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Avalia??o da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em pl?ntulas de maracujazeiro e mamoeiro. / Evaluation of aluminum tolerance in seedlings of Passion fruit and Carica papaya.Silva, Aldir Carlos 06 March 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Aluminum tolerance studies in seedlings of Passion fruit (cvs. IAC-273/277, IACPaulista,
IAC-275, FB-100) and Carica papaya (cvs.Taiung, Golden, Gran Golden,
Baixinho de Santa Amalia) were performed in a growth chamber at the Laboratories of
Chemistry of the Rhizosphere and Seeds of the Department of Fitotecnia, of University
Federal Rural of Rio Janeiro, Institute of Agronomy. Experiments with different
concentrations of Al were conducted in nutrient solution simple (with Ca) and complete,
with the aims to analyze the tap root length, ratio of root lengths, relative root
elongation, diameter of root and stem and effect of stains. Also were conducted
experiments with seeds soaked in different concentration of Al to verify the percentage
of germination, seedlings normal and abnormal. The use of simple nutrient solution was
not satisfactory to shown the performance of seedlings of papaya. In passion fruit both
nutrient solutions can be used in short term experiment. Over the concentration of
160?M of Al occurred effect of toxicity in root of seedlings of passion fruit and papaya,
but at concentrations lower that 80?M there were stimulus of growth. The tap root
length was the more efficient parameter to compare root toxicity. The soaking of seeds
in the solution of aluminum did not affect the germination, root tap emission and the
growth of seedlings until 1280?M. With the increased of time of contact with the Al
solution, the young roots have been injured especially in papaya seedlings. The use of
stains pyrocatechol violet and hematoxylin were both efficient to determinate the
aluminum tolerance in papaya and passion fruit, but just pyrocatechol violet could
compare the doses used, produced a color gradient with increasing concentration of
aluminum. With the use of hematoxylin was only possible to separate the high
concentrations of low concentrations of aluminum. The best passion fruit cultivar was
IAC 273/277and papaya was Tainung / Os estudos da toler?ncia ao alum?nio em pl?ntulas de maracuj? (cvs. IAC-273/277, IACPaulista,
IAC-275, FB-100) e mam?o (cvs.Tainug, Golden, Gran Golden, Baixinho de
Santa Am?lia) foram realizados, em c?mara de crescimento nos Laborat?rios de
Qu?mica da Rizosfera e Laborat?rio de Analise de Sementes, Departamento de
Fitotecnia, Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural Rio de Janeiro.
Foram realizados experimentos com diferentes concentra??es de alum?nio em solu??o
nutritiva simples (com c?lcio) e completa, para analise do crescimento radicular
utilizando os par?metros comprimento radicular, taxa de crescimento radicular,
elonga??o radicular relativa, di?metro do colo, di?metro de ?pice da raiz principal bem
como testes com corantes. Foi tamb?m realizado estudos do efeito da embebi??o das
sementes com solu??es de alum?nio para verificar o efeito na porcentagem de
germina??o, pl?ntulas normais e anormais, e n?o germinadas. O uso da solu??o nutritiva
simples para realizar testes de curta dura??o de contacto ao alum?nio, n?o foi satisfat?rio
para mam?o, sendo mais adequado o uso de solu??o nutritiva completa. Em maracuj?,
ambas as solu??es podem ser utilizadas. As pl?ntulas de maracuj? crescidas em solu??o
simples com o aumento do tempo de contacto com alum?nio na solu??o, as ra?zes
ficaram endurecidas. Em concentra??es acima de 160?M de alum?nio, ocorreu efeito
fitotoxico, contudo em concentra??es menores que 80?M ocorreu at? aumento do
crescimento radicular para mam?o e maracuj?. O comprimento radicular foi o mais
eficiente par?metro indicador da toler?ncia ao alum?nio. A embebi??o das sementes em
alum?nio n?o afetou a germina??o a emiss?o da raiz principal e o crescimento da
pl?ntula at? a concentra??o da solu??o de embebi??o de 1280?M, mas a medida que
aumentou o tempo de contato e a concentra??o de alum?nio, as ra?zes rec?m emitidas
sofreram danos, principalmente as de pl?ntulas de mam?o. O uso dos corantes qu?micos
violeta de pirocatecol e hematoxilina foram eficiente na determina??o da toler?ncia ao
alum?nio em maracuj? e mam?o, mais somente o violeta de pirocatecol permitiu
comparar as doses entre si, gerando um gradiente de colora??o com o aumento da
concentra??o de alum?nio, com o uso da hematoxilina s? foi poss?vel separar as
concentra??es altas das concentra??es baixas de alum?nio. As melhores cultivares nas
condi??es testadas foi a IAC 273/277 de maracuj? e a cv Tainung de mam?o
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S?ntese de novas fosforilidrazonas heteroc?clicas para controle de pat?genos p?s-colheita de mam?o (Carica papaya L.). / Synthesis of new Heterocyclic phosphorylhydrazones to control Post-Harvest pathogens in papaya (Carica papaya L.).Barboza, Henriqueta Talita Guimar?es 04 March 2010 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-04 / Twelve heterocyclic dialkylphosphorylhydrazones compounds were synthesized in
this work. Dialkylphosphorylhydrazones were obtained through 3 steps of reaction. The first
step consists on the synthesis of different dialkylphosphonates obtained by reaction of triethyl
phosphate (PCl3) with 3 mols of the corresponding alcohol. The second step occurs by the
reaction with dialkylphosphonates synthesized and hydrazine, producing
dialkylphosphorylhydrazines. The third and last step is the condensation reaction of these
dialkylphosphorylhydrazines with different heterocycle substituted aromatic aldehydes.
The analysis of the 1H NMR spectra allowed to observe the stereoisomers E and Z,
with the formation of E diastereisomer preferencially. All the compounds were characterized
by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. Tests in vitro with, Alternaria sp.,
Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp. e Fusarium solani, known as patogenic in papaya (Carica
papaya L.) were performed in order to confirm if the compounds showed fungicide activity.
The substance 6 B was the one with the best performance in the inhibition of all fungal
growths. Finally, tests with acetylcholinesterase enzyme indicated that all substances did not
inhibit this enzyme.
Figure 2 - General structures of dialkylphosphoryhidrazones synthesized.
R ? Ethyl; propyl; isopropyl e isobuthyl.
X = O, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = S, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = NH, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = NH, Y= CH, Z=CH e W = N;
X = CH, Y= N, Z=CH e W = N; / Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas doze (12) novas dialquilfosforilidrazonas
heteroc?clicas. Esses compostos foram obtidos utilizando-se tr?s etapas de rea??o. A primeira
etapa consiste na s?ntese de diferentes fosfonatos de dialquila, obtidos por meio da rea??o do
tricloreto de f?sforo (PCl3) com tr?s mols do ?lcool correspondente. A segunda etapa ocorre
por meio da rea??o dos fosfonatos de dialquila sintetizados com a hidrazina, formando as
dialquilfosforilidrazinas. A terceira e ?ltima etapa ? a condensa??o destas
dialquilfosforilidrazinas com diferentes alde?dos heteroc?clicos. A an?lise dos espectros de
RMN-1H indica a forma??o de diastereois?meros, E e Z, com predomin?ncia do
diastereis?meros E.
Todos os compostos obtidos foram caracterizados por RMN de H1 e C13 e P31, IV,
an?lises de massas. Em seguida foram realizados testes in vitro para verificar se os mesmos
possuem atividade fungicida sobre os fungos Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp.
e Fusarium solani, conhecidos por serem pat?genos da cultura de mam?o (Carica papaya L.).
O composto 6 B foi o que apresentou o melhor efeito fungicida sobre o crescimento de
todos os fungos.
Finalmente foram realizados testes com a enzima acetilcolinesterase a fim de observar
a toxicidade dos compostos sintetizados frente a esta enzima.
Figura 1- Estrututa gen?rica das dialquilfosforilidrazonas heteroc?clicas sintetizadas.
R ? Etil; propil; isopropil e isobutil.
X = O, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = S, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = NH, Y, Z e W = CH;
X = NH, Y= CH, Z=CH e W = N;
X = CH, Y= N, Z=CH e W = N.
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