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Masculinity, myth and male victimisation: a study exploring professional discourses on male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (M.A. (Diversity Studies))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Social Sciences, 2016 / IPV directed against male partners is a contentious and notorious topic within the study of domestic violence (Barkhuizen, 2010). Together with this it can be established from the research that even though there is a willingness amongst professionals to acknowledge males as victims of IPV there remains a lack of awareness both amongst professionals and society in general. Therefore, the issue of female-to-male IPV within the South African context is in need of extensive research. Accordingly, this research aims to fill the gap in the literature concerning male victimisation. Six key professionals- who work with domestic violence and have knowledge pertaining to the laws surrounding domestic violence- provided expert, educated opinions on the topic which were drawn from interviews that were transcribed and analysed with the use of thematic content analysis and critical discourse analysis. Key findings revealed the complexities of female-to-male IPV in South Africa. The research revealed that yes, South African law does make provision for male victims but the law is poorly implemented due to many intricacies. The most interesting results related to police perceptions of IPV (both female and male perpetrated). As such this study will bring about greater awareness of the issue and thus provide victims of female-to-male IPV the opportunity to report such incidents without fear of disbelief, reprisal or humiliation. In addition, this research will assist in addressing many of the academic debates and legal issues that surround this controversial aspect of abuse.
KEY WORDS: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), Domestic Violence, Male Victimisation, Female-to-male IPV, Professionals, Police, South Africa / GR2017
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"Indoda" in the dawn of the HIV/AIDS epidemic: a study of masculine ideals, behaviors and practices among black heterosexual men living with HIVMthombeni, Nomaswazi Mandisa January 2017 (has links)
A
thesis
submitted
to
the
Faculty
of
Humanities,
University
of
the
Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg,
in
fulfillment
of
the
requirements
for
Masters
degree
in
Sociology
March
2016 / Following
a
qualitative
approach
and
using
diaries
and
the
anthropological
tool
of
ethnography,
the
study
engaged
black
heterosexual
men
living
with
HIV
to
explore
and
describe
their
masculine
ideals,
values
and
behaviors
in
the
dawn
of
the
HIV
epidemic.
The
findings
revealed
that
the
fabric
that
made
“Indoda”
varied
and
changed
over
time
but
to
be
Indoda
,
a
man
had
to
have
one’s
own
family
and
consequently
be
the
head
of
the
family
“Intloko
yo
Muzi”.Indoda
was
also
detailed
as
someone
who
was
“iQhawe”,a
warrior
who
fought
many
battles
of
invulnerability
and
endured
hardships.
The
findings
suggested
that
although
participants
strove
to
attain
these
specifications,
they
were
also
restricted
and
burdened
by
them;
especially
those
who
were
under
varying
degrees
of
pressure
as
a
result
of
the
different
social,
economic
and
political
transitions
that
were
taking
place.
HIV
was
seen
as
a
threat
to
the
constructions
of
hegemonic
masculine
ideals
and
thus
exposed
a
budding
crisis
of
masculinity
that
men
in
this
context
were
confronted
with.
While
HIV
seemed
to
alter
ones
identity
for
some
of
the
participants,
other
participants
revealed
that
HIV
did
not
change
their
lives
in
anyway.
Among
these
participants,
multiple
relationships
with
‘roll
ons’;
secrets
and
low
condom
use
were
rife.
The
other
group
of
men
who
differentiated
themselves
from
those
who
were
HIV
negative
challenged
the
dominant
notions
of
masculinities
and
reconstructed
their
masculinities
in
more
positive
ways.
In
this
way,
these
men
inhabited
a
subjective
position
of
agency
by
taking
control
of
their
lives
and
accepting
and
driving
their
Z3.
The
study
concluded
that
masculine
norms
behaviors
and
values
are
fluid
and
it
is
through
continuously
engaging
in
critical
examination
of
the
discourses
that
construct
masculinity
that
new
constructions
of
what
it
means
to
be
a
man
can
emerge. / MT 2018
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“This is how real men do things you know.” Perpetrators perceptions of Intimate partner violence.Turton, Natasha January 2017 (has links)
A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Psychology) in the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, March 2017. / Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem affecting many women in South
Africa and worldwide. Due to the many consequences that victims of IPV experience, it
is increasingly seen as a public health concern. Despite interventions targeted at reducing
the rates of IPV, it still remains prevalent in South African communities. Research has
mainly explored IPV from the victims’ perspective and only in recent years has there been
a marked interest in perpetrators of IPV. This study explores an identified gap in
literature which examines the experiences and actions of male perpetrators of IPV.
In-depth interviews were conducted with five men who were a part of a perpetrator
reintegration programme at a Non-Governmental Organisation in Johannesburg. The data
was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis in an attempt to better
understand their reported individual experiences. The study found that there was little
consensus amongst perpetrators of IPV regarding the nature and causes of violence. IPV
is normalised by many perpetrators. It is embedded in a context of patriarchy which
emphasizes male dominance over the household, the finances and the women and children.
Men and women are socialized into the context of patriarchy. Through the research, it was
found that perpetrators view their actions as a response to something their partner
did wrong or did not do, thus the act is seen as justified, the use of blame and minimization
of the act were common responses when asked about experiences of IPV. Traditional
customs such as Lobola allowed men to believe that they owned their wives, and through
this had dominance and control over the relationship. This was viewed by participants as
a right to discipline and punish one’s partner. / XL2018
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The challenge of the black middle-class men in negotiating the elusive masculine identitiesNkosi, Thokozani Samuel January 2017 (has links)
Research Report: Masters in psychology - Coursework and research report
, 07 June 2017 / The study investigated the challenges that black middle class men experience in negotiating the masculine identities within the South African context. The adopted understanding was that of Connell in that there are many ways of being a man. The findings were that men are given a standard or expectations to live by but there are never guided on how to go about meeting them. This was portrayed by the interwoven themes and discourse that in some instances work against each other and render the black middle class men vulnerable in terms of identities. / MT2018
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The perceived impact of socio-cultural messages and practices around puberty, in constructions of masculinity and sexuality in young Xhosa male adults : implications for HIV/AIDS.Mkhize, Xoli Precious. January 2011 (has links)
This research explored the perceived impact of socio-cultural messages and practices around puberty, on constructions of masculinity and sexuality among Xhosa male university students aged between 18 and 24 years. This research explored how Xhosa men construct their masculinities and sexuality through identifying the key experiences and messages about manhood that they receive in puberty and by analyzing how their pubertal experiences and socio-cultural messages before and after circumcision influence the way they construct their masculinities. An understanding of how masculinities are constructed may be used to inform interventions around HIV prevention and help to understand what factors predisposes these males to high HIV related risk behaviours. This study used a qualitative research design. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews, and analyzed with reference to Parker’s approach to discourse analysis (Parker, 1992). The results show that socio-cultural inform how manhood is negotiated. The possibility of using traditional practices in fighting against HIV/AIDS is explored.
“Xhosa see the initiation- rite as a symbolic death, through pain and isolation from the community or society. This death brings forth new life and rebirth as a new being: a man who has outgrown everything related to his childhood. The new person is incorporated into society as a new responsible member contributing to its values and existence. After this process a person is expected to think and behave in a changed and constructive manner showing a transition from when he was a boy and all acts of antisocial acts were tolerated from him.”(Mayatula & Mavundla, 1997:p18). / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
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"Man, your penis is ashamed of you" : discursive constructions of young South African men's ideal masculine body-images.Plug, Simone Nikki. January 2013 (has links)
Socio-cultural constructions of the way in which individuals perceive their own bodies are a
fundamental aspect of personal identity, and how people view and pursue their relations with
others, and how they determine their position and role in society. Contemporary South
African consumer culture, facilitated by globalisation, has promoted increasingly
homogenous, unrealistic norms regarding what constitutes a “desirable” person. The aim of
this study is to explore young men’s accounts of ideal masculine body-image and discuss the
implications that these constructions have on their identities. It aims to provide an account of
the discourses participants use when discussing their own and other male bodies, explore the
ways in which consumerism and the media facilitate certain constructions of body-image
amongst young South African men and forefront particular practices, and to highlight the
social dynamics which facilitate emphasis on some discourses around the desirable ideal
male body and the silencing of others. This study uses a qualitative research design and a
social constructionist theoretical framework. Data was collected using semi-structured,
individual interviews with 12 young men between the ages of 18 and 26 from Durban, South
Africa and the data collected was analysed using discourse analysis. The results discussed six
main discourses evident amongst the texts, namely, the natural body, functionality over form,
the necessity of progression, the body for self and others, the body is secondary and the
homosexual aversion. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal-Durban, 2013.
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Adolescent boys living with HIV.Blackbeard, David Roy. January 2011 (has links)
This qualitative research identified constructions of masculinity among seven adolescent boys who were HIV positive, purposively sampled from the age range of 13 to 16 years and were members of a clinic-based HIV support groups. Central to this research was the critical use of the concept of ‘hegemonic masculinity’, defined as the legitmation of gendered power through masculinity ideals, embodied practices and imperatives. The framework of dialogical self theory was used for exploring the dynamics of individual and group positioning around hegemonic masculinity and this theory was compared with other approaches such as discursive theory. Using multiple research methods within a qualitative design, this research identified individual and group ideals and practices held by the adolescent boys, with a key focus on how young men maintained ‘positions’ in relation to hegemonic masculinity, be these forms of masculinity that retained complete or partial identification with hegemonic masculinity or versions of masculinity that were alternative to the hegemonic form. The study was situated at the intersection of masculinity with the experience of living with a chronic medical condition, and the relatively homogenous and small sample provided an indepth basis for understanding the instantiation of masculine identity in a situation of fairly unique challenges and complexity. A combination of semi-structured interviews, focus groups, autophotography, reflective writing, biographical drawings and biographical interviews were used to match an interpretive, inductive research process, with reflexivity and research ethics as key considerations. Interviews were carried out by the researcher and two of the support group facilitators, creating an opportunity for reflexivity around the complexities of qualitative interviewing. Multiple methods of data analysis were used to analyse and ‘dialogue’ multi-sourced verbal and visual data. Thse methods consisted of thematic analysis, an adaptation of critical narrative analysis for selected texts and content analysis of visual data. The findings suggested that there were active processes of positioning masculine identity at individual and group levels and that positions in relation to hegemonic ideals were emotionally invested. Two hegemonic versions of young masculinity were identified as sets of ideal standards and embodied practices. ‘Township young masculinity’ was a peer-approved version identified with physical invulnerability, risk-taking and an ideal of attaining ‘influence and affluence’ through exceptional performances. ‘Aspirant young masculinity’ was a future orientation towards attaining a commodity masculinity, identified with an independent provider roles and signified through visible displays of ownership both material and symbolic. Interpreting findings from dialogical self theory, it appeared that some of the boys, at some times, established a distance from hegemonic imperatives by taking personally agentive, independent I-positions. This carried the risk of impulsively reacting to hegemonic imperatives without the support of collective identities and social relationships. Some boys developed Ipositions that were contradictory to produce new and more tenable I-positions. This process appeared to be more sustainable when it was connected with a group or collective identity such as being a member of the support group or being a person living with HIV. Some of the boys maintained alternatives through ‘metapositions’ that were made available through contexts or resources which offered alternative perspectives and possibilities. Dilemmas faced included managing the hegemonic imperative of being sexually active as an HIV positive young man or prioritising health where the hegemonic standard promoted physical risk-taking. It was apparent that despite interviewer expectations, the participants did not foreground an HIV positive identity but instead defined themselves foremostly as young men. One of the solutions to these dilemmas was to modify but maintain some alignment or identification with masculinity ideals. Here, the constraints of being HIV positive meant that maintaining health was more important than conforming to masculinity ideals or a reframing of masculinity within the physical, social and symbolic barriers of having a potentially life-threatening illness. The challenge of this solution was that its sustainability relied to a large extent on the availability of safe ‘dialogical’ spaces such as the HIV support group. Some of the boys found ‘principled’ alternatives to hegemonic masculinity from community or cultural values. Some of the boys identified with hegemonic standards but had to constantly defend against the anxiety of not being able to embody these hegemonic standards. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.
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Young men's accounts of living with oculocutaneous albinism in relation to identity and masculinityVan der Walt, James Alexander January 2018 (has links)
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology), 2018 / The current research arose from a particular interest in the ways in which different
subgroups of men form and navigate their male identities and their masculinities. The
decision to focus on the experiences of men living with oculocutaneous albinism
stemmed from two inter-related premises: firstly, there is a dearth of research around
this particular minority group; and secondly, there has been a call for the life
experiences of this particular population to receive greater attention and
understanding. Four participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview
schedule. The transcribed data gathered from these interviews was subject to a
computer-aided thematic analysis. The findings of the current research suggest that
the experiences of being stigmatized due to oculocutaneous albinism were highly
injurious to the participants and lead them to internalize a strong sense of shame. This
in turn affected the ways in which the participants experienced themselves in the world
and interacted with others relationally, including in relation to friendships and more
intimate partnerships. All of the participants feared that their albinism would make
them less desirable to prospective life partners and were concerned that close others
might be stigmatized by association with them. Their experiences appeared to
influence the participants’ positioning of themselves in relation to other men and were
also implicated in the complex nature of their racial identity. Participants demonstrated
a capacity to be reflective about their life experiences and about the responses of
others towards them in respect of their condition. / XL2018
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The men in our living room : masculinities and the struggle for a 'new' South African hegemony in 'Egoli: place of gold' 1994Jonker, Francois 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study I analyse the 1994 episodes of the popular soap opera Egoli: Place of Gold that coincide with the so-called ‘birth’ of the New South Africa. This moment in media history is characterised by a heightened sense of anticipation surrounding Egoli as the first local soap opera created by Franz Marx at the pinnacle of his career for the relatively new – and only – independent broadcaster in the country, M-Net. Because of the reliance of this genre on perceived realism, Egoli offers a historically significant televisual mediation of the widespread social and political changes that mark this particular period. I argue that the soap opera elicits a non-critical passive spectatorship and should therefore be regarded as a ‘readerly’ medium that transmits a form of pre-negotiated textual hegemony directly into the intimacy of the domestic viewing space. While acknowledging an awareness of the pivotal role played by white Afrikaans men in the safeguarding of cultural hegemony up until this historical juncture, my study diverges from the wealth of research on soap opera as a women’s medium and approaches Egoli with an interest in the programme’s construction of masculinities. An analysis of three contrasting male characters investigates Egoli’s formulation of a social matrix that reflects not only the programme’s attitude towards gender, but also to social power, class and race. I conclude that this specific soap opera lacks the ability to produce or reflect radical change. Egoli merely serves to reiterate the affirmation of the hegemony of an established order of Afrikaner patriarchy on a superficial level. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie analiseer ek die 1994 episodes van die populêre sepie Egoli: Plek van Goud wat afspeel tydens die sogenaamde ‘geboorte’ van die Nuwe Suid-Afrika. Hierdie oomblik in media-geskiedenis is gekarakteriseer deur ‘n verhoogde gevoel van antisipasie rondom Egoli as die eerste plaaslike sepie, vervaardig deur Franz Marx tydens die toppunt van sy loopbaansukses vir die relatief nuwe, en enigste onafhanklike uitsaaidiens in die land, M-Net. Vanweë hierdie medium se afhanklikheid op skynbare realisme, bied Egoli ‘n waardevolle historiese televisuele vertolking van die verrykende sosiale en politiese veranderinge van hierdie tydperk. Ek argumenteer dat die sepie ‘n passiewe kritiekloosheid in kykers uitlok en daarom as ‘n ‘leeslike’ teks benader moet word, wat ‘n reeds-onderhandelde hegemonie direk in die intimiteit van die huishouding oordra. As gevolg van die bewustheid van die kritieke rol wat deur blanke Afrikaanse mans vervul is in die beveiliging van kulturele hegemonie tot en met hierdie historiese moment, wyk my studie af van die veelvuldige navorsing oor die sepie as ‘n vroue-medium en benader ek Egoli met ‘n fokus op die konstruering van manlikheid. ‘n Analise van drie kontrasterende manlike karakters ondersoek Egoli se formulering van ‘n sosiale matriks wat nie alleenlik die program se benadering tot geslag blootlê nie, maar so ook tot sosiale mag, klas en ras. Ek sluit af met die bevinding dat dié sepie ontbreek in die vermoë om radikale verandering aan te spoor of te weerspieël. Egoli slaag slegs daarin om op ‘n oppervlakkige wyse die hegemonie van ‘n gevestigde Afrikaner patriargale orde te bevestig en te reproduseer.
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"Mirror, mirror on the wall who's the buffest of them all" : traditional masculine role norms and body image discrepancy in Indian school going boys.Martin, Jarred. January 2010 (has links)
This study investigated the relationship between traditional masculine role norms, body image discrepancy, body appearance schemas, and sociocultural attitudes towards appearance in a sample of 495 Indian South African school going boys, between the ages of 13 and 18 years old. The main objective of this research study was to investigate the interrelationships between these variables in terms of how they relate to the experience of body image discrepancy for Indian males in the context of the regulatory norms and practices of traditional masculine ideology. Also examined were the traditional male role norms associated with the boys’ cognitive body appearance schemata. In addition this study attempted to identify the role played by the portrayal of Indian male somatoforms in Indian cinema on the personal and collective evaluation of masculine appearance for a sample of Indian school boys. The variables of interest were measured using the Masculine Role Norms Inventory (MRNI; Levant & Fisher, 1998), Lynch and Zellner’s Body Figure Drawings (1999), Appearance Schemas Inventory (ASI; Cash & Labarge, 1999), and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 (SATAQ-3; Thompson, van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004). The above constructs were considered in light of biographical questions which pertained to self-worth, the psycho-behavioural implications of pursuing an enhanced appearance, and Indian cinema. The findings of this study showed how a sample of South African Indian boys are defining and refining a localized masculine sense of self within the broader interplays of South African gender relations and masculinities. Analysis revealed the traditional masculine role norms of status-seeking, heterosexism, anti-femininity, and emotional stoicism, shared positive and significant correlations with body image discrepancy. Nontraditional masculine attitudes were similarly associated with body image discrepancy. Moreover it was shown that the influences of sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and a more substantial investment in body appearance, were key ingredients for participants positioning an athletically muscular and toned male body as their ethnomorphological and masculine ideal. Finally, concerning trends in steroid and supplement use were illustrated as foremost risk behaviours associated with support for a muscularised, traditionally masculine subjective and normative agenda. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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