University, Diss., 2004--Kassel. / Download lizenzpflichtig.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1984. / Bibliography: leaves [224]-233. / Microfiche. / xviii, 233 leaves, bound ill., maps 29 cm

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A new method for encapsulating low-molecular weight, water-soluble substances in lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) for delivery to marine bivalves was developed, characterized, and tested. LWMs produced by a spray technique (spray microcapsules, SMs) were demonstrated to encapsulate both aqueous (polymeric dye or oxytetracycline hydrochloride) and particulate (riboflavin) core materials within a capsule wall composed of triacylglycerides. Core materials were most effectively delivered in a capsule wall composed of tripalmitin. Addition of lower melting point lipids to soften the capsule wall significantly reduced (up to a nine-fold reduction) delivery of aqueous core materials, but did not significantly affect particulate riboflavin delivery. The composition of the capsule wall was demonstrated to affect the digestibility of LWMs. Addition of 40% w/w fish oil to the tripalmitin wall was required for Manila clam spat (Tapes philippinarum) enzymatically digest LWMs (convert triaclyglycerides to free fatty acids). Delivery of aqueous and particulate core materials by microcapsules was assessed by feeding clams LWMs containing an aqueous core of polymeric dye or a particulate core of oxytetracycline hemicalcium salt (OTC.HEM). The physical appearance and absence of core material in capsules observed in clam fecal strands suggested release and delivery of core materials in the clam's digestive system. Optimal methods for encapsulating and storing oxytetracycline were assessed. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride was most efficiently encapsulated (3.2 mg core/ 100 mg lipid) and retained (30%) as an aqueous core in LWMs produced by a double-emulsion process (double-emulsion microcapsules, DEMs). OTC.HEM was most efficiently encapsulated (7.4 mg core/l00 mg lipid) and retained (66% of initial encapsulated core material remained after 24 hours suspension in seawater) as a particulate in SMs. SMs containing OTC.HEM were most stable in storage, retaining 86% of their core after 5 weeks of storage as a wet paste. Freeze-drying of SMs containing particulate OTC.HEM increased initial leakage losses of core material, but did not the affect the stability of capsules during long-term storage. Freeze-drying of DEMs containing aqueous OTC.HCl also increased initial leakage loses of core material, but improved the stability of DEMs during long-term storage. / Graduation date: 1995

A crucial factor to enable low-income families to participate in the gradual development of their homes is to find a link between their building activities and those of the large-scale building sector. Amidst technological development and increasing demand for housing, the large-scale sector, such as government and private groups, resorted to industrialised housing to replace traditional and conventional building materials and methods. Industrialisation, however, resulted not only in expensive and inappropriate dwellings but also eliminated homeowners from the building process and management of their homes. To bring back the homeowners in the building process, the shift was towards the production of small components and partial prefabrication. / Following the same thrust, there have been numerous innovative building systems for housing developed in the Philippines in the last two decades. Private entrepreneurs develop these building systems either promoting locally invented systems or adapting imported versions. Seeing their potentials, government and private groups are trying to employ them in housing. Despite the growing number of the innovative building systems and the interest to use them, their integration in low-income housing is still limited. / Focusing on Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines, the thesis aims to develop a selection model for the effective integration of innovative building systems in low-income housing. The process of integration is not simply using the building systems for mass production of houses but also enabling homeowners to utilise, maintain and sustain them. The proposed model involves sets of selection parameters essential at each stage of the housing delivery based on the homeowners' progressive building process and their criteria for choosing building materials for their homes. To facilitate progressive building and enhance the homeowners' initiative to build, the model also includes design strategies when employing new building systems and suggests the necessary channels to ensure the availability of the building systems, technical assistance and information.

This thesis consists of a contextual study and critical transcription of five Lamentation settings by the Spanish composer Manuel José Doyagüe (1755–1842), the sources for which were recently found in a unique bound collection of music manuscripts from the University of Santo Tomás, Manila, the Philippines. With the disappearance of most musical sources dating from the Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines (1565-1898), due to the complete destruction of the walled city centre Intramuros in 1945, the rediscovery of this bound collection entitled “Partituras” is significant, as it indicates the type of repertoire that was possibly known and performed in nineteenth-century Intramuros. The largest group of works by any one composer is five Lamentation settings by Doyagüe, which take up almost a third of the volume. The scores for these works restore incomplete copies held in Spain, and attribute to Doyagüe two settings which were previously unknown. The introduction includes a discussion of the historical and cultural context and the circumstances of the re-discovery in the Philippines. Part I examines the history of the musical activity of the Dominican Order in the Philippines, and considers the possible means of transmission of the manuscripts from Spain to Manila. Part II examines the Lamentations genre and includes a biographical study of the composer Manuel José Doyagüe. Part III is made up of a source study of the manuscripts and a critical edition of the five works, while areas for future research are indicated in the conclusion.

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This paper interrogates the nature of loyalty and disloyalty to Spain in the Philippines during the British occupation of Manila in 1762-1764. It examines the identity and motivations of the thousands of soldiers who joined Simón de Anda’s army that mobilized against the British invaders, as well the Indigenous people who rose up in rebellion in the provinces to the north of Manila during this period, in order to preserve Spanish colonial rule. It also considers the nature of infidelity to Spain in the occupied Philippines. This paper argues that, in a large part due to the cohesiveness of Catholicism among converted Indians, the Spanish empire in the Philippines proved remarkably resilient under the pressure of invasion and occupation. The Black Legend blinded the British to the complexities of the real balance of power in in Manila and the Philippines during the Seven Years War. / text

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-191).