Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-221).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1993.

O trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma metodologia para coleta e análise de informações sobre o uso de materiais/componentes nos canteiros de obras. Tal metodologia envolve o levantamento de indicadores globais (envolvem todas as etapas do processo de produção: recebimento, estocagem, processamento intermediário, transporte e aplicação final) e parciais (dizem respeito a uma das etapas do processo) sobre consumos e/ou perdas de materiais/componentes. O correlacionamento de tais avaliações numéricas com as situações vigentes no canteiro, serve de subsídio quanto à geração futura de alternativas para a redução destes índices. A metodologia contempla 19 materiais; sua operacionalização é baseada num conjunto de 7 séries de planilhas contendo procedimentos específicos para a coleta de informações e cálculo dos índices. São definidas também diretrizes para a análise dos resultados. Tais instrumentos garantem a padronização da coleta, do processamento e da análise das informações e, conseqüentemente, permite a comparação entre índices levantados em obras diferentes de quaisquer partes do país. / This work proposes a meticulous methodology for data collection and analysis on materials/components consumption and waste in building construction sites. Such a methodology involves the calculation of global and partial indexes on materials/components consumption and/or waste. While the global ones represent the stages roamed by materials until their final destiny (receiving, storage, processing, transport and application) altogether, the partial ones evaluate each stage performance separately. The correlation of these numeric evaluations with the effective work conditions in the construction sites, may provide important figures to help detecting alternatives for the reduction of materials waste. The methodology contemplates 19 materials; its operation is based on a group of seven sheets series contending specific procedures for the information collection and indexes calculation. It also defines guidelines for the results analysis. Such instruments warrant the standardization of the collection, processing, analysis of the information and, consequently, it allows the comparison among indexes representing different construction sites, located in any part of the country.

O trabalho desenvolvido propõe uma metodologia para coleta e análise de informações sobre o uso de materiais/componentes nos canteiros de obras. Tal metodologia envolve o levantamento de indicadores globais (envolvem todas as etapas do processo de produção: recebimento, estocagem, processamento intermediário, transporte e aplicação final) e parciais (dizem respeito a uma das etapas do processo) sobre consumos e/ou perdas de materiais/componentes. O correlacionamento de tais avaliações numéricas com as situações vigentes no canteiro, serve de subsídio quanto à geração futura de alternativas para a redução destes índices. A metodologia contempla 19 materiais; sua operacionalização é baseada num conjunto de 7 séries de planilhas contendo procedimentos específicos para a coleta de informações e cálculo dos índices. São definidas também diretrizes para a análise dos resultados. Tais instrumentos garantem a padronização da coleta, do processamento e da análise das informações e, conseqüentemente, permite a comparação entre índices levantados em obras diferentes de quaisquer partes do país. / This work proposes a meticulous methodology for data collection and analysis on materials/components consumption and waste in building construction sites. Such a methodology involves the calculation of global and partial indexes on materials/components consumption and/or waste. While the global ones represent the stages roamed by materials until their final destiny (receiving, storage, processing, transport and application) altogether, the partial ones evaluate each stage performance separately. The correlation of these numeric evaluations with the effective work conditions in the construction sites, may provide important figures to help detecting alternatives for the reduction of materials waste. The methodology contemplates 19 materials; its operation is based on a group of seven sheets series contending specific procedures for the information collection and indexes calculation. It also defines guidelines for the results analysis. Such instruments warrant the standardization of the collection, processing, analysis of the information and, consequently, it allows the comparison among indexes representing different construction sites, located in any part of the country.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-09-08T14:58:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DAGMAR BORGES DA SILVA.pdf: 1440379 bytes, checksum: edaaa8bd1f9a9789937a316373fc7713 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T14:58:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DAGMAR BORGES DA SILVA.pdf: 1440379 bytes, checksum: edaaa8bd1f9a9789937a316373fc7713 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-22 / This research presents diagnosis of unserviceable domestic goods (BIDs) of the type appliances and electronics in an exploratory study in the city of Goiânia, highlighting aspects of their collection and destination in fourteen waste pickers cooperatives. These BDIs and its various components are collected, mostly by the Catatreco Project (PC) and the Goiania Selective Collection Program (PGCS), both developed by Goiânia Urbanization Company (COMURG) in partnership with Municipal Environment Agency (AMMA). These two entities are subject to the City of Goiânia and benefit the families of the waste pickers cooperative. The exploratory research methodology showed different strategies that recycling cooperatives use to sell BDIs to three scrap metal companies, called intermediary or mediating companies, for resale to recycling industries. The data collection: two questionnaires, an interview script and print notes. The results show that these BDIs received in the cooperatives are not measured and represents the minimum quantity in other types of BDIs. The infrastructure is very weak and those types that have economic viability can be recycled. Respondents felt that most of the collection corresponds to the partnership with COMURG but other partners also contribute. Thus, cooperatives are gaining their self-management. Reverse logistics is associated with recycled industry operated outside the State of Goiás. This research allows us to understand that cooperatives do not recycle the unserviceable household good. They just carry out the separation and the sale/marketing. / Esta pesquisa apresenta diagnóstico dos Bens Domésticos Inservíveis (BDIs) do tipo eletrodomésticos e eletroeletrônicos em um estudo exploratório na cidade de Goiânia, destacando os aspectos de sua coleta e destino em quatorze Cooperativas de Catadores. Esses BDIs e seus diversos componentes são coletados, em sua maior parte, pelo Projeto Catatreco (PC) e pelo Programa Goiânia Coleta Seletiva (PGCS), ambos desenvolvidos pela Companhia de Urbanização de Goiânia (COMURG), em parceria com a Agência Municipal de Meio Ambiente (AMMA). Essas duas entidades são subordinadas à Prefeitura Municipal de Goiânia e beneficiam famílias em Cooperativas de Catadores. A metodologia de pesquisa exploratória mostrou diferentes estratégias que as Cooperativas de Catadores utilizam para vender BDIs a três empresas sucateiras, chamadas de atravessadoras, que revendem para as indústrias recicladoras. Na coleta de dados: dois questionários, um roteiro de entrevista e anotações de impressões. Os resultados apresentados mostram que esses BDIs recebidos nas cooperativas não são mensurados e representam quantidade mínima em relação aos outros tipos de BDIs. A infraestrutura é muito incipiente e aqueles tipos que possuem viabilidade econômica podem ser reciclados. Os entrevistados consideraram que a maior parte da coleta corresponde à parceria com a COMURG, mas que outros parceiros também contribuem. Assim, as cooperativas vão ganhando autogestão. A logística reversa está associada à indústria de reciclados explorada fora do Estado de Goiás. Esta pesquisa permitiu compreender que as cooperativas não realizam a reciclagem dos materiais recebidos, somente a triagem e a comercialização.

Soils in the urban environment are distinctive in that they are modified through waste amendments. Consideration has been given to how urban soil properties reflect current human influence; however, recent studies highlight their potential as historical archives. The impact of waste disposal on the nature, properties and formation of urban soils is significant, especially in historic small towns where the extent and complexity of refuse management practices is only just emerging. This study uses a multi-method approach to characterise and understand modes of urban anthrosol formation in three Scottish burghs; Lauder, Pittenweem and Wigtown. The objectives of this study are threefold; to establish the nature and diversity of urban anthrosols in and near to historic small towns, to characterise and account for the multiplicity of urban anthrosols in and near to historic small towns, and to elucidate the processes associated with waste management and disposal in historic small towns. Physical, chemical and micromorphological analysis of topsoil deposits indicate sustained addition of past waste materials to soils within and near to historic small towns. Soil characteristics were heterogeneous across burghs; however, distinct patterns according to past functional zones were identified. The burgh core and burgh acres are important areas of interest at all three burghs. Soil modification was most pronounced within burgh cores resulting in the formation of hortic horizons. Soils within burgh cores are characterised by neutral pH, increased organic matter content, enhanced magnetic susceptibility and elevated elemental concentrations such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium. In comparison the nature and extent of soil modification within burgh acres is more varied. At Lauder hortic soils were identified in the burgh acres suggesting pronounced soil modification through cultivation. Deepened topsoil in the burgh acres at Pittenweem provided evidence for application of mineral rich waste materials in the past. Moreover, magnetic and elemental enhancement (barium, phosphorus, lead, zinc) within the burgh acres south of Wigtown revealed historic soils based anthropogenic signal. It is argued that changes in soil characteristics at Lauder, Pittenweem and Wigtown can be explained through processes of waste management and disposal in the past. Evidence from micromorphological analyses suggests that waste in burgh cores typically comprised domestic waste, animal waste, building materials and fuel residues. These materials were also identified within burgh acres, although it is noted that their abundances were significantly lower. Variation in urban anthrosol characteristics between burghs is attributed to differing industries and patterns of resource exploitation, for example marine waste associated with fishing was only identified in coastal burghs. The sustained addition of waste materials to soils within and near to historic small towns was an effective waste management strategy. Waste disposal in burgh cores was likely to be a combination of direct application and midden spreading in back gardens. This led to enhanced soil fertility which was important in the development of urban horticulture; particularly for poorer inhabitants who did not have access to arable farm land adjacent to the burgh. Dunghills acted as temporary stores of waste in the main thoroughfares of Lauder, Pittenweem and Wigtown. These dunghills were systematically transported to the burgh acres for further use as a fertiliser; hence, an early form of urban composting. Processes of waste disposal could not be deduced from soil characteristics alone; however, likely methods include direct waste deposition, storage and redistribution of midden waste, and storage and redistribution of dunghills. The limitations of soil classification systems and mapping are highlighted, for example urban soils are either omitted from soil maps or are misclassified. It is recommended that urban soils in historic towns should be incorporated into future regional soil maps. Urban soils represent a complex archive of past human behaviour not necessarily reflected in archaeological excavation or documentary analysis. It is argued that soil and artefacts are equally important, hence soil should be a consideration in urban heritage and conservation strategies.