Thesis (doctoral)--Universiteit Leiden, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [433]-437).

Proefschrift--Letteren--Universiteit Leiden, 2005. / La couv. porte comme nom d'auteur : Peter Kraal. Bibliogr. 433-437.

O presente estudo tem como eixo central as conexões entre a produção de esculturas em madeira, conhecidas como mashinamu ou arte makonde, e a história de Moçambique, pelo viés da atuação política e artística da população makonde deste país, entre 1950 e 1974. O recorte temporal abrange duas fases com marcas significativas nas dinâmicas sociais do referido grupo. A primeira de 1950 a 1959, pela valorização da arte makonde no mercado internacional da arte africana, pelo aumento do fluxo migratório para o Tanganyika, e pela formação de organizações de ajuda mútua e políticas lá instaladas. A segunda, de 1959 a 1974, pelos novos significados da arte makonde na luta pela independência de Moçambique e pelo projeto de consolidação de uma nacionalidade moçambicana. No intuito de compreender a referida produção artística em diálogo com a história política de Moçambique, o estudo elucidou, dentre outros aspectos, os sentidos dessa produção em diferentes contextos políticos e sociais e o papel da população makonde no processo de independência de Moçambique. A pesquisa se debruçou sobre fontes escritas constituídas por publicações e documentos do período colonial e sobre fontes orais, formadas, especialmente, por entrevistas realizadas com escultores atuantes nas esferas política e artística no período colonial. / This thesis focuses on the connections between the production of wooden sculptures, known as mashinamu or makonde art, and Mozambiques history under the point of view of the makonde population and its political and artistic participation in the country, from 1950 until 1974. This period comprehends two essential moments for the groups social dynamics: the first, between 1950 and 1959, is characterized by the appreciation of makonde art in international African art markets, the growth of the migration flow towards the Tanganyika and the formation of mutual assistance organizations and policies that had been created there. The second moment, between 1959 and 1974, consists in the new significance makonde art undertakes in Mozambiques independence struggle and the project for the consolidation of a Mozambican nationality. With the intent of understanding the artistic production in relation to Mozambiques political history, this thesis elicited, among other aspects, the meanings of this production under different political and social contexts and the role of the makonde population in the countrys independence process. The research has looked into written registers consisting in documents and publications from the colonial period as well as into oral accounts, formed especially by interviews with sculptors who participated in the artistic and political spheres from the colonial period.

O presente estudo tem como eixo central as conexões entre a produção de esculturas em madeira, conhecidas como mashinamu ou arte makonde, e a história de Moçambique, pelo viés da atuação política e artística da população makonde deste país, entre 1950 e 1974. O recorte temporal abrange duas fases com marcas significativas nas dinâmicas sociais do referido grupo. A primeira de 1950 a 1959, pela valorização da arte makonde no mercado internacional da arte africana, pelo aumento do fluxo migratório para o Tanganyika, e pela formação de organizações de ajuda mútua e políticas lá instaladas. A segunda, de 1959 a 1974, pelos novos significados da arte makonde na luta pela independência de Moçambique e pelo projeto de consolidação de uma nacionalidade moçambicana. No intuito de compreender a referida produção artística em diálogo com a história política de Moçambique, o estudo elucidou, dentre outros aspectos, os sentidos dessa produção em diferentes contextos políticos e sociais e o papel da população makonde no processo de independência de Moçambique. A pesquisa se debruçou sobre fontes escritas constituídas por publicações e documentos do período colonial e sobre fontes orais, formadas, especialmente, por entrevistas realizadas com escultores atuantes nas esferas política e artística no período colonial. / This thesis focuses on the connections between the production of wooden sculptures, known as mashinamu or makonde art, and Mozambiques history under the point of view of the makonde population and its political and artistic participation in the country, from 1950 until 1974. This period comprehends two essential moments for the groups social dynamics: the first, between 1950 and 1959, is characterized by the appreciation of makonde art in international African art markets, the growth of the migration flow towards the Tanganyika and the formation of mutual assistance organizations and policies that had been created there. The second moment, between 1959 and 1974, consists in the new significance makonde art undertakes in Mozambiques independence struggle and the project for the consolidation of a Mozambican nationality. With the intent of understanding the artistic production in relation to Mozambiques political history, this thesis elicited, among other aspects, the meanings of this production under different political and social contexts and the role of the makonde population in the countrys independence process. The research has looked into written registers consisting in documents and publications from the colonial period as well as into oral accounts, formed especially by interviews with sculptors who participated in the artistic and political spheres from the colonial period.

Orientador: Matteo Bonfitto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lopes_MarianaCondeRhormens_M.pdf: 23461527 bytes, checksum: 76e096e224a07e0a66981d51c2e10bcf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O Mapiko é manifestação cultural do povo Maconde, originário da província de Cabo Delgado, norte de Moçambique. Mapiko é o nome dado à manifestação cultural tradicional e à máscara utilizada por ela. Tal manifestação mistura música, dança e cena. Rodeado de mistérios e segredos; ao som de batuques e cantos tradicionais, o mascarado realiza sua dança. A manifestação, tendo como base o imaginário do povo Maconde, apropria-se do mundo espiritual e cria a convicção da existência de ligação lógica entre o dançarino mascarado e as suas crenças. O Mapiko possibilita, através da arte, a representação dos diferentes modos de estar na vida espiritual, usando a força da sua história e do seu cotidiano, transmitindo em cada dança as suas convicções. Este trabalho aborda aspectos do Mapiko tais como sua origem, tradição, cantos, batuques, máscaras e especificidades da dança realizada pelo mascarado. A pesquisa também reflete sobre questões acerca dos segredos, mistérios e limites da pesquisa acadêmica sobre tal tradição. A tese inicia-se com a descrição do trabalho de campo realizado em Moçambique em 2014 e explora as descobertas e dificuldades encontradas. O trabalho propõe, portanto, ao leitor, um mergulho no universo do Mapiko, passeando entre mistérios, cores, aromas, imagens e sabores do povo Maconde. A tese é acompanhada por um DVD que contém um documentário sobre o Mapiko e o processo de aprendizagem vivenciado pela atriz-pesquisadora em Moçambique / Abstract: Mapiko is a cultural expression of Maconde¿s people original from Cabo Delgado¿s province on the north of Mozambique. Mapiko is the traditional cultural expression and the mask used on it. This expression brings together music, dance and scene. Surrounded by mystery and secrecy; to the sound of drums and traditional song, the masquerade holds his dance. The expression has its base on the imaginary of Maconde¿s people who appropriates the spiritual world, creating the belief of the existence of a logical link between the masquerade dancer and his beliefs. Trough art, Mapiko makes possible the representation of different ways of being in the spiritual life. It uses the power of its stories and its everyday aspects conveying in each dance its beliefs. The present work addresses the aspects of Mapiko such as its origins, tradition, songs, drumming, masks and particularities in the dance performed by the masquerade. The research also reflects on issues about the secrets, mystery and limits of the academic research about the theme. The dissertation begins with the description of the fieldwork in 2014 in Mozambique and explores its discoveries and difficulties. The work propose the reader to dive into Mapiko¿s universe, along with its mysteries, colours, aromas, images and flavours of Maconde¿s people. A DVD accompanies the dissertation which contains a documentary about Mapiko and the learning process experienced by the actress-researcher in Mozambique / Mestrado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Mestra em Artes Visuais

LLM / Department of Public Law / The defining moment of Zimbabwean constitutional reform came in 2008 after the disputed and violence riddled elections of 2008 when the three main political parties entered into a transitional Government of National Unity and were tasked with the establishment of a new constitution which was ultimately adopted in 2013 following a protracted and turbulent process which began in 2009. Some segments of the civil society however argued that the concerned political parties had ‘captured the constitutional project and narrowed it to a short-term struggle motivated by the pursuit of party political interests at the expense of the will of the people and nation’s broad long-term interests’, and thereby subverted and/or negated the aspirations of the people. It is against this background that the study therefore assesses the participation, role and significance of the rural populace in the drafting of the 2013 Zimbabwean Constitution. The study traces the history of constitutional reform efforts in Zimbabwe, beginning with the colonial Lancaster House Constitution of 1979, to the protracted exercise of 2009 to 2013 which gave birth to the current Constitution. It focuses on the 2009-13 constitution making process as a case study. The study employs an interdisciplinary approach by adopting both doctrinal and empirical research approaches. The study employed the doctrinal research approach to provide for a doctrinal analysis of the relevant global, regional and domestic legislation and case law. The empirical research approach, through interviews, was used to collect qualitative data from the general members of the rural populace and key institutions such as political parties and human rights organisations from three selected rural districts, namely Bulilima, Makonde and Mutasa. The study indicated that while a significant number of the rural populace participated in the constitution making process, the legal environment which subsisted during the constitution making process did not allow for the unfettered flow of information and ideas, as a direct result of repressive legislation such as AIPPA, Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act, Interception of Communications Act and POSA, among others similar laws, and as well as the deeply polarised political environment owing to the nature of the relationship between the ZANU PF-led government and the opposition political parties. The study further showed that the process was heavily dominated by the political parties to the Global Political Agreement and all the political parties wanted to ensure the adoption of a constitution that best reflected their preferences and partisan views rather than the will of the masses, making the 2013 Constitution an elitist negotiated document, contrary to the provisions of Article VI of the GPA which provided for the right of Zimbabweans to make a constitution for themselves and by themselves.

A research report presented to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Arts, February 2013 / Mapiko is a dance that is practiced in northern Mozambique. This dance is usually associated with the rites of passage from youth to adulthood. Over time Mapiko has undergone several mutations according to the social, cultural and economic changes in the community. The adaptation described in this paper came out of many years of theatrical practice and research into the traditional values of Mozambique. The aim was o produce a theatre experience which has cultural elements that could be recognized by Mozambicans and which would link them to modern, contemporary and perhaps post-modern theatre techniques. the resulting play made use of elements of Mapiko dance, playback theatre and the text "We killed Mangy-Dog" written by Luis Bernardo Honwana. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]