The thesis describes economical and political situation in the foreign markets that are significant to Ukrainian steel producers. As an example of Ukranian steel maker I have introduced the enterprise JSC "Zaporizhstal" which is a steel giant of Ukraine. Th thesis desribes the plant, its development, its competitive advantages, its product portfolio and the quality of metal products produced. The paper also discusses some of the main problems of Ukrainian steel makers and the suggestions for further improvements. In the main part the thesis analyses the export markets of "Zaporizhstal" such countries as Russia, China and Turkey. It discusses the development of their steel-consuming industries such as machinery industry, and construction sector and shows all the benefits and risks that are associated with the export to those markets.

This paper analyzes cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. Firstly, we introduced the main features of cryptocurrencies and summarized the brief history. We found out that price of the most famous cryptocurrency Bitcoin follows the hypothesis of efficient markets and it immediately react on publicly announce information. Furthermore, Bitcoin can be seen as standard economic good that is priced by interaction of supply and demand on the market. These factors can be driven by macro financial development or by speculative investors, but there weren't found any significant impact of these factors on price of Bitcoin. CAPM shows the high risk of cryptocurrencies, but it could be still good instrument for diversification.

The outcome of this research paper provides guiding principles to policymakers in emerging markets at a specific policy level in an effort to stimulate entrepreneurial growth and, in turn, increased economic growth. Seven hypotheses relating to either starting a business or the ease of continuing to do business were assessed. The study was completed using a sample of seven emerging markets including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, India, Russia and South Africa. Data was sourced from the World Bank and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Two multiple regression models were produced to compare the BRICS markets sample to the total sample. It showed that the complexity and time to start a business were not significant to the total sample but were influential within the BRICS countries. Similarly, complexity and time to enforce a contract was proven significant to the BRICS markets but not within the total sample. The total tax rate and the number of tax payments were influential in both models, whilst the time to prepare and pay taxes was significant only within the total sample. The cost to start to start a business did not prove to be significant in either case. Several practical recommendations have been provided to leverage these findings. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Diploma thesis deals with analysis of investment posibilities in the Czech Republic. It is focused on Czech stock market and Czech bond market. The aim of this thesis is to make an appropriate choise for financial investment of the enterprise with regard to its investment strategy and present economic situation, paying regard to circumstances that currently exist on financial market.

This ethnography shows how certain aspects of the Pretoria Boeremark can be seen to have symbolic resonances with contemporary South African society. Reflecting both economic and cultural practices since 1994, as well as the ways in which it can be construed as being paradigmatic of Afrikaans whiteness in the post-Apartheid era, and how dissonance within this dominant whiteness can be created in the neo-liberal nature of South African society. Markets are amongst the most ancient forms of commercial exchange as well as, in South Africa today, being at the forefront of a globalised cosmopolitanism. The Pretoria Boeremark straddles this divide, being both a source of household provisioning and a ‘modish’ place to sample culture through food. An exploration of the Boeremark’s history, its location in the changing Pretoria suburb of Silverton and its adoption of “free-market” principles lays the foundation for a descriptive ethnography of the market. This ethnography, constructed from participant observation and interviews with vendors and customers, explores the ways in which commercial and non-commercial exchanges at the market lead to what Carsten’s calls “practices of relatedness” and how these practices serve to construct the market as a, nominally, Afrikaans cultural phenomenon. All these explorations come together to illustrate the Boeremark, based on the entanglement of economic, social and cultural aspects of the market, as a possible microcosm of South African economic and cultural practices. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Anthropology and Archaeology / MA / Unrestricted

This research seeks to provide a more concise understanding of multinational Greenfield strategies in emerging markets. A lot has been written pertaining to their conduct in established markets and this has proven inadequate as far as application to emerging markets is concerned. Scholars have developed theories on how multinationals operate but how practical are they on the ground?A two case study approach was seen as the most effective way to grasp the complexities involved in managing multinational firms in emerging markets. The scope was limited to sub Saharan Africa with two retail giants Shoprite and Game being the subject of scrutiny. Literature was developed on the basis of results of previous research and enhanced by in-depth interviews with top retail managers directly involved in the expansion process. Similarities and contrasts between the two firms’ strategies where examined with the aim of acquiring insights on retail Greenfield investments in emerging markets.The findings revealed that in emerging markets successful MNEs are the ones that target customers at the bottom of the pyramid whilst internalising risk and constraints within the context of institutional voids. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

There are commercial imperatives for companies to consider low-income markets for expansion. This research study investigated how firms, who traditionally focused on the upper- and middle-income markets, were adapting to operating in dual markets, an ability termed ‘ambidexterity’. While there is abundant research available on ambidexterity, this construct has not been studied in the context of the low-income market.The primary aim of this study was to explore the tensions that existed for firms exploring the low-income market and how firms went about resolving these tensions. A deductive research approach was followed and 23 managers, representing 14 companies across eight commercial sectors, were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and qualitative research methodology. The data was analysed using content, thematic and narrative analysis techniques.A central finding of this research study was that companies needed committed leaders to help resolve tensions for the firm and create the balance between exploring low-income markets and exploiting the traditional markets. Change management was found to be a critical integration technique to help resolve tensions between the “explore” and “exploit” business units.The outcome of this research adds to the theory base of both low-income markets and ambidexterity. It also provides a decision-making framework for firms who are considering the organisational requirements for the exploration of low-income markets. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

This dissertation investigates the limitations on the emergence of the Angolan stock market. It also examines the strategies developed by sub-Saharan African stock exchanges when facing similar issues. It uses information obtained from participants to recommend actions to be taken by the Angolan government and institutions related to capital markets. The analysis shows that some prerequisites must be prepared to establish any equity market and enhance the continued development of capital markets. Determinants of capital markets show that macroeconomic and institutional approaches are critical tools for stock market development. Results of this study tell us that stock markets do not follow a linear path. No such formula exists to apply to have the same results as other geographies because market characteristics are different. However, some conditions must be conceived to host the stock market. Additionally, the collaboration of the government, regulators, policymakers, and other stakeholders has been crucial for developing capital markets.

This report considers emerging market multinational enterprise (MNE) maturity paths, with particular reference to firms with a South African origin and the choice of location for the corporate headquarters. A generalised model describing the internationalisation of globalised Emerging Market multinational enterprises is developed, describing three possible trajectories. That is, headquarter relocation, acquisition by another MNE or remaining independent in the country of origin. It is argued that Emerging Markets have offered less location advantage than Developed Markets to multinational enterprise headquarters. Using factor data for 46 nations, significant evidence is found to support this argument. Further, two arguments are built on this conjecture: that Emerging Market multinational enterprises have relocated headquarters to Developed Markets, not to other Emerging Markets, and that firm behaviour was predicted by concentration of private shareholding, levels of state ownership and levels of foreign business interest. Using a firm level sample of 61 South African companies, some evidence was found to support these arguments in this specific context. The implications of the results are considered for policy makers as well as managers, and recommendations for further research are made. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Using a panel data set of 62 countries from 1995 through 2013, the effects of financial openness on changes in entrepreneurship rates in the economy are estimated for emerging and developed markets. Controlling for the effects of political risk in conjunction with capital controls, capital controls have a negative effect on entrepreneurialism in emerging market countries, but can have a positive effect on entrepreneurialism in developed markets. The imposition of financial controls have a greater effect in magnitude in developed markets than in emerging markets, indicating that development of the internal financial system plays a role in extenuating the effects of capital controls. The effect of the imposition of financial controls is not uniform across the various financial instruments. In particular, the imposition of capital controls on derivatives and real estate in developed markets is associated with a negative effect on entrepreneurialism, unlike for other financial instruments in developed markets. However, in emerging markets, the effects on entrepreneurialism of financial controls seems to be more uniform when controlling for the interaction of political risk and financial controls. In controlling for the effects of political risk on financial liberalization, the effects of financial controls between emerging markets and developed markets are not the same. In general, the imposition of financial controls in emerging markets is associated with a decline in entrepreneurialism, while the imposition of such controls in developed markets is associated with an increase in entrepreneurial activity.