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Sturgeons belong to one of the oldest families of bony fish in existence, having their first appearance in the fossil records approximately 200 million years ago. Their natural habitats are found in the subtropical, temperate and sub-Arctic rivers, lakes and coastlines of Eurasia and North America. In the Romanian waters, five anadromous species of sturgeon, out of the total 25 species known by science, once migrated from the Black Sea into the Danube for spawning: beluga; Huso huso, Russian sturgeon; Acipenser gueldenstaedtii, stellate sturgeon; A. stellatus, ship sturgeon; A. nudiventris and the European Atlantic sturgeon; A. sturio (Knight, 2009). The NW Black Sea and Lower Danube River sturgeons, like many Acipenserids, were seriously affected by the rapid changes brought by human development. Being one of the finest caviar producers in the world they were intensively harvested for many centuries. Heavy uncontrolled fishing and destruction of habitat led to the collapse of most of the Acipenserids and the total disappearance of the European Atlantic sturgeon (A. sturio) from the NW Black Sea. Public attention was focused world wide on sturgeons after their listing in the IUCN Red List of Threatened species in 1996. In 1998, after evaluating their abundance in the wild, CITES also decided to strictly regulate the international trade in all Acipenserids. The paper aims to analyze and review conservation measures that were taken locally, nationally and internationally by humans and the effect they had on one of Europe’s only naturally reproducing sturgeon populations.

The financial crises and global change have caused setbacks to the improvements in many undeveloped countries. To be able to achieve the ‘Millennium developmental goals’ within 2015, it will require a higher effort. Sub-Saharan African countries show the slowest economic growth and have experienced the highest setbacks. Malawi is one of these countries and is struggling with a high share of poverty and poverty related issues. Trade is believed to be the most prominent tool to fight world poverty, as it will provide economic growth and employment. Cichlid fishes from Lake Malawi are popular ornamentals for hobby aquarist’s world wide, representing yearly turnover of 340 million US dollars. It is suggested that ornamental Malawi cichlids can be developed into an industry benefiting country and the local poor people. This can be achieved without pressure upon the lake biodiversity if the wild-collected fishes are used for breeding purpose and not for export. To be able to deliver a high quality fish, it will be necessary to establish proper handling strategies that will ensure fish health and welfare. Stress from handling procedures is known to have negative impact on fish growth, reproduction, immune function and survival. Anesthetics may be a useful tool during handling procedures of the fish, as it can reduce the perception of the stressor and thus prevent activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. In this study the three commercial anesthetics; MS-222, Benzoak® and Aqui-S™ were evaluated for; (1) anesthetic efficacy, (2) safety margin, (3) prolonged exposure and (4) stress-reducing capacity on the Malawi cichlid, red zebra (Metriaclima estherae). The overall results show that concentration of 150 mg/L MS-222, 120 mg/L Benzoak® and 50 mg/L Aqui-S™ gave satisfying introduction and recovery time for anesthesia. Both MS-222 and Aqui-S™ gave high safety margins as no fish mortality was recorded after anesthetic exposure for 30 minutes. Benzoak® gave a lower safety margin as there was recorded 50 % mortality following 10 minutes exposure. High mortality rate and sign of insufficient blockage upon the red zebra fish, suggested that prolonged exposure to the tested sedative dosages did not benefit the fish. MS-222 exposure reduced the stress response while Benzoak® and Aqui-S™ seemed to self-induce an increase in plasma cortisol concentration after anesthetic exposure. In conclusion; for short-term treatment on red zebra fish, a concentration of 150 mg/L MS-222 is recommended.

It has been Taiwan's vision for being an "Ocean Country ", because of the richness and biodiversity of its marine environment. In recent years, the rapid growth in Taiwan¡¦s ocean sector has resulted in a great concern on the degradation and loss of marine resources and habitats, and threatening of coral reefs and endangered species in the marine environment. There is a need to proactively conserve and protect marine ecosystem functions, species, and habitats for future sustainable. For achieving sustainability in the use of marine resources, the approach of marine protected areas (MPAs), similar to Canadian MPA embodied in the Oceans Act, must be implemented to oceans management for the protection of marine environment from land-based activity. This study presents: (1) the planning strategy, site selection and evaluation, community-based policy, and many other factors involved in the establishment of Canadian MPA under the Oceans Act; (2) Development of a management plan for MPA site and the consolidation of the responsibilities of federal, provincial, municipality, community and non government organizations on the establishment and management of the Canadian AOI (Area of Interest) site; (3) the proposed framework for establishing and managing marine protected areas in Taiwan; (4) Assessment and Evaluation of the present sanctuary protected areas that are mostly limited to the local coastal municipalities of Taiwan, i.e., Chinwan Inner Bay of Penghu, Tungsha (Pratas) Island of Kaohsiung. Canada is one of the world leading and experienced countries on the implementation of MPA. In 1997 with the passage of the Canadian Oceans Act, they have established an integrated management procedure, guidelines, and framework in the protection of marine ecosystem. Canada consists of Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with the largest continental shelf in the world, and its history has been defined by its surrounding marine environment. The richness and biodiversity of Canada¡¦s oceans provide enormous potential for both present and future generations. Canadian¡¦s MPA approaches on seabed vent, offshore MPA sites, coral protection, protection of endangered or threaten marine species provide valuable and useful example for Taiwan¡¦s MPA planning and framework, especially the involvement of communities to participate, recommend and manage the MPA site.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina Wilmington, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (February 17, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-44)

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126).

The coast of Bangladesh, comprising the complex delta of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system has immense resources for development. In the concept of present development efforts, this zone is among the most neglected in Bangladesh. It is very often affected by natural calamities and the situation is further aggravated by some man-made hazards, which cause heavy casualties in human lives, cattle, in reducing the size of the coastal areas and in severe damage of properties worth billions of dollars. This thesis envisages looking into the particular issue of non-farm employment. This is more important in an economy in which the land-person ratio is continuously on the decrease and dissemination of intensive crop culture has limitations. This study is exploratory in nature and uses both quantitative and qualitative methods, employing survey interviews for 80 households, 20 key informant interviews and a case study on an organization in order to assess the dynamics and prospects of non-farm employment in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. Findings of the study indicate that practically all of the non-farm field of the entire coastal belt is not yet a government priority. As such, there is need for some persuasive work in formulating some policies to develop sustainable harvests from the abundant maritime resources of the area. This will create provision for non-farm employment as well as producing a vast quantity of exportable commodities for the national well-being. It is expected that it will benefit the people of the area in particular and the entire country in general.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1986. / Bibliography: leaves 420-439. / Photocopy. / xvi, 439 leaves, bound 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 375-381).

Thesis (M.S.) in Marine Policy--University of Maine, 2002. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-114).