This thesis seeks to study in depth the influence of Imam al-Juwayni on Imam al-Ghazali's discussion of theology and whether or not the latter's ideas are properly derived from the former. The first chapter deals with an analysis of the life of both the Imams against the background of the religious milieu of their time. The second chapter discuss the views of the two Imams on Ilm al-Kalam. The third chapter attempts to compare and contrast Imam al-Juwayni's and Imam al- Ghazali's approach to the doctrine of the origin of the world and the existence of God. In the fourth chapter we assess the views of the two Imams on the problem of the attributes of God. The fifth chapter deals with the question of human actions and free will. The final chapter present their views on prophethood and messengership. While many Islamic scholars have a vague notion that Imam al-Ghazali's ideas on theology depend heavily upon Imam al-Juwayni, this thesis attempts to prove that Imam al-Ghazali's theological position and views have been greatly influenced by his teacher, Imam al-Juwayni. This work sets out to show this in detail.

Computer aided diagnostic tool can aid the radiologist in the early detection of breast cancer. Even though mammography is considered to be the gold standard for breast cancer detection, it is limited by the spatial superposition of tissue. This limitation is the result of a using a two dimensional, (2D), representation of a three dimensional, (3D), structure. The limitation contributes to and results in misclassification of breast cancers. Tomosynthesis is a limited-angle 3D imaging device that overcomes this limitation by representing the breast structure with 3D volumetric data.This research, on tomosynthesis imaging, was a critical module of a larger research endeavor for the detection of breast cancer. Tomosynthesis is an emerging state-of-the-art 3D imaging technology. The purpose of this research was to develop a tomosynthesis based, efficient suspicious region segmentation, procedure for the breast to enhance the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. The 3D breast volume is constructed to visualize the 3D structure of the breast region. Advanced image processing and analysis algorithms were developed to remove out-of-plane artifacts and increase the Signal Difference to Noise Ratio, (SDNR), of tomosynthetic images. Suspicious regions are extracted from the breast volume using efficient and robust clustering algorithms.A partial differential equation based non-linear diffusion method was modified to include the anisotropic nature of tomosynthesis data in order to filter out the out-of-plane artifacts, which are termed "tomosynthetic noise", and to smooth the in-plane noise. Fuzzy clustering algorithms were modified to include spatial domain information to segment suspicious regions. A significant improvement was observed, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in segmentation of the filtered data over the non-filtered data. The 3D segmentation system is robust enough to be used for statistical analysis of huge databases.

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From its inception in the twelfth century to its current use as a text, Ibn Tufayl's Hayy ibn Yaqzan has a sustained history of translation and transmission. A unique aspect is its early translation into Hebrew around the first quarter of the fourteenth century, whose extensive manuscripts have been traced and established in this study. The Hebrew translation, and its commentary by Moses Narboni, shift the Tufaylian narrative from the Maghribi milieu toward Latin Averroism. They allow us to examine the particular reception in the Judaic milieu and suggest new perceptions of Ibn Rushd and Ibn Tufayl as rational mystics. / The extensive printed translations in Europe that begin with the Latin Philosophus Autodidactus (1671) reflect different facets on Individuality, the Natural Man and Inner Revelation as accessible to and sought by the natural theologies of the 17th-18th centuries. The concurrent translations also reflect the differences in their reception by the translators. Through the process of transmission, the notion of self-sufficiency becomes epitomized in the paradigm of "Robinson Crusoe." / In its own milieu, the narrative is conceived as an answer to Ibn Sina's 'secret of eastern philosophy' and is expressed as a rational-mystic response from the Maghribi context. The narrative finds its anti-thesis in Ibn al-Nafis' reiteration, that applies the structure and content of the Tufaylian narrative to reverse its philosophical precepts and establish a normative frame of revelation. Its recent reclamation in modern Arabic literature as the proto-type of Robinson Crusoe is indicative of post-Colonial validation. / The different receptions of the narrative within each of the three milieux have inspired the application of new methodologies in literary criticism. Using the literary theories of reception and cultural paradigm in Hans Jauss and Edward Said, I further discuss the process of translation, transmission and reception of the narrative. Each milieu in a particular time-frame receives the text within certain sets of expectation and accordingly responds to it. This approach raises vital questions on both structural analyses that study an aesthetic work outside its history, and historical analyses that focus on the "unchanged loyalty" of its sources. The methodology developed in this study can be applied to central issues in Islamic thought, from the predilection toward its Greek sources to its dismissal of Averroism. It also allows for the appreciation of the integrai notion of rational mysticism. The notion of reception validates, resolves and values the different reiterations by recognizing their diverse contexts.

The conception of the unity of God in al-Juwayni, one of the latest thinkers in the early Islamic kalam, is the subject of this thesis. Al-Juwayni, though an Ash'arite thinker was quite often open to Mu'tazilite thought, particularly that of Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i. He was also influenced by the philosophers. / With al-Juwayni the kalam's theory of the unity of God reached its ultimate resolution. That is to say, the theory of the unity of God was based on specific epistemological grounds, in the early period of the kalam. It had assumed its shape, and was therefore open to the possibility for establishing a new approach to the unity of God in the ontological sense. / The first chapter deals with the long historical debate about the unity of God. It introduces many aspects of al-Juwayni's thought, and touches on how al-Juwayni proceeding from an Ash'arite background adopted many of the Mu'tazilite's themes, in its Basrian branch. / The second chapter analyzes the theory of al-Juwayni on these issues and shows his contribution to the notion of the unity of God in his book al-Irshad. / The third is a conclusion which throws light on the possibilities opened by al-Juwayni to approaching the unity of God from different ontological angles. Such possibilities had, infact, emerged in al-Juwaynis thinking when he began to use different concepts, particularly in his book al-'Aqidah al-Nizamiyah. Thus after he provided in al-Irshad that God is existence itself, he generally avoided using the terms atoms and accidents. Instead, he viewed the universe as two kinds, necessary Being and possible beings. In this context the attributes of God as aspects of His essence would play a different ontological role, comprehended in the term al-takhsid s.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, November, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-185).

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Exeter univ., 1998. / Bibliogr. p.369-377.

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