El Perú es un país poseedor de una gran biodiversidad y experiencia en el uso tradicional de plantas medicinales, fuente de recursos naturales para la investigación y desarrollo de fitomedicamentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el uso y utilización de plantas medicinales en los clientes de cuatro mercados de abastos del distrito de Ventanilla- callao, junio – diciembre 2007; para este efecto se evaluaron a 97 usuarios de plantas medicinales mediante una encuesta, para determinar la necesidad de ser orientados profesionalmente, y se evaluaron a 20 vendedores de plantas medicinales con la finalidad de identificar su formación en plantas medicinales. A las encuestas se les efectuó un análisis de validez y confiabilidad por el método de Coeficiente de Consistencia Interna Alfa de Cronbach para determinar su significancia estadística. Se les codificó y creó una base de datos en el programa SPPSS v 12. En los usuarios de plantas medicinales se ha determinado la necesidad de orientación y educación profesional sobre el uso de plantas medicinales; en los vendedores de plantas se ha determinado que no tienen una formación académica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, por lo que en el presente trabajo de investigación se propone una serie de herramientas técnicas en Consejería Farmacéutica de plantas medicinales en los establecimientos farmacéuticos como farmacias y boticas. / Peru is a country in possession of a great biodiversity and experience in the use of traditional medicinal plants, a source of natural resources for research and development of phytomedicines. The purpose of this study to use of medicinal plats in four markets of the Ventanilla district- Callao, june – December 2007; to this effect were assessed to 97 users of medicinal plants through a survey to determine the need to be professionally oriented, and 20 sellers in the plant with the intention of measuring its formation in plants medicinal. In the surveys were conducted an analysis of validity and reliability of the method of internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach Alfa to determine their statistical significance. They were codified and created a database on the program SPSS v12. In users of medicinal plants has identified a need for professional guidance and education on the use of medicinal plants; sellers in the plant have been determined to have no formal training on the use of medicinal plants, so in this research work proposes a set of technical tools in pharmaceutical counseling for the use and utilization of medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals in drugstores and pharmacies in our country. / Tesis

En el presente trabajo se realizó la determinación químico bromatológico del “aguamiel” de Agave americana L., de la muestra procedente de la provincia de Vilcashuamán, departamento de Ayacucho. Así mismo se realizó la elaboración de néctar de aguamiel, con materia prima proveniente de la misma provincia. En la evaluación químico bromatológico, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados expresados en g % de muestra fresca: 87.38 de humedad, 0.30 de proteína, 0.01 de grasa, 12.03 de carbohidratos, 0.23 de cenizas, 0.05 de fibra cruda, 0.97 de azúcares reductores, 9.08 de azucares reductores totales (Expresado estos dos últimos en g% de glucosa). Y minerales expresados en mg%: 16.92 de sodio, 21.56 de potasio, 7.41 de magnesio, 9.51 de calcio, 4.20 de fósforo, 0.06 de fierro, 0.07 de zinc y 0.02 de cobre. Vitamina C 14.82 mg%. Se preparó néctar con conservante y néctar sin conservante. De los ensayos preliminares de elaboración de néctar a diferentes valores de pH y grados Brix, tanto con conservante y sin conservante, se eligió la formulación de pH 4.50 y Grados Brix 15.50 por ser la de mayor aceptación en la evaluación sensorial. De la determinación del tiempo de vida útil de néctar mediante la evaluación de los parámetros químicos y sensoriales, durante tres meses; almacenadas a 4°C, temperatura ambiental (aprox. 20 a 22 °C) y 37 °C, se ha obtenido que las temperaturas en las que mejor se conservan ambas formulaciones es a 4 °C y a temperatura ambiente. El néctar con conservante se conserva ligeramente mayor tiempo a comparación de néctar sin conservante. / Presently work was carried out the chemical bromatology study about the aguamiel of Agave americana L, the sample coming from the province Vilcashuaman, department of Ayacucho (Perú). In this work it was also carried out preparation nectar of aguamiel with matter prime coming of the same province. In the chemist bromatology determination, the following results obtained expressed en g% of fresh sample: 87.38 of humidity, 0.30 of totals proteins, 0.01 of fats, 12.03 of carbohydrates, 0.23 of ash, 0.05 of raw fibre, 0.97 of sugars directes reducers (g% glucose), 9.08 of sugars totals reducers (g% glucose). And minerals expressed in mg%: 0.79 of sodium, 14.24 potassium, 7.41 of magnesium, 9.51of calcium, 4.20 of phosphorum, 0.06 of iron, 0.07 of zinc and 0.02 of cupper. Also 14.82 mg% of vitamin C. In this case the nectar prepared with preservative and without preservative. According to the experiments preliminaries of elaboration of nectar to differents values of pH and Brix degrees, with preservative and without preservative, it was selected the formulation of pH 4.50 and Brix degrees 15.50, it was because, it had the best acceptation in the sensorial evaluation. About the time determination of the useful like of the nectar, by means of the evaluation of parameter sensorial and chemical, during three months kept to 4 °C, ambient temperature (approximately 20 to 22 °C) and 37 °C, it has been obtained than the temperatures in which better can conserve both formulations are the 4 °C and ambient temperature. The nectar with preservative it can conserve lightly better than nectar without preservative. / Tesis

Homoeoprophylaxis (HP) is the use of homoeopathically prepared substances to prevent targeted infectious diseases in recipients. Its first use in an epidemic of Scarlet Fever was documented in 1801. It has been used throughout the world since then for both short-term and long-term preventative purposes. The effectiveness and safety of Golden�s long-term HP program using homoeopathically prepared substances to prevent targeted infectious diseases in recipients was tested through two research projects. The effectiveness of the program could not be established with statistical certainty given the limited sample size and the low probability of acquiring an infectious disease. However, a possible level of effectiveness of 90.3% was identified subject to specified limitations. Further research to confirm the effectiveness of the program is justified. Statistically significant results were obtained that confirmed the safety of the program both in absolute terms as well as compared to all other methods of disease prevention studied. It also appeared possible that a national immunisation system where both vaccination and HP were available to parents would increase the national coverage against targeted infectious diseases, and reduce the incidence of some chronic health conditions, especially asthma.

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences

El Perú es un país poseedor de una gran biodiversidad y experiencia en el uso tradicional de plantas medicinales, fuente de recursos naturales para la investigación y desarrollo de fitomedicamentos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar el uso y utilización de plantas medicinales en los clientes de cuatro mercados de abastos del distrito de Ventanilla- callao, junio – diciembre 2007; para este efecto se evaluaron a 97 usuarios de plantas medicinales mediante una encuesta, para determinar la necesidad de ser orientados profesionalmente, y se evaluaron a 20 vendedores de plantas medicinales con la finalidad de identificar su formación en plantas medicinales. A las encuestas se les efectuó un análisis de validez y confiabilidad por el método de Coeficiente de Consistencia Interna Alfa de Cronbach para determinar su significancia estadística. Se les codificó y creó una base de datos en el programa SPPSS v 12. En los usuarios de plantas medicinales se ha determinado la necesidad de orientación y educación profesional sobre el uso de plantas medicinales; en los vendedores de plantas se ha determinado que no tienen una formación académica sobre el uso de plantas medicinales, por lo que en el presente trabajo de investigación se propone una serie de herramientas técnicas en Consejería Farmacéutica de plantas medicinales en los establecimientos farmacéuticos como farmacias y boticas. / Peru is a country in possession of a great biodiversity and experience in the use of traditional medicinal plants, a source of natural resources for research and development of phytomedicines. The purpose of this study to use of medicinal plats in four markets of the Ventanilla district- Callao, june – December 2007; to this effect were assessed to 97 users of medicinal plants through a survey to determine the need to be professionally oriented, and 20 sellers in the plant with the intention of measuring its formation in plants medicinal. In the surveys were conducted an analysis of validity and reliability of the method of internal consistency coefficient of Cronbach Alfa to determine their statistical significance. They were codified and created a database on the program SPSS v12. In users of medicinal plants has identified a need for professional guidance and education on the use of medicinal plants; sellers in the plant have been determined to have no formal training on the use of medicinal plants, so in this research work proposes a set of technical tools in pharmaceutical counseling for the use and utilization of medicinal plants and pharmaceuticals in drugstores and pharmacies in our country.

En el presente trabajo se realizó la determinación químico bromatológico del “aguamiel” de Agave americana L., de la muestra procedente de la provincia de Vilcashuamán, departamento de Ayacucho. Así mismo se realizó la elaboración de néctar de aguamiel, con materia prima proveniente de la misma provincia. En la evaluación químico bromatológico, se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados expresados en g % de muestra fresca: 87.38 de humedad, 0.30 de proteína, 0.01 de grasa, 12.03 de carbohidratos, 0.23 de cenizas, 0.05 de fibra cruda, 0.97 de azúcares reductores, 9.08 de azucares reductores totales (Expresado estos dos últimos en g% de glucosa). Y minerales expresados en mg%: 16.92 de sodio, 21.56 de potasio, 7.41 de magnesio, 9.51 de calcio, 4.20 de fósforo, 0.06 de fierro, 0.07 de zinc y 0.02 de cobre. Vitamina C 14.82 mg%. Se preparó néctar con conservante y néctar sin conservante. De los ensayos preliminares de elaboración de néctar a diferentes valores de pH y grados Brix, tanto con conservante y sin conservante, se eligió la formulación de pH 4.50 y Grados Brix 15.50 por ser la de mayor aceptación en la evaluación sensorial. De la determinación del tiempo de vida útil de néctar mediante la evaluación de los parámetros químicos y sensoriales, durante tres meses; almacenadas a 4°C, temperatura ambiental (aprox. 20 a 22 °C) y 37 °C, se ha obtenido que las temperaturas en las que mejor se conservan ambas formulaciones es a 4 °C y a temperatura ambiente. El néctar con conservante se conserva ligeramente mayor tiempo a comparación de néctar sin conservante. / Presently work was carried out the chemical bromatology study about the aguamiel of Agave americana L, the sample coming from the province Vilcashuaman, department of Ayacucho (Perú). In this work it was also carried out preparation nectar of aguamiel with matter prime coming of the same province. In the chemist bromatology determination, the following results obtained expressed en g% of fresh sample: 87.38 of humidity, 0.30 of totals proteins, 0.01 of fats, 12.03 of carbohydrates, 0.23 of ash, 0.05 of raw fibre, 0.97 of sugars directes reducers (g% glucose), 9.08 of sugars totals reducers (g% glucose). And minerals expressed in mg%: 0.79 of sodium, 14.24 potassium, 7.41 of magnesium, 9.51of calcium, 4.20 of phosphorum, 0.06 of iron, 0.07 of zinc and 0.02 of cupper. Also 14.82 mg% of vitamin C. In this case the nectar prepared with preservative and without preservative. According to the experiments preliminaries of elaboration of nectar to differents values of pH and Brix degrees, with preservative and without preservative, it was selected the formulation of pH 4.50 and Brix degrees 15.50, it was because, it had the best acceptation in the sensorial evaluation. About the time determination of the useful like of the nectar, by means of the evaluation of parameter sensorial and chemical, during three months kept to 4 °C, ambient temperature (approximately 20 to 22 °C) and 37 °C, it has been obtained than the temperatures in which better can conserve both formulations are the 4 °C and ambient temperature. The nectar with preservative it can conserve lightly better than nectar without preservative.

En el presente trabajo de investigación se evaluó el efecto antiinflamatorio y cicatrizante del extracto etanólico de hojas de Senna reticulata (Willd.)H.Irwin and Barneby “Retama” procedente del Departamento de San Martín (Tarapoto). Se determinaron los metabolitos secundarios mediante la marcha fitoquímica, identificando flavonoides, alcaloides, taninos, saponinas y glicósidos. Luego se efectuó el screening cromatográfico, para posteriormente realizar las lecturas al espectrofotómetro. Para la investigación farmacológica se preparó una crema base cold-cream a la cual se le añadió concentraciones de 5%, 10% y 20% del extracto, realizando el estudio antiinflamatorio y cicatrizante en ratones albinos de 25 a 30 g. Comparándose con Diclofenaco al 1% en gel para el efecto antiinflamatorio dando resultados no significativos. Mostró acción cicatrizante significativa confrontando con Neomicina-Bacitracina, glicina, L- cisteina, DL – treonina; obteniendo mayor efecto con la crema al 20% luego la crema al 10% y la crema al 5% del extracto etanólico. / In the present thesis there was evaluated the antiinflammatory and healing effect of the extract etanolic of leaves of Senna reticulata (Willd.) H Irwin and Barneby “Broom” proceeding from the departament of San Martín (Tarapoto). The secundary metabolitos were identified by phytochemistry procedure identifying flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponines and glicosides. Then the chromatographic screening was effected later to realize the readings to the spectrophotometer. For the pharmacological investigation a cream was prepared base cold-cream to which were added concentrations of 5%, 10% and 20% of the extract, realizing the antiinflammatory and healing study in albino mice from 25 to 30 g. being compared by Diclofenaco to 1% in gel for the antiinflammatory effect giving not significant results. Showed healing significant action bordering with Neomicine – Bacitracine, glicine, L-cisteine, DL –treonine; obtaining major effect with the cream to 20% then the cream to 10% and the cream to 5% of the extract etanolic.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin, 1926. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-42) and index.

The structural elucidations of nine new natural products from Thevetia ahouia, Eremocarpus setigerus, Trichilia hispida, Chrysothamus paniculatus, Uvaria acuminata, Wikstroemia monticola, and Uvaria zelanica are discussed in detail. Also included are some known compounds that were found in these plants. Of the new compounds discussed, two are diterpenes (eremone, chrysothame), two are relatively simple triterpenes (hispidols A, B), two are highly oxidized triterpenes (hispidins A, B), one is a fatty acid derivative (uvaricin), one is a shikimate-derived metabolite (1-epizeylenol), and one has both steroidal and carbohydrate features (3'-OMe-evomonoside). ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data are given for all the new compounds. Assignments were made by analogy with model compounds, computer simulation, and ¹H-¹H and ¹H-¹³C decoupling where indicated. High resolution mass spectral fragmentations are given for most of the new compounds, and individual structural assignments made for intense peaks. An X-ray analysis (eremone) was done with all pertinent information included. Most of the compounds have been tested for anti-tumor activity, and several exhibit strong cytotoxicity (hispidins A and B, 3'-OMe-evomonoside, huratoxin, uvaricin).

University of Macau / Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences