The maintenance cost for an engineering system is an uncertain quantity due to uncertainties associated with occurrence of failure and the time taken to restore the system. The problem of probabilistic analysis of maintenance cost can be modeled as a stochastic renewal-reward process, which is a complex problem. Assuming that the time horizon of the maintenance policy approaches infinity, simple asymptotic formulas have been derived for the failure rate and the cost per unit time. These asymptotic formulas are widely utilized in the reliability literature for the optimization of a maintenance policy. However, in the finite life of highly reliable systems, such as safety systems used in a nuclear plant, the applicability of asymptotic approximations is questionable. Thus, the development of methods for accurate evaluation of expected maintenance cost, failure rate, and availability of engineering systems is the subject matter of this thesis. In this thesis, an accurate derivation of any m-th order statistical moment of maintenance cost is presented. The proposed formulation can be used to derive results for a specific maintenance policy. The cost of condition-based maintenance (CBM) of a system is analyzed in detail, in which the system degradation is modeled as a stochastic gamma process. The CBM model is generalized by considering the random repair time and delay in degradation initiation. Since the expected cost is not informative enough to estimate the financial risk measures, such as Value-at-Risk, the probability distribution of the maintenance cost is derived. This derivation is based on an interesting idea that the characteristic function of the cost can be computed from a renewal-type integral equation, and its Fourier transform leads to the probability distribution. A sequential inspection and replacement strategy is presented for the asset management of a large population of components. The finite-time analyses presented in this thesis can be combined to compute the reliability and availability at the system level. Practical case studies involving the maintenance of the heat transport piping system in a nuclear plant and a breakwater are presented. A general conclusion is that finite time cost analysis should be used for a realistic evaluation and optimization of maintenance policies for critical infrastructure systems.

The maintenance cost for an engineering system is an uncertain quantity due to uncertainties associated with occurrence of failure and the time taken to restore the system. The problem of probabilistic analysis of maintenance cost can be modeled as a stochastic renewal-reward process, which is a complex problem. Assuming that the time horizon of the maintenance policy approaches infinity, simple asymptotic formulas have been derived for the failure rate and the cost per unit time. These asymptotic formulas are widely utilized in the reliability literature for the optimization of a maintenance policy. However, in the finite life of highly reliable systems, such as safety systems used in a nuclear plant, the applicability of asymptotic approximations is questionable. Thus, the development of methods for accurate evaluation of expected maintenance cost, failure rate, and availability of engineering systems is the subject matter of this thesis. In this thesis, an accurate derivation of any m-th order statistical moment of maintenance cost is presented. The proposed formulation can be used to derive results for a specific maintenance policy. The cost of condition-based maintenance (CBM) of a system is analyzed in detail, in which the system degradation is modeled as a stochastic gamma process. The CBM model is generalized by considering the random repair time and delay in degradation initiation. Since the expected cost is not informative enough to estimate the financial risk measures, such as Value-at-Risk, the probability distribution of the maintenance cost is derived. This derivation is based on an interesting idea that the characteristic function of the cost can be computed from a renewal-type integral equation, and its Fourier transform leads to the probability distribution. A sequential inspection and replacement strategy is presented for the asset management of a large population of components. The finite-time analyses presented in this thesis can be combined to compute the reliability and availability at the system level. Practical case studies involving the maintenance of the heat transport piping system in a nuclear plant and a breakwater are presented. A general conclusion is that finite time cost analysis should be used for a realistic evaluation and optimization of maintenance policies for critical infrastructure systems.

Vienas pagrindinių teisinės valstybės uždavinių – užtikrinti labiausiai pažeidžiamų socialinių grupių, tarp jų vaikų, teises bei teisėtus interesus. Šis darbas skirtas išnagrinėti vaiko teisę būti savo tėvų išlaikomam bei teisę gyventi ir augti savo šeimoje kartu su tėvais, o taip pat šias teises atitinkančias tėvų pareigas, kurios yra reglamentuojamos tiek tarptautinės, tiek nacionalinės teisės normomis. Socialinė tikrovė sąlygoja tai, kad tėvai ne visuomet geranoriškai, bendru susitarimu teikia išlaikymą savo nepilnamečiams vaikams bei ne visuomet tarpusavyje susitaria dėl jų vaikų gyvenamosios vietos nustatymo. Šios priežastys sąlygoja atsiradimą ginčų dėl išlaikymo vaikams priteisimo bei jų gyvenamosios vietos nustatymo. Įstatymų leidėjas yra suformavęs visumą teisinių mechanizmų, įgalinančių teismus spręsti šiuos ginčus. Tai ypač pasakytina apie šių ginčų teisinį reglamentavimą Lietuvos Respublikos civiliniame kodekse, kuriame nubrėžiamos esminės teisinės gairės, kokiu būdu teisme turi būti sprendžiami minėti ginčai. Nepaisant to, nagrinėjamų ginčų kontekste pozityvioji teisė suteikia plačią diskrecijos teisę teismams pagal savo vidinį įsitikinimą vertinti eilę bylos aplinkybių, turinčių lemiamą reikšmę sprendimo priėmimui. Dėl minėtos priežasties išskirtinę reikšmę įgyja Lietuvos Aukščiausiojo Teismo priimamos nutartys kasacinėse bylose bei Aukščiausiojo Teismo Senato nutarimai, kurių pagalba formuojama vieninga teisės aiškinimo bei taikymo praktika. Šių veiksnių įtakos... [to full text] / One of the main objects of the legal state – is to safeguard the legal interest and rights of the most exposed social groups, children among them. This work sets a task to analyse the children‘s right to be maintained by his (her) parents and the right to live with his (her) parents, be brought up in his (her) parents’ family, as well as correspondent obligations of the parents, which are regulated by international and national rules of law. Social reality determines that parents not always benevolently, by the mutual agreement provide maintenance for their underage children and determine the residence of the child. These reasons condition the appearance of the disputes over issue of the maintenance order and determination of child’s residence.

This dissertation solves the problems with management of capital goods in the company STROJÍRNA OSLAVANY, spol. s r.o.. The work is elaborated from the analysis of present situation in the plant, whereas the heed is oriented to the most important areas, especially the organisation and service activity and maintenance of assets. The result of the performed analysis is the identification of weak points. Proposals are submitted in the second part of the work, in order to solve the problems found by presented analysis. The economical evaluation of the proposals and determination for assumptions for the application of extended result to company use is performed at the end of the work.

[pt] O Direito Internacional Privado, tendo como eixo axiológico o homem, é um dos mais importantes instrumentos da ciência jurídica no reconhecimento e preservação da dignidade e dos direitos humanos. Em se tratando de família, essa propriedade vem sendo notada no decorrer de sua história, fornecendo ao homem a oportunidade de ter sua dignidade respeitada das mais diversas formas. A uniformização e a codificação do Direito Internacional Privado, através da composição de grandes ambientes de debates e negociação, como a Convenção Permanente da Haia, possibilitam o respeito às diferenças culturais e sociais. Consequentemente, no momento da construção da melhor lei a ser aplicada ou até mesmo da lei material adotada pela Convenção, constrói-se um conjunto normativo sólido e legítimo que fornece ao indivíduo sua promoção. / [en] The Private international law, having as the axiological axis the man, is one of the most important tools of legal science in the recognition and preservation of dignity and human rights. When it comes to family, this property has been recognized in the course of its history, giving the man the opportunity to have their dignity respected in many different ways. The standardization and codification of Private International Law, through the composition of large spaces of debate and negotiation, as the Permanent Convention Hague, allow respect for cultural and social differences. Consequently, during the construction of the best law to be applied or even the substantive law adopted by the Convention, it s built a solid and legitimate set of rules that provides promotion to the individual.