but may have had a small contribution to global warming together with other volcanoes that were active during the same period of time. / Magma som tränger in i karbonatrik jordskorpa, integrerar med karbonaten på flera olika sätt, t.ex. genom kontaktmetamorfos och bildande av marmor eller genom metasomatos, vilket resulterar i kalk-silikatisk skarn. Dessa processer släpper ut flyktiga ämnen, som exempelvis CO2, från karbonaten och kan därmed orsaka klimatförändring. Ett vulkaniskt komplex där intrusioner och deras omgivande metamorfa aureoler är välexponerade och därmed lämpliga för undersökning av magma-karbonat-interaktion är Carlingford Igneous Centre i nordöstra Irland. Komplexet domineras av en gabbro-lopolit och en mikrogranitisk ring-gång, som trängde in i kalksten och metasiltsten för ca 62-60 Ma. Syftet med studien är att undersöka graden av magma-karbonat-interaktion och bedöma mängden CO2 som kan ha släppts ut från aureolen i Carlingford. Detta utförs genom analysering av huvudelement och spårelement samt av kol- och svavelinnehåll i skarn- och marmorprover från en transekt genom den kalk-silikatiska metamorfa aureolen. De analytiska metoder som används är SEM-EDX, XRF, LA-ICP- MS samt kol- och svavelanalyser. Mängden CO2 beräknas genom att jämföra kol- och CO2-innehåll i skarn- och marmorprover med innehållet kol och CO2 i den ickemetamorfa kalkstenen. Resultaten visar att skarn har genomgått en stark interaktion med magman, då bergarten innehåller flera mineral av hög metamorf grad, som exempelvis wollastonit, vesuvianit och pyrop, samt har förlorat nästan allt sitt kol. Graden interaktion och mängden CO2-utsläpp är generellt mycket lägre i marmorn än i skarnen, även fast några marmorprover visar stark interaktion och en stor del avgasning. Å andra sidan är mängden marmor i aureolen signifikant högre än mängden skarn (70-90% jämfört med 10-30%). Den totala massan av CO2-utsläpp från den kalk-silikatiska delen av aureolen är beräknad till 0,64-9,06 Gt, där 1,30-2,67 Gt anses vara den mest realistiska mängden. Detta utsläpp av CO2 har troligtvis inte orsakat någon signifikant klimatpåverkan på egen hand, men kan ha haft en liten bidragande effekt till global uppvärmning tillsammans med andra vulkaner som var aktiva under samma geologiska tidsperiod.

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